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ADDENDUM TO SINGAPORE’S

LONG-TERM LOW-EMISSIONS

DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY

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National Circumstances

Climate change is one of the

greatest existential threats of our

time. The Intergovernmental Panel

on Climate Change (IPCC)’s Sixth

are to limit global warming to 1.5°C.

As a small, low-lying island city-state in the

tropics, Singapore is especially vulnerable

to the adverse effects of climate change,

notably the heightened risks of extreme

weather events, urban heat stress, and rising

sea levels. As Singapore has to import most

of our resources, we will be affected by rising

global pressures on food, energy and raw

materials. Although Singapore only accounts

also pursued energy efciency improvements

and other environmental protection measures

across all sectors of our economy.

To meet our climate commitments,

Singapore will continue to nd innovative

ways to reduce emissions whilst remaining

competitive in the face of our geographical

constraints. Singapore is small, low-lying,

highly urbanised, and has limited access to

alternative energies like wind or hydro-electric

The 26

th

Conference of the Parties (COP-

26) to the United Nations Framework

Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)

held in Glasgow in 2021 laid a rm foundation

for accelerated climate action. As part of

the Glasgow Climate Pact, Parties were

requested to revisit and strengthen the

2030 targets in their Nationally Determined

Preface

account different national circumstances.

Singapore has reviewed our climate targets,

policies and strategies, and has updated

them in this addendum, which builds on

our LEDS submitted in 2020, Charting

Future. This document has been prepared

by agencies in the Singapore Government

under the Inter-Ministerial Committee

on Climate Change (IMCCC), taking into

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Singapore’s Climate

Commitments

The early and collective efforts of businesses,

individuals and the Government have borne

fruit. Singapore met our commitment to

reduce emissions to 16% below business-

as-usual (BAU) levels by 2020, made in 2009

ahead of the Copenhagen Summit, achieving

a 32% reduction below BAU levels. In March

2020, we also submitted our rst update to

net zero emissions as soon as viable in the

second half of the century.

Since then, accelerating global momentum

on climate action has given us the condence

to further enhance our LEDS pledge.

Countries and corporations worldwide have

signicantly increased their investments and

research in decarbonisation technologies,

and there have been positive developments

in international cooperation in areas such

Given Singapore’s national circumstances

— we are a resource-constrained and

alternative energy-disadvantaged city-

state — these are ambitious targets. We

The targets will also be contingent on the

maturity of decarbonisation technologies

and effective international cooperation.

To achieve net zero by 2050, Singapore

is accelerating the low-carbon

transition for industry, economy and

society through four key thrusts:

• Catalysing business transformation;

• Investing in low-carbon technologies;

• Pursuing effective international

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Charting Singapore’s

Net Zero Future

The following sections outline the current

plans and policies that Singapore has put

in place to chart our way to net zero. We

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Systems (ESS) with 200 megawatt-hours

(MWh) of energy storage capacity and 200

megawatts (MW) of discharge capacity. Once

it is operational, it will be the largest ESS

deployment in Southeast Asia, and one of the

fastest of its size to be deployed.

We are also exploring possible CCUS

deployment pathways. Carbon dioxide

captured from industrial facilities in

Singapore could be sequestered in suitable

become techno-economically viable.

Given our national circumstances,

Singapore is highly dependent on

effective international cooperation for

the success of our decarbonisation

measures. While we continue to prioritise

domestic efforts to reduce emissions,

we will need to pursue collaboration with

in supporting the multilateral framework

of cooperation on climate change under

the UNFCCC, including co-facilitating the

negotiations at COP-26 that nalised the

Article 6 rulebook of the Paris Agreement.

Singapore also collaborates actively with

international partners, such as the UNFCCC,

the UN Development Programme (UNDP), the

UN Environment Programme (UNEP), ASEAN

and city-networks such as the C40, on the

green nance and low-carbon technologies.

On carbon markets, for example, Singapore

has signed Memoranda of Understanding

(MOUs) with countries such as Indonesia,

Colombia, Vietnam, Brunei and Morocco

on carbon credits collaboration aligned

to Article 6 of the Paris Agreement.

On the energy front, enhancing regional

energy connectivity, including through the

ASEAN Power Grid, is one initiative that

as part of the Lao PDR-Thailand-Malaysia-

Singapore Power Integration Project (LTMP-

PIP). Our aim is to import up to 4 GW of low-

carbon electricity from beyond our shores by

2035, which is expected to make up around

30% of Singapore’s total supply. In addition to

working with our regional neighbours on the

LTMP-PIP, Singapore has signed MOUs with

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collaborate on areas including regional power

grids and low-carbon solutions.

future. In support of broader global climate

action, Singapore has also committed

to initiatives such as the Powering Past

Coal Alliance, Global Methane Pledge, and

Greening Government Initiative.

Transport Sector

Singapore has one of the most

comprehensive and innovative systems in

the world for managing vehicle ownership

vehicles (EVs), we have various incentives to

lower the upfront and running costs of an EV.

We are also expanding our public EV charging

infrastructure, with a target of 60,000

charging points nationwide by 2030.

At the same time, we are continuing to

invest signicantly in our public transport

and active mobility infrastructure to

encourage Walk-Cycle-Ride (WCR) modes

of travel. Our target is for 9 in 10 peak

Under the Singapore Green Building

Masterplan, we have set three ambitious

targets:

• 80% of buildings by gross oor

area (GFA) to be green by 2030;

• 80% of new developments (by

GFA) to be Super Low Energy (SLE)

buildings

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from 2030 onwards; and

standards for new buildings, and pushing

the boundaries of energy efciency

through research and innovation.

Singapore is also implementing district-level

sustainability measures and solutions in

areas such as Jurong Lake District (JLD),

a new growth area in western Singapore

that aspires to become a world-class

sustainability district. JLD aims to achieve

net zero emissions for new developments

efciency. We will also maximise solar energy

deployment on buildings. To support green

mobility, 85% of all trips are targeted to be

through WCR modes of travel by 2035. 40%

of land in JLD will also be set aside for green

spaces and water bodies that will cool the

district and serve as recreational spaces.

SLE buildings refer to buildings that have achieved at least a 60% improvement in energy efciency compared to 2005 levels.

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Singapore has taken steps to reduce energy