• Acknowledge that learning about clients’ privileged and marginalized
status is a lifelong endeavor.
• Acknowledge the importance of reflecting on the attitudes, beliefs,
prejudices, and biases they hold about privileged and marginalized clients.
• Acknowledge that there are within-group differences and between group
similarities and differences among privileged and marginalized clients.
• Acknowledge clients’ communication style is influenced by their
privileged and marginalized status.
2. Knowledge: Privileged and marginalized counselors possess knowledge of
clients’ worldview, assumptions, attitudes, values, beliefs, biases, social
identities, social group statuses, and experiences with power, privilege, and
oppression.
Multicultural and social justice competent counselors:
• Develop knowledge of historical events and current issues that shape the
worldview, cultural background, values, beliefs, biases, and experiences of
privileged and marginalized clients.
• Develop knowledge of how stereotypes, discrimination, power, privilege,
and oppression influence privileged and marginalized clients.
• Develop knowledge of multicultural and social justice theories, identity
development models, and research pertaining to the worldview, culture,
and life experiences of privileged and marginalized clients.
• Develop knowledge of their strengths and limitations in working with
clients from privileged and marginalized groups.
• Develop knowledge of how to work through the discomfort that comes
with learning about privileged and marginalized clients.
• Develop a lifelong plan to acquire knowledge of clients’ privileged and
marginalized status.
• Develop knowledge of the attitudes, beliefs, prejudices, and biases they
hold about privileged and marginalized clients.
• Develop knowledge of the individual, group, and universal dimensions of
human existence of their privileged and marginalized clients.
• Develop knowledge of the communication style of their privileged and
marginalized client (e.g., high context vs. low context communication, eye
contact, orientation to time and space, etc.).
3. Skills: Privileged and marginalized counselors possess skills that enrich their
understanding of clients’ worldview, assumptions, attitudes, values, beliefs,
biases, social identities, social group statuses, and experiences with power,
privilege, and oppression.
Multicultural and social justice competent counselors:
• Acquire culturally responsive evaluation skills to analyze how historical
events and current issues shape the worldview, cultural background,