Federal Communications Commission FCC 24-52
16
Likewise, the FCC asserts that “[w]e do not think the rules we adopt today have the extraordinary
economic and political effect required.”
85
But this ostrich-like claim, one that will be entitled to no
deference, is not credible. The FCC itself asserts in the Order that these regulations are vital in its view to
advancing everything from national security, law enforcement, cybersecurity, public safety, network
resiliency, consumer privacy and data security, access to broadband itself, access for people with
disabilities, and free expression on the Internet. Title II’s proponents have furthered argued that common
carriage is “one of the most important … legal frameworks in human history”
86
and potentially
“transformative” for society.
87
The same agency or outside entities that put these claims forward cannot
now be heard to argue that this decision lacks the relevant significance for MQD purposes.
Or consider the FCC’s claim of comparative expertise.
88
As discussed in the sections below, the
FCC can lay no claim as the expert agency in many of the areas for which it allegedly needs Title II—
whether national security, law enforcement, cybersecurity, consumer protection, privacy, or data security.
Or consider the Order’s “claim to discover in a long-extant statute an unheralded power.”
89
The
FCC has regulated broadband under Title I for all but two years since the 1996 Act. We have done so
repeatedly on a bipartisan basis—rejecting Title II both as a general matter (1998, 2010, 2017, 2020)
90
and in the technology-specific context of wireline facilities (2005),
91
cable modem services (2005),
92
broadband over power lines (2006),
93
and wireless broadband (2007).
94
The FCC’s claim that Congress
implicitly delegated the agency authority to heavily regulate broadband as a Title II utility service all the
85
Order at para. 257.
86
Comments of Free Press, WC Docket No. 23-320, at 2 (Dec. 14, 2023).
87
Comments of Public Knowledge, WC Docket No. 23-320, at 46 (Dec. 14, 2023).
88
Biden v. Missouri, 142 S. Ct. at 653.
89
West Virginia, 142 S. Ct. at 2610 (observing that the agency “claim[ed] to discover in a long-extant statute an
unheralded power”).
90
Restoring Internet Freedom, Order on Remand, 35 FCC Rcd 12328 (2020) (2020 Restoring Internet Freedom
Remand Order); Restoring Internet Freedom, Declaratory Ruling, Report and Order, and Order, 33 FCC Rcd 311
(2017); Preserving the Open Internet, Report and Order, 25 FCC Rcd 17905, n.381 (2010) (“The open Internet rules
that we adopt today do not regulate Internet applications, much less impose Title II (i.e., common carrier) regulation
on such applications”); Federal-State Joint Board on Universal Service, Report to Congress, 13 FCC Rcd 11501
(1998) (Stevens Report) (classifying Internet access service).
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Appropriate Framework for Broadband Access to the Internet Over Wireline Facilities et al., Report and Order
and Notice of Proposed Rulemaking, 20 FCC Rcd 14853, para. 14 (2005).
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Inquiry Concerning High-Speed Access to the Internet Over Cable & Other Facilities; Internet Over Cable
Declaratory Ruling; Appropriate Regulatory Treatment for Broadband Access to the Internet Over Cable Facilities,
GN Docket No. 00-185, CS Docket No. 02-52, Declaratory Ruling and Notice of Proposed Rulemaking, 17 FCC
Rcd 4798 (2002) (Cable Modem Order) (classifying broadband Internet access service over cable systems), aff’d
sub nom. Nat’l Cable & Telecomms. Ass’n v. Brand X Internet Servs., 545 U.S. 967 (2005).
93
United Power Line Council’s Petition for Declaratory Ruling Regarding the Classification of Broadband over
Power Line Internet Access Service as an Information Service, WC Docket No. 06-10, Memorandum Opinion and
Order, 21 FCC Rcd 13281 (2006) (classifying broadband Internet access service over power lines).
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Appropriate Regulatory Treatment for Broadband Access to the Internet Over Wireless Networks, WT Docket No.
07-53, Declaratory Ruling, 22 FCC Rcd 5901 (2007) (Wireline Broadband Internet Access Services Order)
(classifying broadband Internet access service over wireless networks).