Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine, Vol. 2, No. 2, 2006
a role of prostaglandin D2. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci.
2000;355:275-80.
57. Scammell T, Gerashchenko D, Urade Y, Onoe H, Saper C, Hayai-
shi O. Activation of ventrolateral preoptic neurons by the somnogen
prostaglandin D2. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1998;95:7754-9.
58. Lu J, Greco MA, Shiromani P, Saper CB. Effect of lesions of the
ventrolateral preoptic nucleus on NREM and REM sleep. J Neuro-
sci. 2000;20:3830-42.
59. Ward CP, Harsh JR, York KM, Stewart KL, McCoy JG. Modafinil
facilitates performance on a delayed nonmatching to position swim
task in rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2004;78:735-41.
60. Arrigoni E, Crocker AJ, Saper CB, Greene RW, Scammell TE. Dele-
tion of presynaptic adenosine A1 receptors impairs the recovery of
synaptic transmission after hypoxia. Neuroscience. 2005;132:575-
80.
61. Gong H, Szymusiak R, King J, Steininger T, McGinty D. Sleep-re-
lated c-Fos protein expression in the preoptic hypothalamus: effects
of ambient warming. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol.
2000;279:R2079-88.
62. Deurveilher S, Semba K. Indirect projections from the suprachias-
matic nucleus to major arousal-promoting cell groups in rat: impli-
cations for the circadian control of behavioural state. Neuroscience.
2005;130:165-83.
63. Gong H, McGinty D, Guzman-Marin R, Chew KT, Stewart D, Szy-
musiak R. Activation of c-Fos in GABAergic neurones in the preop-
tic area during sleep and in response to sleep deprivation. J Physiol.
2004;556:935-46.
64. Suntsova N, Szymusiak R, Alam MN, Guzman-Marin R, McGinty
D. Sleep-waking discharge patterns of median preoptic nucleus neu-
rons in rats. J Physiol. 2002;543:665-77.
65. Yoshida K, Konishi M, Nagashima K, Saper CB, Kanosue K.
Fos activation in hypothalamic neurons during cold or warm ex-
posure: projections to periaqueductal gray matter. Neuroscience.
2005;133:1039-46.
66. Maruyama M, Nishi M, Konishi M et al. Brain regions expressing
Fos during thermoregulatory behavior in rats. Am J Physiol Regul
Integr Comp Physiol. 2003;285:R1116-23.
67. Gvilia I, Angara C, McGinty D, Szymusiak R. Different neuronal
populations of the rat median preoptic nucleus express c-Fos dur-
ing sleep and in response to hypertonic saline or angiotensin-II. J
Physiol. 2005;569:587-99.
68. Kato K, Chu CP, Kannan H, Ishida Y, Nishimori T, Nose H. Region-
al differences in the expression of Fos-like immunoreactivity after
central salt loading in conscious rats: modulation by endogenous va-
sopressin and role of the area postrema. Brain Res. 2004;1022:182-
94.
69. Saper CB, Levisohn D. Afferent connections of the median preoptic
nucleus in the rat: anatomical evidence for a cardiovascular integra-
tive mechanism in the anteroventral third ventricular (AV3V) re-
gion. Brain Res. 1983;288:21-31.
70. Saper CB, Chou TC, Scammell TE. The sleep switch: hypothalamic
control of sleep and wakefulness. Trends Neurosci. 2001;24:726-
31.
71. Saper CB, Scammell TE, Lu J. Hypothalamic regulation of sleep
and circadian rhythms. Nature. 2005;437:1257-63.
72. Saper CB, Lu J, Chou TC, Gooley J. The hypothalamic integrator
for circadian rhythms. Trends Neurosci. 2005;28:152-7.
73. Lu J, Jhou TC, Saper CB. Identification of wake-active dopaminer-
gic neurons in the ventral periaqueductal gray matter. J Neurosci.
2006;26:193-202.
74. Gallopin T, Fort P, Eggermann E et al. Identification of sleep-pro-
moting neurons in vitro. Nature. 2000;404:992-5.
75. Gallopin T, Luppi PH, Rambert FA, Frydman A, Fort P. Effect of the
wake-promoting agent modafinil on sleep-promoting neurons from
the ventrolateral preoptic nucleus: an in vitro pharmacologic study.
Sleep. 2004;27:19-25.
76. Gerashchenko D, Kohls MD, Greco M et al. Hypocretin-2-saporin
lesions of the lateral hypothalamus produce narcoleptic-like sleep
behavior in the rat. J Neurosci. 2001;21:7273-83.
77. Roth T. Prevalence, Associated Risks, and Treatment Patterns of In-
somnia. J Clin Psychiatry. 2005;66:10-3.
78. Chebib M, Johnston GA. GABA-Activated ligand gated ion chan-
nels: medicinal chemistry and molecular biology. J Med Chem.
2000;43:1427-47.
79. Bormann J. The ‘ABC’ of GABA receptors. Trends Pharmacol Sci.
2000;21:16-9.
80. Nelson LE, Lu J, Guo T, Saper CB, Franks NP, Maze M. The al-
pha2-adrenoceptor agonist dexmedetomidine converges on an en-
dogenous sleep-promoting pathway to exert its sedative effects.
Anesthesiology. 2003;98:428-36.
81. Nelson LE, Guo TZ, Lu J, Saper CB, Franks NP, Maze M. The seda-
tive component of anesthesia is mediated by GABA(A) receptors in
an endogenous sleep pathway. Nat Neurosci. 2002;5:979-84.
82. Frosini M, Valoti M, Sgaragli G. Changes in rectal temperature and
ECoG spectral power of sensorimotor cortex elicited in conscious
rabbits by i.c.v. injection of GABA, GABA(A) and GABA(B) ago-
nists and antagonists. Br J Pharmacol. 2004;141:152-62.
83. Lancel M. The GABA(A) agonist THIP increases non-REM sleep
and enhances non-REM sleep-specific delta activity in the rat dur-
ing the dark period. Sleep. 1997;20:1099-104.
84. Lancel M, Langebartels A. gamma-aminobutyric Acid(A)
(GABA(A)) agonist 4,5,6, 7-tetrahydroisoxazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-3-ol
persistently increases sleep maintenance and intensity during chron-
ic administration to rats. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2000;293:1084-90.
85. Vyazovskiy VV, Kopp C, Bosch G, Tobler I. The GABAA receptor
agonist THIP alters the EEG in waking and sleep of mice. Neuro-
pharmacology. 2005;48:617-26.
86. Mathias S, Zihl J, Steiger A, Lancel M. Effect of repeated gaboxadol
administration on night sleep and next-day performance in healthy
elderly subjects. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2005;30:833-41.
87. Mathias S, Steiger A, Lancel M. The GABA(A) agonist gaboxadol
improves the quality of post-nap sleep. Psychopharmacology (Berl).
2001;157:299-304.
88. Tobler I, Kopp C, Deboer T, Rudolph U. Diazepam-induced changes
in sleep: role of the alpha 1 GABA(A) receptor subtype. Proc Natl
Acad Sci USA. 2001;98:6464-9.
89. Mohler H, Fritschy JM, Rudolph U. A new benzodiazepine pharma-
cology. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2002;300:2-8.
90. Kralic JE, Wheeler M, Renzi K et al. Deletion of GABAA receptor
alpha 1 subunit-containing receptors alters responses to ethanol and
other anesthetics. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2003;305:600-7.
91. Low K, Crestani F, Keist R et al. Molecular and neuronal substrate
for the selective attenuation of anxiety. Science. 2000;290:131-4.
92. Brown N, Kerby J, Bonnert TP, Whiting PJ, Wafford KA. Phar-
macological characterization of a novel cell line expressing hu-
man alpha(4)beta(3)delta GABA(A) receptors. Br J Pharmacol.
2002;136:965-74.
93. Sergeeva OA, Eriksson KS, Sharonova IN, Vorobjev VS, Haas HL.
GABA(A) receptor heterogeneity in histaminergic neurons. Eur J
Neurosci. 2002;16:1472-82.
94. Pirker S, Schwarzer C, Wieselthaler A, Sieghart W, Sperk G.
GABA(A) receptors: immunocytochemical distribution of 13 sub-
units in the adult rat brain. Neuroscience. 2000;101:815-50.
95. Wisden W, Laurie DJ, Monyer H, Seeburg PH. The distribution of
13 GABAA receptor subunit mRNAs in the rat brain. I. Telencepha-
lon, diencephalon, mesencephalon. J Neurosci. 1992;12:1040-62.
96. Shen H, Gong QH, Yuan M, Smith SS. Short-term steroid treatment
increases delta GABAA receptor subunit expression in rat CA1 hip-
pocampus: pharmacological and behavioral effects. Neuropharma-
cology. 2005;49:573-86.
S25
J Lu and MA Greco
Downloaded from jcsm.aasm.org by 190.2.133.230 on March 25, 2022. For personal use only. No other uses without permission.
Copyright 2022 American Academy of Sleep Medicine. All rights reserved.