U.S. Department
of Transportation
Federal Aviation
Administration
Advisory
Circular
Subject: Certification: Pilots and Flight and
Ground Instructors
Date: 8/27/18 AC No: 61-65H
Initiated by: AFS-800 Change:
This advisory circular (AC) provides guidance for pilot and instructor applicants, pilots, flight
instructors, ground instructors, and examiners on the certification standards, knowledge test
procedures, and other requirements in Title 14 of the Code of Federal Regulations (14 CFR)
part 61.
Rick Domingo
Executive Director, Flight Standards Service
8/27/18 AC 61-65H
ii
CONTENTS
Paragraph Page
1 Purpose of This Advisory Circular (AC) .............................................................................1
2 Audience ..............................................................................................................................1
3 Safety Message ....................................................................................................................1
4 Where You Can Find This AC.............................................................................................1
5 What This AC Cancels.........................................................................................................1
6 Related Reading Material (current editions) ........................................................................1
7 Summary of Changes ...........................................................................................................2
8 Pilot Training and Testing ...................................................................................................2
9 Knowledge Tests ..................................................................................................................2
10 Completion of Ground Training or a Home Study Curriculum ...........................................3
11 Verification of Identity, Age, and English Language Standard ...........................................4
12 Practical Tests ......................................................................................................................5
13 Light-Sport Aircraft (LSA) With a Single Seat ...................................................................6
14 Prerequisites for Practical Tests ...........................................................................................8
15 Student Pilot Certification....................................................................................................8
16 Acceptance of a Student Pilot Application ..........................................................................9
17 Student Pilot Certificate Eligibility ......................................................................................9
18 Student Pilot Application Process: IACRA .......................................................................10
19 Student Pilot Application Process: Paper FAA Form 8710-1 ...........................................11
20 Pre-Solo Requirements and Privileges...............................................................................11
21 Sport Pilot Certification .....................................................................................................14
22 Recreational Pilot Certification ..........................................................................................15
23 Private Pilot Certification ..................................................................................................16
24 Commercial Pilot Certification ..........................................................................................16
25 ATP Certification ...............................................................................................................17
26 Flight Instructors Other Than Flight Instructors With a Sport Pilot Rating ......................18
27 Flight Instructors With a Sport Pilot Rating ......................................................................19
28 Gold Seal Flight Instructor Certificates Other Than Flight Instructors With a Sport
Pilot Rating ........................................................................................................................21
29 Gold Seal Flight Instructor Certificates With a Sport Pilot Rating ...................................22
30 Renewal of a Flight Instructor Certificate .........................................................................22
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31 Expired Flight Instructor Certificate ..................................................................................25
32 Instrument Rating...............................................................................................................26
33 Additional Aircraft Ratings (Other Than ATP) .................................................................26
34 Additional Category/Class Ratings at the ATP Certification Level ..................................27
35 Other Instructor Endorsements ..........................................................................................28
36 Ground Instructor Certification ..........................................................................................28
37 Authorized Instructors .......................................................................................................28
38 Additional Training for Gliders .........................................................................................28
39 Enhanced Flight Vision System (EFVS) ...........................................................................29
40 AC Feedback Form ............................................................................................................29
Appendix A. Sample Endorsements ......................................................................................... A-1
Appendix B. Summary of Changes ...........................................................................................B-1
8/27/18 AC 61-65H
1
1 PURPOSE OF THIS ADVISORY CIRCULAR (AC). This AC provides guidance for
pilot and instructor applicants, pilots, flight instructors, ground instructors, and examiners
on certification standards, knowledge test procedures, and other requirements in Title 14
of the Code of Federal Regulations (14 CFR) part 61.
2 AUDIENCE. The primary audience for this AC is all flight instructors, ground
instructors, and Designated Pilot Examiners (DPE). It includes applicants for pilot
certificates, flight instructor certificates, and ground instructor certificates. The audience
also includes aviation safety inspectors (ASI) and aviation safety technicians (AST) who
conduct certification functions for pilots and/or have oversight of a designee who
performs pilot or instructor certifications. The secondary audience includes Flight
Standards Service offices. Title 14 CFR Part 107, Small Unmanned Aircraft Systems,
operators should refer to AC 107-2, Small Unmanned Aircraft Systems (sUAS), for
certificate requirements.
3 SAFETY MESSAGE. Safety is the number one goal of all airmen and instructors. This
AC is an aviation safety resource that helps avoid risk. Endorsements represent training
requirements completed and privileges granted. This AC helps airmen and instructors
ensure that all training is completed and documented clearly and concisely. An
endorsement marks and formalizes events such as an operating privilege or authorization
granted or a limitation incurred. Applying the recommended endorsements reduces the
risk that someone will act without a prerequisite or will misunderstand a limitation.
4 WHERE YOU CAN FIND THIS AC. You can find this AC on the Federal Aviation
Administration’s (FAA) website at
http://www.faa.gov/regulations_policies/advisory_cir
culars.
5 WHAT THIS AC CANCELS. AC 61-65G, Certification: Pilots and Flight and Ground
Instructors, dated August 25, 2017, is canceled.
6 RELATED READING MATERIAL (current editions):
• AC 60-28, FAA English Language Standard for an FAA Certificate Issued Under
14 CFR Parts 61, 63, 65, and 107.
• AC 61-98, Currency Requirements and Guidance for the Flight Review and
Instrument Proficiency Check.
• AC 61-107, Aircraft Operations at Altitudes Above 25,000 Feet Mean Sea Level or
Mach Numbers Greater Than .75.
• AC 107-2, Small Unmanned Aircraft Systems (sUAS).
• FAA Order 8080.6, Conduct of Airman Knowledge Tests.
• FAA Order 8900.1.
• FAA Airman Testing Resources at https://www.faa.gov/training_testing/testing/.
8/27/18 AC 61-65H
2
• Practical Test Standards (PTS) or Airman Certification Standards (ACS), as available,
at https://www.faa.gov/training_testing/testing/test_standards/.
• FAA Airman Knowledge Test Guides at https://www.faa.gov/training_testing/testing/
test_guides/.
• FAA Airman Knowledge Testing (AKT) at https://www.faa.gov/training_testing/testi
ng/media/testing_matrix.pdf.
7 SUMMARY OF CHANGES. See Appendix B, Summary of Changes, for changes from
this AC’s previous edition.
8 PILOT TRAINING AND TESTING. Part 61 contains eligibility, aeronautical
knowledge, flight proficiency, and aeronautical experience requirements for each pilot
certificate, instrument rating, flight instructor certificate, and ground instructor certificate.
The Areas of Operation specified for each certificate by part 61 encompass the Areas of
Operation and tasks contained in the ACS or PTS, as appropriate. Instructors must train
applicants “...to acceptable standards in all subject matter areas, procedures, and
maneuvers included in the tasks within the appropriate practical test standard.”
9 KNOWLEDGE TESTS. Airman knowledge tests cover the aeronautical knowledge
areas prescribed in part 61.
9.1 Knowledge Test Administration. An applicant for a knowledge test must meet the
requirements detailed in part 61, § 61.35(a). For the location of computerized testing
centers, consult the list at http://www.faa.gov/training_testing/testing/.
9.2 Evidence of Completion. Applicants are not required to show evidence of completed
training to take flight instructor, ground instructor, military competency, or foreign pilot
instrument knowledge tests unless they are applying to retake a test after failing that test
per § 61.49
. A person who applies for the knowledge test for an Airline Transport Pilot
(ATP) Certificate with an airplane category and multiengine class rating must present a
graduation certificate from an authorized training provider, as prescribed in §
61.156.
Applicants for other ATP knowledge tests are not required to show evidence of
completed training unless they are applying to retake a test after failing that test.
9.3 Relief for Certain U.S. Military and Civilian Personnel. Special rules, Special Federal
Aviation Regulations (SFAR) 100-2 and § 61.199(a)(3), grant relief to U.S. military and
civilian personnel who are assigned outside the United States in support of U.S. Armed
Forces operations. ASIs and ASTs are authorized to accept, from an eligible person, an
expired flight instructor certificate for renewal of that certificate or to obtain a new
instructor privilege on that certificate. ASIs and ASTs are also authorized to accept an
expired knowledge test report to show eligibility under part 61 to take a practical test.
The eligible person must present the ASI or AST with the required documents along with
FAA Form 8710-1, Airman Certificate and/or Rating Application. Refer to SFAR 100-2
and §§ 61.197 and 61.199(a)(3).
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10 COMPLETION OF GROUND TRAINING OR A HOME STUDY CURRICULUM.
10.1 General.
1. The FAA Airman Testing website contains detailed information about all
airman tests. Refer to https://www.faa.gov/training_testing/testing/.
2. The AKT regulations are §§ 61.35 and 61.37. Refer to the FAA AKT website
at https://www.faa.gov/training_testing/testing/media/testing_matrix.pdf.
10.2 Home Study Curriculum. Except for applicants for an ATP Certificate with an airplane
category and multiengine class rating, applicants may obtain ground training for the
knowledge test from pilot schools, colleges, aviation organizations, and individual flight
or ground instructors. Home study curricula are available from representatives of the
aviation industry. Students may develop an individual home study curriculum compiled
from material described in the applicable FAA airman knowledge test guide. The student,
to show evidence of a ground school or home study curriculum completion, may use any
one of the following methods:
1. A certificate of graduation from a pilot training course conducted by an
FAA-certificated pilot school, appropriate to the certificate or rating sought, or
a statement of accomplishment from the school certifying satisfactory
completion of the ground school portion of the course.
2. An endorsement from an authorized instructor who has certified that the
applicant has satisfactorily completed the ground training required for the
certificate or rating sought and is prepared for the test.
3. A certificate of graduation or statement of accomplishment from a ground
school course, appropriate to the certificate and rating sought, that was
conducted by an agency such as a high school, college, adult education
program, the Civil Air Patrol (CAP), or a Reserve Officers’ Training Corps
(ROTC) flight training program.
4. A certificate of graduation from an industry-provided aviation home study
course. The aeronautical enterprise providing the study material must develop
the certificate. The certificate of graduation must correspond to the FAA
knowledge test for the certificate or rating sought. The aeronautical enterprise
providing the course of study must also furnish a comprehensive knowledge
test, which the course provider can score as evidence that the student has
completed the course of study. The knowledge test must be sent to the course
provider for scoring. Upon satisfactory completion of the examination, a
graduation certificate signed by an authorized certificated flight instructor
(CFI) of the course provider will be provided to the student.
5. Applicants are encouraged to obtain ground training using one of the methods
described in items 1 through 4 above. An applicant who is unable to provide
any of the above documents may present an individually developed home
study course to an appropriately certificated flight or ground instructor. The
instructor will review the course materials and question the applicant to
8/27/18 AC 61-65H
4
determine that the course was completed and that the applicant does possess
the knowledge required for the certificate or rating sought. The instructor will
then complete an endorsement certifying that the applicant is prepared for the
knowledge test.
11 VERIFICATION OF IDENTITY, AGE, AND ENGLISH LANGUAGE
STANDARD. Applicants for knowledge tests and airman certificates must provide
positive proof of identification, address, age, and meet English language standards at the
time of application.
11.1 Identification. Applicants must present unexpired, official government-issued
identification that contains the applicant’s photograph and the applicant’s signature.
The applicant may present this information in more than one form of identification.
Refer to the AKT website at https://www.faa.gov/training_testing/testing/media/testing_
matrix.pdf for more information on acceptable identification.
11.2 Address. A mailing address for delivery of the applicant’s certificate may be indicated on
FAA Form 8710-1 or FAA Form 8710-11, Airman Certificate and/or Rating
Application – Sport Pilot, as appropriate. However, the residential address required for
official record purposes for a certificate must be provided to specify the airman’s actual
permanent residential street number, city, state, and ZIP code, including apartment
number, where appropriate. The airman can specify an address to be printed on the
permanent airman certificate, if different than the applicant’s current address. If the
applicant has a foreign address, the country must be stated. If a residential address does
not exist, the applicant must provide and attach to the application the geographic location
of his or her residence on a separate piece of paper and attest by signature. This can be in
the form of a map or written directions to the applicant’s physical residential address. An
applicant who resides on a boat must provide the boat dock number or vessel registration
number. If the applicant resides in a recreational vehicle (RV), the state in which the RV
is registered, the registration number, and the vehicle identification number (VIN) should
be included. The supporting paperwork is submitted as part of the applicant’s application.
11.3 Age. Applicants applying for a Student Pilot Certificate, knowledge test, and practical
test must show they meet the minimum age requirement for the certificate sought. In the
case of an applicant under the age of 18 years, the applicant’s parent or guardian may
have to accompany the applicant and identify themselves in accordance with regular
application procedures. If the parent or guardian attests to the applicant’s identity, the
parent or guardian’s photograph identification information should be placed on the
“Airman’s Identification (ID)” block of the “Attachments” section of FAA Form 8710-1,
and a remark added indicating the parent’s identification was used if the applicant is
applying for a Student Pilot Certificate. When applying to take a knowledge test,
applicants must show that they will meet the minimum age requirement for the certificate
sought within 24 calendar-months of the date of application for the knowledge test, with
the exception of those pilots applying for the ATP multiengine airplane knowledge test.
However, in accordance with § 61.35(a)(3), an applicant for the ATP multiengine
airplane knowledge test must be at least 18 years of age.
8/27/18 AC 61-65H
5
11.4 English Language Standards.
11.4.1 General. To be eligible for an FAA pilot certificate, flight instructor certificate, or ground
instructor certificate or additional rating, an applicant must be able to read, write, speak,
and understand the English language, as stated in 14 CFR for the certificate sought.
Training facilities and individuals authorized to conduct evaluations, training, testing,
checking, or certification activities all share the responsibility to ensure that all applicants
for an FAA certificate or individuals who hold FAA certificates continually demonstrate
that they meet the FAA regulatory English language eligibility requirements. If there is a
question that the applicant or certificated individual may not meet the FAA regulatory
English language eligibility requirements to obtain or hold an FAA certificate, refer to
AC 60-28 and FAA Order 8900.1, Volume 5, Chapter 14, FAA English Language
Standard for Certification Under 14 CFR Parts 61, 63, 65, and 107, for guidance.
11.4.2 Flight Review or Instrument Proficiency Check (IPC). If the pilot does not meet the FAA
Aviation English Language Standard (AELS) during a flight review or IPC, do not
endorse the pilot’s logbook or training record as complete. Provide a logbook entry for
the training received, advise the pilot, and contact the responsible Flight Standards
District Office (FSDO).
11.4.3 Student Pilot. Before accepting an application for certification, to include processing an
application for a Student Pilot Certificate or issuing an endorsement for solo operations
or a practical test, the applicant must be evaluated in accordance with the guidelines
contained in AC 60-28, Appendix A, FAA English Language Standard Evaluation.
11.4.4 Evaluators. AELS evaluators should develop multiple plans of action, as described
in AC 60-28, to conduct an FAA AELS evaluation. This will ensure that their evaluation
does not become predictable. Also, AELS evaluators must access the following
International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) language proficiency website
that provides audio of the various ICAO English language levels in order to
familiarize themselves with the ICAO English Language Proficiency (ELP) operational
levels so they can best accomplish the FAA AELS evaluation: http://cfapp.icao.int/rssta/
RSSTA.cfm.
12 PRACTICAL TESTS.
12.1 General. A practical test is conducted to evaluate the applicant’s knowledge, skill, and
management of risk for the pilot certificate and rating sought. During a practical test, the
examiner will evaluate the applicant based on oral examination and observation of
performance-based skills in accordance with the appropriate ACS or PTS. However, the
examiner may use oral testing at any time during the practical test. An examiner is
responsible for determining whether the applicant meets the standards outlined in the
objective of each required task evaluated in accordance with the appropriate ACS or PTS.
Refer to the appropriate ACS or PTS for more information.
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6
12.2 PTS Requirements. The PTS requires testing through oral or written questions and by
demonstrating piloting skills. Until these standards are replaced by the ACS, the PTS will
continue to be the standards document.
12.3 ACS Requirements. For elements associated with tasks in the ACS, similar language is
used in the objective as stated above for the PTS; however, the ACS evaluates
knowledge, risk management, and skill elements for each task. Each element uses
language to clarify whether the evaluation will be accomplished through oral or
performance evaluation.
12.4 Use of Full Flight Simulators (FFS) and Flight Training Devices (FTD). In
accordance with §§ 61.45(a) and 61.64, an FFS or FTD may be used for some or all of
the practical test as authorized through an FAA-approved testing or checking program or
curriculum. Use of an Aviation Training Device (ATD) is not authorized on a practical
test for a certificate or rating or for an aircraft type rating. Additional information on the
use of an FFS, FTD, or ATD can be found in the appropriate ACS or PTS.
12.5 Two Calendar-Months or 60 Calendar-Days. An applicant has two time limits that
apply to the certification practical test. What appears to be a conflict in the regulations
with reference to these time limits is not a conflict. Apply the time limits as written in the
regulations.
• Time Limit 60 Calendar-Days. Section 61.43(f) states that if a practical test is
discontinued, as defined in § 61.43(e), the applicant is entitled to credit for those
areas of operation that were passed, but only if the applicant complies with
§ 61.43(f)(1)–(4). The examiner or applicant may discontinue a practical test at any
time when the applicant fails one or more of the areas of operation or due to
inclement weather conditions, aircraft airworthiness, or any other safety-of-flight
concern. Section 61.43(f)(1) states that the applicant must pass “the remainder of the
practical test within the 60 calendar-day period after the date the practical test was
discontinued” to use that credit. After the 60 calendar-day period, credit no longer
applies and all areas of operation must be tested. A test may be discontinued for
failure of an area of operation or for safety of flight.
• Time Limit 2 Calendar-Months. Section 61.39(f) states that all increments,
ground/oral and flight, of practical tests must be completed within 2 calendar-months.
The increment may be because the test was discontinued for reasons stated in
§ 61.43(e), or was planned to be conducted in increments. This is a separate time limit
from the 60 calendar-day limit prescribed above that applies to credit for tasks passed.
13 LIGHT-SPORT AIRCRAFT (LSA) WITH A SINGLE SEAT.
13.1 General. In accordance with § 61.45(f), a practical test may be conducted in an LSA that
has a single seat. The FAA believes that with certain limitations, it is appropriate to allow
the practical test for a sport pilot certificate only. This provision does not allow a
practical test for a flight instructor certificate or recreational pilot certificate or higher to
be conducted in an LSA that has a single pilot seat.
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13.2 Testing From the Ground. With certain limitations, a DPE or an FAA ASI may conduct
the practical test for a sport pilot certificate in an LSA having a single seat. Refer to
§ 61.45(f) for specific provisions. The examiner must agree to conduct the test
(§ 61.45(f)(1)) and must conduct the practical test in accordance with the sport pilot PTS
or ACS, as appropriate. Knowledge of all tasks applicable to their category/class of
aircraft will be evaluated orally. The examiner must be in a position to observe the
operation of the aircraft while evaluating the proficiency of the applicant (§ 61.45(f)(2)).
13.3 Single-Seat Limitation. The limitation, “No passenger carriage and flight in a single-seat
light-sport aircraft only,” will be placed on the person’s pilot certificate per § 61.45(f)(3).
Only a DPE or an ASI is authorized to remove this limitation. The DPE or ASI can
accomplish this when the sport pilot takes a practical test in a two-place LSA and
conducts the additional tasks identified in the ACS or PTS, as appropriate. This practical
test may be conducted in the same or additional category of aircraft. Upon successful
completion of the practical test, the DPE or ASI will remove the limitation and the sport
pilot is authorized to act as pilot in command (PIC) in all categories of LSA for which the
sport pilot has an endorsement. The DPE or ASI can also remove the limitation if the
sport pilot completes the certification requirements in an aircraft with a minimum of
two places for a higher certificate or rating.
13.4 Flight Review. A sport pilot whose certificate has a single-seat limitation must complete
a flight review, as required by § 61.56. The flight review must be in an aircraft with a
minimum of two pilot stations, in which the pilot is rated, and with an authorized
instructor who is current and qualified to act as PIC.
13.5 Additional Category or Class. An instructor may perform a proficiency check for an
additional category or class in accordance with §§ 61.45(f) and 61.321 to be added to a
sport pilot certificate or higher using a single-seat LSA, provided the instructor is also a
DPE or an ASI. The instructor or ASI must agree to conduct the proficiency check in a
single-seat LSA, and must ensure that the proficiency check is conducted in accordance
with the sport pilot PTS or ACS, as appropriate, for single-seat aircraft. The instructor
will evaluate knowledge of all tasks applicable to the category or class of aircraft orally.
Those pilots seeking sport pilot privileges in a single-seat LSA must demonstrate
competency in those specific tasks identified in the appropriate ACS or PTS and any
other tasks selected by the instructor. On successful completion of the proficiency check,
the instructor or ASI will issue an endorsement with the following limitation: “No
passenger carriage and flight in a single-pilot station aircraft only (add category/class),”
limiting the pilot’s operations to a single-seat aircraft in this category and class. The
instructor must sign this endorsement with his or her flight instructor and examiner
number.
13.6 Remove Limitation. This limitation can be removed once the pilot has successfully
completed a proficiency check involving the additional tasks identified in the appropriate
ACS or PTS in a two-pilot station LSA for the specific category and class rating sought
and in accordance with § 61.321. The proficiency check must be conducted in the same
category and class of LSA. Upon successful completion of the proficiency check, the
pilot will be issued an endorsement for the LSA privilege sought.
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14 PREREQUISITES FOR PRACTICAL TESTS. Except as provided by § 61.39, each
applicant must have received an endorsement from an authorized instructor who certified
that the applicant received and logged the required flight time/training in preparation for
the practical test within 2 calendar-months preceding the month of the application and
has been found proficient to pass the practical test. If an endorsement is required, it must
also state that the applicant has satisfactory knowledge of the subject areas in which he or
she was shown to be deficient by the FAA Airman Knowledge Test Report (AKTR).
14.1 Endorsements. All applicants must have the required endorsements specified in part 61
for the aircraft category, class, and/or type rating. A graduate of a 14 CFR part 141 pilot
school who takes the certification practical test with an examiner must have the
endorsements required by § 61.39(a) to take the practical test.
14.2 Testing Following a Notice of Disapproval. All applicants who apply for retest of a
practical test after being issued a Notice of Disapproval must present another
endorsement from their instructor in accordance with §§ 61.43(f) and 61.49(a)(2). The
endorsement must state that the applicant has received the necessary training and is
prepared for the practical test. An instructor’s recommendation on FAA Form 8710-1 is
required for each retest following a Notice of Disapproval conducted for a certificate or
rating. The applicant may receive credit for those Areas of Operation that the applicant
passed, but only if the applicant passes the remainder of the practical test within the
60 calendar-day period after the date the practical test was discontinued.
14.3 Testing Following a Letter of Discontinuance. No additional endorsements are required
for an applicant to continue the practical test after being issued a Letter of
Discontinuance. The applicant is entitled to credit for those Areas of Operation that were
passed, but only if the applicant passes the remainder of the test within the
60 calendar-day period after the date the practical test was discontinued. If more than
60 calendar-days has passed, the applicant must accomplish the entire practical test.
14.4 Medical Certificate. For detail on medical requirements, refer to 14 CFR parts 61, 67
,
and 68, and AC 68-1, BasicMed.
15 STUDENT PILOT CERTIFICATION. Specific knowledge, flight proficiency, flight
experience, and endorsement requirements for the Student Pilot Certificate are located in
part 61 subpart C.
15.1 Student Pilot Certification Application and Issuance. A person may apply for a
Student Pilot Certificate with one of the following authorized individuals: a CFI, a DPE,
an FAA ASI or AST, or an Airman Certification Representative (ACR) associated with a
part 141 pilot school. The FAA Civil Aviation Registry issues all permanent Student Pilot
Certificates on high quality plastic card stock containing tamper- and counterfeit-resistant
features.
15.2 Medical Requirements. Once a Student Pilot Certificate has been issued, the pilot must
comply with the applicable medical requirements in § 61.23 when exercising student
pilot privileges. A person is not required to hold a medical certificate when exercising the
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9
privileges of a Student Pilot Certificate while seeking a sport pilot certificate with glider
or balloon privileges or while seeking a pilot certificate with a glider rating or balloon
class rating. A person exercising the privileges of a Student Pilot Certificate while
seeking a sport pilot certificate in a light sport aircraft other than a glider or balloon must
have a either a medical certificate or U.S. driver’s license. Refer to § 61.23(c)(2) for
associated driver’s license considerations. Refer to § 61.23(c)(3) for student pilot
requirements when using “BasicMed” in lieu of a medical certificate, which are
applicable when operating under the conditions and limitations set forth in § 61.113(i).
For medical certificate requirements and duration, refer to § 61.23.
15.3 Temporary Student Pilot Certificate. An applicant may obtain a temporary Student
Pilot Certificate after being vetted by the Transportation Security Administration (TSA).
This is done through the Integrated Airman Certification and Rating Application
(IACRA) if the original application was made through IACRA or directly from the FAA
Airmen Certification Branch if a paper application was submitted. An applicant may
obtain a temporary Student Pilot Certificate from an ASI or AST as an emergency field
reissuance only.
15.4 Eligibility Requirements. Additional information on the eligibility requirements for
student pilots is in § 61.83, and the general limitations for student pilots are in § 61.89. If
an applicant has a known medical issue that would require a limitation on the applicant’s
Student Pilot Certificate, the applicant should contact the responsible FSDO to ensure the
application is processed with the correct limitations.
16 ACCEPTANCE OF A STUDENT PILOT APPLICATION. Authorized individuals
may accept a person’s application for an FAA Student Pilot Certificate by utilizing the
FAA’s IACRA or the paper FAA Form 8710-1.
16.1 IACRA. Authorized individuals are encouraged to utilize IACRA for the purpose of
accepting a student pilot application. IACRA is an Internet-based certification/rating
application system that guides the user through the FAA’s application process. Access
IACRA on the Internet at https://iacra.faa.gov/iacra/. The website also contains an
instruction manual for additional assistance. Using IACRA is a quicker and more
efficient process to obtain an airman certificate than using the paper FAA Form 8710-1.
16.2 Registration Process. In order for a CFI, DPE, ACR, ASI, or AST to accept a student
pilot application, the person must be registered in IACRA in the appropriate role. On the
IACRA website, click on the “Register” link within the “Login” window. On the next
screen, select the “Appropriate Role” under the “Instructors” heading. Follow the
onscreen prompts to complete the registration. Even though the instructor is a certifying
officer, his or her signature will be reflected in the “Instructor Action” section.
17 STUDENT PILOT CERTIFICATE ELIGIBILITY. In accordance with § 61.193(b),
before processing an application for a Student Pilot Certificate, the authorized individual
must ensure the applicant meets the eligibility requirements of § 61.83 and verify the
applicant’s identity. The authorized individual should use AC 60-28 and the ICAO
website to prepare for the assessment. AC 60-28 outlines the required procedures to
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10
ensure the applicant meets the FAA AELS. The ICAO website can be found at
http://cfapp.icao.int/rssta/RSSTA.cfm. If it is determined that the applicant does not meet
the FAA standard, process the application as follows:
1. When using IACRA, answer the questions concerning the FAA AELS. The
system will recognize if the applicant has or has not met the FAA AELS and
process the application as necessary. The applicant will not be required to
mail additional paperwork to the responsible FSDO.
2. When using a paper FAA Form 8710-1, check the “Rejected Student Pilot
Application” box in the appropriate section on the last page (e.g., “Instructor
Action” section or “Designated Examiner or Airman Certification
Representative Report” section). Also check the box “Referred to FSO for
Aviation English Language Standard Determination” in “Remarks” at the
bottom of the form. Only an ASI may check the box in the FAA AELS
statement at the bottom of the last page on the application, “Does Not Meet
FAA Aviation English Language Standard.” After verifying the application is
complete, forward this application to the responsible FSDO for data entry and
processing, even if the applicant does not meet the eligibility requirements.
Find the address and contact information for the responsible FSDO at
http://www.faa.gov/about/office_org/field_offices/fsdo/.
Note: If the applicant does not meet the eligibility requirements of § 61.83,
DO NOT check the “Accepted Student Pilot Application” box. The “Accepted
Student Pilot Application” box should only be checked once it is determined the
applicant meets all eligibility requirements. Check the “Rejected Student Pilot
Application” box and continue processing the application. The terms “accepted”
and “rejected” are used to notify the Civil Aviation Registry that the applicant
meets, or may not meet, the requirements for the issuance of a Student Pilot
Certificate. If the applicant does not meet the eligibility requirements for English
language or age, the application should still be processed and mailed to the
responsible FSDO or the Civil Aviation Registry, as appropriate.
18 STUDENT PILOT APPLICATION PROCESS: IACRA. A person who meets the
eligibility requirements of a Student Pilot Certificate may register as an applicant through
IACRA, which stores FAA Form 8710-1 electronically until an authorized individual
accesses the form. An authorized individual may access FAA Form 8710-1 by searching
for the person’s unique FAA tracking number (FTN) assigned by an FAA internal system
after the person has completed the required items on the student pilot application form.
The authorized individual will verify that the applicant meets the regulatory eligibility
requirements and that the application has been completed properly. Additionally, the
authorized individual will verify the applicant’s identity and input the applicant’s photo
identification data into IACRA when prompted, according to paragraph 11. Once the
authorized individual has completed the application through IACRA, it will be
transmitted electronically to the Civil Aviation Registry for processing. The student pilot
applicant can expect the pilot certificate to arrive via the United States Postal Service
(USPS) approximately 5 weeks from the date of application submission.
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11
19 STUDENT PILOT APPLICATION PROCESS: PAPER FAA FORM 8710-1.
Applicants have the ability to apply for a Student Pilot Certificate in paper format on
FAA Form 8710-1 to ensure all applicants have the uninterrupted ability to apply for an
FAA Student Pilot Certificate.
19.1 Completion of FAA Form 8710-1. Once the authorized individual verifies that the
applicant meets the eligibility requirements of § 61.83, he or she will check the
“Accepted Student Pilot Application” box in the appropriate section. The authorized
individual will also select the “Meets Aviation English Language Standard” box in the
FAA AELS statement at the bottom of the last page of the application. Once the
authorized individual has verified that the application was completed in accordance with
the form’s instructions and Order 8900.1, Volume 5, Chapter 1, Section 3, Phases of
Certification (available at http://fsims.faa.gov/), the authorized individual will send the
completed student pilot application to their responsible FSDO for data entry.
19.2 Contact Information. Find the address and contact information for the responsible
FSDO at http://www.faa.gov/about/office_org/field_offices/fsdo/. Once the data is
captured, the FSDO will mail the application file to the Civil Aviation Registry via
first-class mail to the following address: Federal Aviation Administration, Airmen
Certification Branch (AFB-720), P.O. Box 25082, Oklahoma City, OK 73125. The FAA
notes that the submittal of a paper FAA Form 8710-1 may delay the issuance of a Student
Pilot Certificate because of mailing time to the Civil Aviation Registry. Once the Civil
Aviation Registry receives the student pilot application, the student pilot applicant can
expect the pilot certificate to arrive via the USPS approximately 5 weeks from the date of
application submission.
19.3 Documentation of Identification. CFIs accepting a person’s application for a Student
Pilot Certificate should review the person’s photograph identification presented at the
time of application to confirm it is current and valid. The flight instructor should
document the type of identification and number submitted (e.g., Virginia driver’s license
number A12345678 and expiration date xx/xx/xxxx) on the FAA Form 8710-1
“Airman’s Identification (ID)” section in accordance with the guidelines provided earlier.
20 PRE-SOLO REQUIREMENTS AND PRIVILEGES.
20.1 Student Pilot Certificate. A current paper Student Pilot Certificate will remain valid
until its expiration date or when superseded with another airman certificate. A new
Student Pilot Certificate issued on a plastic card does not have an expiration date.
However, some of the endorsements that authorize and limit a student pilot’s privileges
are valid for 90 calendar-days from the date of endorsement. Regardless of the Student
Pilot Certificate being paper or plastic, these endorsements are required to be issued in
the student pilot’s logbook to exercise solo privileges, unless the student pilot has
obtained a higher level pilot certificate. Per § 61.87(p), the authorized flight instructor
who gave the training to the student must give these endorsements.
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12
20.2 Pre-Solo Requirements. The following pre-solo requirements must be met:
1. Knowledge Test. Before being authorized to conduct a solo flight, a student
pilot must have demonstrated satisfactory aeronautical knowledge by
completion of a knowledge test. Refer to § 61.87(b).
2. Flight Training. In accordance with § 61.87(c)(1), prior to conducting a solo
flight, a student pilot must have received and logged flight training for the
maneuvers and procedures that are appropriate to the make and model of
aircraft to be flown. In accordance with § 61.87(c)(2), the student pilot must
have demonstrated satisfactory proficiency and safety, as judged by an
authorized instructor, on the maneuvers and procedures that are appropriate to
the make and model of aircraft to be flown. Refer to § 61.87(d)–(m).
3. Proficiency and Safety. Prior to conducting a solo flight, a student pilot must
have demonstrated satisfactory proficiency and safety, as judged by an
authorized instructor, on the maneuvers and procedures required by § 61.87 in
the make and model of aircraft or similar make and model of aircraft to be
flown. Refer to § 61.87(c)(2). The student must also meet the FAA English
language standard as stated in the ACS or PTS.
20.3 Ninety Calendar-Day Endorsement. A student pilot may not operate an aircraft in solo
flight unless that student pilot has received an endorsement in the student’s logbook for
the specific make and model aircraft to be flown by an authorized instructor who gave the
training within the 90 calendar-days preceding the date of the flight. Refer to § 61.87(n).
20.4 Solo at Night. A student pilot may not operate an aircraft in solo flight at night unless
that student pilot has received the training required by § 61.87(o)(1) and (2) at night and
the endorsement required by § 61.87(o)(3). That endorsement in the student’s logbook is
for the specific make and model aircraft to be flown for night solo flight. An authorized
instructor who gave the training within the 90 calendar-day period preceding the date of
the flight must make the endorsement. A student pilot seeking a sport pilot certificate is
not authorized to operate an LSA at night per § 61.89(c).
20.5 Solo Cross-Country. A student pilot who seeks solo cross-country flight privileges must
have received flight training on the maneuvers and procedures required by
§ 61.93(e)–(m), as appropriate to the make and model of aircraft for which the solo
cross-country privileges are sought. The student pilot must have demonstrated
cross-country proficiency on the appropriate maneuvers and procedures of § 61.93 to an
authorized instructor. The student pilot must have satisfactorily accomplished the
pre-solo flight maneuvers and procedures required by § 61.87 in the make and model of
aircraft or similar make and model of aircraft for which solo cross-country privileges are
sought, and the student must comply with any limitations included in the authorized
instructor’s endorsement. A student pilot must have the endorsements prescribed in
§ 61.93(c) for each cross-country flight.
20.6 Sport Pilot Privileges. A certificated pilot seeking sport pilot privileges in an aircraft in
which the pilot does not hold category and class is required to complete a flight review in
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13
accordance with § 61.56 before conducting solo operations. Under § 61.56(g), a
certificated pilot is not considered a student pilot when seeking solo privileges in a
category/class aircraft in which the pilot is not already certificated.
20.7 Endorsement for Each Solo Cross-Country. In addition to the endorsements required
by § 61.93(c)(1) and (2), for each solo cross-country flight, a student pilot must have an
endorsement from an instructor after the instructor reviews the student’s cross-country
planning. That endorsement must comply with § 61.93(c)(3). An authorized instructor
may not permit a student pilot to conduct a solo cross-country flight unless the instructor
has complied with § 61.93(d)(1)–(5). This endorsement does not need to be made by the
instructor who normally provides training to the student. However, the flight instructor
must ensure that all other required endorsements have been previously provided, such as
the endorsement required by § 61.93(c)(1) and (2) for conducting solo cross-country
flights.
20.8 Takeoffs and Landings at an Airport Within 25 Nautical Miles (NM). A flight
instructor may authorize a student to practice solo takeoffs and landings at an airport
within 25 NM (or 15 NM in the case of a Powered Parachute (PPC)) from the airport at
which the student pilot normally receives training after meeting the requirements of
§ 61.93(b)(1).
20.9 Repeated Solo Cross-Country Flights. A student pilot may be authorized to make
repeated, specific solo cross-country flights that are not greater than 50 NM from the
point of departure if the student meets the requirements of § 61.93(b)(2). The authorized
instructor should specify in the student’s logbook endorsement the conditions under
which the flights may be made.
20.10 Class B, C, and D Airspace. A student pilot who seeks a sport pilot certificate or a
recreational pilot certificate and wants to obtain privileges to operate in Class B, C, and D
airspace, at an airport located in Class B, C, or D airspace, and to, from, through, or at an
airport having an operational control tower, must receive and log ground and flight
training from an authorized instructor on the aeronautical knowledge areas listed in
§ 61.94(a) and have received a logbook endorsement in accordance with § 61.94(b). The
ground and flight training for the specific Class B, C, or D airspace must be within the
90 calendar-day period preceding the date of the flight in that airspace. The ground and
flight training for the specific airport located in Class B, C, or D airspace must be within
the 90 calendar-day period preceding the date of the flight at that airport.
20.11 Solo Flight in Class B Airspace. A student pilot may not operate an aircraft on a solo
flight in Class B airspace unless the student pilot has received both ground and flight
training from an authorized instructor on the Class B airspace area, and received the
training in the specific Class B airspace area for which solo flight is authorized. The
authorized instructor who gave the student pilot flight training has endorsed the logbook
of that student pilot, the endorsement is dated within the 90 calendar-day period
preceding the date of the flight in that Class B airspace area, and the logbook
endorsement specifies that the student pilot has received the required ground and flight
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14
training, and has been found proficient to conduct solo flight in that specific Class B
airspace area. Refer to § 61.95(a)(1)–(3).
20.12 Solo Flight To, From, or At an Airport Located Within Class B Airspace. A student
pilot may not operate an aircraft on a solo flight to, from, or at an airport located within
Class B airspace unless the student pilot has received both ground and flight training
from an instructor authorized to provide training to operate at that airport, and the flight
training was received at the specific airport for which solo flight is authorized. The
authorized instructor who gave the student pilot flight training has endorsed the logbook
of that student pilot, the endorsement is dated within the 90 calendar-day period
preceding the date of the flight at that airport, and the logbook endorsement specifies that
the student pilot has received the required ground and flight training, and has been found
proficient to conduct solo flight operations at that specific airport. Refer to
§ 61.95(b)(1)–(3).
20.13 Emergency Action. Unless there is an emergency, no student may make a solo flight
landing at any point other than the airports allowed by the endorsements provided by the
instructor in accordance with § 61.93.
21 SPORT PILOT CERTIFICATION. Specific aeronautical knowledge, flight
proficiency, aeronautical experience, and endorsement requirements for the sport pilot
certificate are located in part 61 subpart J.
1. An applicant for a sport pilot certificate must possess at least a valid Student
Pilot Certificate.
2. The flight instructor is given discretion in developing a training program to
meet the requirements of § 61.309. The rule provides the specific minimum
aeronautical knowledge requirements that the training program must meet.
3. A sport pilot certificate is issued without a specific category or class listed. A
logbook endorsement is required for each category and class of LSA a sport
pilot is qualified to fly.
4. The FAA has established a list of LSA, which is available online at
http://www.faa.gov/aircraft/gen_av/light_sport/media/ExistingModels.pdf.
5. An authorized flight instructor must supervise the training and experience
required in obtaining additional sport pilot privileges. Additional training
requirements and endorsements are established for the following additional
privileges:
• Additional category or class of LSA (§ 61.321).
• To operate an LSA in Class B, C, or D airspace, at an airport located in Class B,
C, or D airspace, or to, from, through, or at an airport having an operational
control tower (§ 61.325).
• If you hold a sport pilot certificate and you seek to operate an LSA that is an
airplane with a maximum speed in level flight with maximum continuous power
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15
(V
H
) less than or equal to 87 Knots Calibrated Airspeed (KCAS). Refer to
§ 61.327(a).
• If you hold a sport pilot certificate and you seek to operate an LSA that has a V
H
greater than 87 KCAS. Refer to § 61.327(b).
6. Any pilot exercising sport pilot privileges in an aircraft for which the pilot
does not hold category or class privileges on a higher level pilot certificate,
does not hold the appropriate medical certificate, or is seeking sport pilot
privileges, must understand and comply with all sport pilot privileges and
limitations, particularly the applicable operating limits and endorsement
requirements in part 61 subpart J. Section 61.303 establishes which operating
limits and endorsement requirements apply to the operation of an LSA,
depending on the type of certificate or rating a pilot holds and the medical
eligibility requirements the pilot meets. For example, a pilot holds a
recreational pilot certificate, but not a medical certificate, and wishes to
exercise sport pilot privileges. The pilot must comply with cross-country
requirements in § 61.101(c), even if the flight does not exceed 50 NM from
the departure airport. Refer to § 61.303. The pilot must also comply with the
additional training requirements and endorsements established in item 3
above.
7. Each pilot exercising sport pilot privileges must carry his or her logbook and
other evidence of the required endorsements from an authorized instructor on
each flight. Other evidence of the required endorsements from an authorized
instructor may be a preprinted card or record that includes the endorsements.
Refer to § 61.51(i)(3)
.
8. A recreational pilot or higher, when exercising sport pilot privileges, is
required to have an endorsement for only the category and/or class of LSA for
which he or she is not authorized to act as PIC. A sport pilot is required to
have an endorsement for the category and class aircraft in which he or she is
authorized to act as PIC.
22 RECREATIONAL PILOT CERTIFICATION. Specific aeronautical knowledge,
flight proficiency, aeronautical experience, and endorsement requirements for the
recreational pilot certificate are located in part 61 subpart D.
1. Section 61.101 contains all limitations that pertain to the recreational pilot
certificate and outlines procedures for obtaining additional certificates or
ratings. An authorized flight instructor must supervise the training and
experience required in furtherance of a higher level of certificate. Each flight
conducted by the recreational pilot under those provisions must be authorized
by the flight instructor’s endorsement in the recreational pilot’s logbook.
2. Recreational pilots may act as PIC on a flight that is in Class B, C, and D
airspace, at an airport located in Class B, C, or D airspace, and to, from,
through, or at an airport having an operational control tower after having
received the required training and endorsement in accordance with
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16
§ 61.101(d). Recreational pilots must have their logbook in their personal
possession during flight, in accordance with § 61.101(d)(3).
3. Recreational pilots who want to fly beyond 50 NM from the departure airport
where they received training must receive additional ground and flight
training on the private pilot cross-country training requirements of part 61
subpart E, must be found proficient in cross-country flying, and must receive
an instructor endorsement in accordance with § 61.101(c). Recreational pilots
must have their logbook in their personal possession when operating an
aircraft in accordance with § 61.101(c)(3).
23 PRIVATE PILOT CERTIFICATION. Specific aeronautical knowledge, flight
proficiency, aeronautical experience, and logbook endorsement requirements for the
private pilot certificate are located in part 61 subpart E.
1. An applicant for a private pilot certificate must possess at least a valid Student
Pilot Certificate, sport pilot certificate, or a recreational pilot certificate.
2. The flight instructor is given discretion in developing a flight training program
to meet the requirements of part 61 subpart E. The rule provides the specific
minimum aeronautical knowledge, flight proficiency, and aeronautical
experience requirements that the training program must meet.
3. Applicants must meet night experience requirements regardless of medical
qualification considerations. Section 61.110 lists the only exception.
4. Private pilot airplane and powered-lift applicants must also accomplish
3 hours of flight training on the control and maneuvering of the aircraft solely
by reference to instruments in the category and class of aircraft. The 3 hours
of flight training do not have to be conducted by a CFI – instrument (CFII).
5. Except in accordance with § 61.110, a person who does not meet the night
flying requirements in a gyroplane, powered parachute, or weight-shift-control
aircraft (§ 61.109(d)(2), (i)(2), or (j)(2)
) may be issued a private pilot
certificate with the limitation “Night Flying Prohibited.” This limitation may
only be removed by an authorized examiner or FAA ASI if the pilot complies
with the requirements of § 61.109(d)(2), (i)(2), or (j)(2), as appropriate.
6. Private pilots and applicants seeking a private pilot certificate must understand
and comply with all private pilot privileges and limitations, including
compensation or hire and expense sharing, in accordance with
§§ 61.113–61.117.
24 COMMERCIAL PILOT CERTIFICATION. Specific aeronautical knowledge, flight
proficiency, aeronautical experience, and endorsement requirements for the Commercial
Pilot Certificate are located in part 61 subpart F.
1. An applicant for a Commercial Pilot Certificate must hold at least a private
pilot certificate issued under part 61.This may be a standard U.S. pilot
certificate, or a § 61.75 pilot certificate that is based on a foreign pilot license
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17
or meets the requirements of § 61.73. The person may be able to apply for a
Commercial Pilot Certificate by being able to meet the requirements of
§ 61.73 (i.e., able to qualify for the Commercial Pilot Certificate under the
special rules for military pilots or former military pilots). If a person is basing
application for a Commercial Pilot Certificate on a § 61.75 pilot certificate,
the authenticity of the foreign pilot license must be verified through the
person’s foreign Civil Aviation Authority (CAA).
2. If an applicant for a Commercial Pilot Certificate with an airplane or
powered-lift category rating does not hold or concurrently obtain the
appropriate instrument rating, a limitation will be added to the applicant’s
Commercial Pilot Certificate in accordance with § 61.133(b)(1). That
limitation reads, “The carriage of passengers for hire in (airplanes)
(powered-lifts) on cross-country flights in excess of 50 nautical miles or at
night is prohibited.”
3. An applicant for an initial single-engine land or sea commercial certificate
must have 10 hours of training in a complex airplane, a turbine-powered
airplane, or a Technically Advanced Airplane (TAA) that meets the definition
described in § 61.129(j), or any combination thereof. The training must be
provided in an airplane appropriate to land or sea for the rating sought.
Additionally, the Administrator can make a determination for airplanes that
may qualify as a TAA, that otherwise do not meet the criteria as currently
described in the rule. Any requests concerning TAA qualification should be
forwarded to the FAA General Aviation and Commercial Division.
25 ATP CERTIFICATION. Specific aeronautical knowledge, flight proficiency,
aeronautical experience, and endorsement requirements for an ATP Certificate, including
a restricted privileges ATP Certificate, are located in part 61 subpart G.
25.1 An Applicant for an ATP Certificate Must Possess One of the Following:
1. A Commercial Pilot Certificate and an instrument (airplane, helicopter, or
powered-lift) rating issued under part 61;
2. A foreign ATP license or a foreign commercial pilot license and an instrument
(airplane, helicopter, or powered-lift) rating, without geographical limitations,
issued by a contracting State to the Convention on International Civil
Aviation. If applying for an ATP Certificate based on holding a foreign pilot
license and ratings, the authenticity of that foreign pilot license must be
verified through the foreign CAA; or
3. Be a military pilot or former military pilot and have met the requirements of
§ 61.73 that qualify the applicant for a Commercial Pilot Certificate with an
instrument (airplane, helicopter, or powered-lift) rating.
25.2 Instructor Recommendation. An instructor recommendation is not required, unless the
applicant has failed the practical test and is retesting. Applicants for retest must comply
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18
with the appropriate retest requirements of § 61.49. In addition, the instructor must sign
the applicant’s FAA Form 8710-1 application for the retest.
25.3 ATP Certification Training Program (CTP) (§ 61.153(e)). The ATP CTP is required
for applicants seeking an ATP Certificate with an airplane category multiengine class
rating, or an ATP Certificate issued concurrently with an airplane type rating, and is
intended to prepare the applicant to operate safely in those operations which require an
ATP Certificate by rule. All persons seeking an ATP Certificate with airplane category
multiengine class rating are required to present a graduation certificate certifying the
completion of an ATP CTP when applying for the ATP airplane multiengine class rating
knowledge test.
Note: A restricted privileges ATP Certificate allows the holder to act as second in
command (SIC) in 14 CFR part 121 operations (except flag or supplemental
operations that require three or more pilots). All applicants for a restricted
privileges ATP Certificate must meet the requirements of § 61.160 and, when
applying for the ATP multiengine airplane knowledge test, they must present a
graduation certificate certifying completion of an ATP CTP.
26 FLIGHT INSTRUCTORS OTHER THAN FLIGHT INSTRUCTORS WITH A
SPORT PILOT RATING. Specific aeronautical knowledge, flight proficiency,
aeronautical experience, and endorsement requirements for the flight instructor
certificate, other than flight instructors with a sport pilot rating, are located in part 61
subpart H. To be eligible for a flight instructor certificate, an applicant must:
1. Hold a Commercial Pilot Certificate or an ATP Certificate with an aircraft
category and class rating that is appropriate to the flight instructor rating
sought.
2. Hold an instrument rating/instrument privileges (e.g., instrument privileges, as
on an ATP Certificate the instrument privileges are conferred) on the
applicant’s pilot certificate, if the applicant is seeking a flight instructor
certificate with an airplane category, powered-lift category, or instrument
rating.
3. Have a logbook endorsement certifying that the applicant has received the
required ground and flight training and has been found competent to pass the
practical test. An instructor who meets the requirements of § 61.195(h)
must
make the endorsement for first time flight instructor applicants.
4. Have logged at least 15 hours as PIC in the category and class of aircraft that
is appropriate to the flight instructor rating sought.
26.1 Flight Instructor Certificate with Airplane or Glider Category Ratings. In
accordance with § 61.183(i), for applicants applying for a flight instructor certificate with
airplane or glider category ratings, the applicant must have received a logbook
endorsement that attests to satisfactory demonstration of instructional proficiency in stall
awareness, spin entry, spins, and spin recovery procedures in an airplane or glider, as
appropriate. This means, even if the applicant were to initially seek a flight instructor
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19
certificate with an airplane multiengine rating, the applicant would still be required to
receive a logbook endorsement that attests to satisfactory demonstration of instructional
proficiency in stall awareness, spin entry, spins, and spin recovery procedures. However,
the training would be required to be performed in an airplane, most likely a single-engine
land airplane, that is not restricted from spins.
26.2 Flight Instructor Certificate with Rotorcraft Category and Helicopter Class Rating.
For applicants applying for a flight instructor certificate with rotorcraft category and
helicopter class rating, the applicant will be required to demonstrate touchdown
autorotations. An examiner may accept, at his or her discretion, a logbook endorsement in
lieu of demonstrating the touchdown portion of these tasks during the practical test. This
logbook endorsement must be given by a current flight instructor who meets the
requirements of § 61.195(h)(2) with a rotorcraft category and helicopter class rating on
his or her flight instructor certificate that provided the training and can attest to the
applicant’s competence in these tasks. The following areas must be trained and
documented in the endorsement, as evidence of instructional knowledge relating to the
elements, common errors, performance, and correction of common errors related to
straight-in and 180-degree autorotations. The examiner may accept this logbook
endorsement at the examiner’s discretion, provided the practical test is not a retest as a
result of the applicant failing the previous practical test for deficiencies in instructional
knowledge pertaining to the elements, common errors, performance, or correction of
common errors related to straight-in or 180-degree autorotations. In this scenario, the
examiner is not authorized to accept the endorsement outlined above. The applicant must
provide a helicopter appropriate for performing autorotations if demonstration of this task
is required during the retest.
27 FLIGHT INSTRUCTORS WITH A SPORT PILOT RATING. Specific aeronautical
knowledge, flight proficiency, aeronautical experience, and endorsement requirements
for the flight instructor certificate with a sport pilot rating are located in part 61
subpart K. To be eligible for a flight instructor certificate with a sport pilot rating, an
applicant must:
1. Hold at least a sport pilot certificate with category and class ratings or
privileges, as applicable, that are appropriate to the flight instructor privileges
sought (§ 61.403).
2. Have a logbook endorsement certifying that the applicant has met the
aeronautical experience required by § 61.411 for the category and class
privileges, as applicable, that are appropriate to the flight instructor privileges
sought.
3. Have a logbook endorsement certifying that the applicant has received ground
and flight training required by § 61.409 and has been found competent to pass
the practical test. An instructor who meets the requirements of § 61.415 or
§ 61.429 must make the endorsement.
27.1 Requirements and Endorsements for Additional Privileges. An appropriately
authorized flight instructor must supervise the training and experience required to obtain
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20
additional sport pilot flight instructor privileges. Additional training requirements and
endorsements are established for the following additional privileges:
1. To provide training in an additional category or class of LSA, an applicant
must meet the training requirements and endorsements required in § 61.419.
The applicant must successfully complete a proficiency check from an
authorized instructor other than the instructor who trained him or her, and
provide a completed FAA Form 8710-11 to the authorized instructor.
2. To provide training in an additional make and model of LSA, an applicant
must have at least 5 hours of flight time in a make and model of LSA within
the same set of aircraft in which he or she provides training.
3. To provide training in an LSA with a V
H
less than or equal to 87 KCAS, an
applicant must have the endorsement specified in § 61.327(a), or be otherwise
authorized to operate an LSA with a V
H
less than or equal to 87 KCAS. The
training and endorsements are not required if you have logged flight time as
PIC of an airplane with a V
H
less than or equal to 87 KCAS prior to
April 2, 2010.
4. To provide training to operate an LSA in Class B, C, and D airspace, at an
airport located in Class B, C, or D airspace, and to, from, through, or at an
airport having an operational control tower, an applicant must have the
endorsement specified in § 61.325, or be otherwise authorized to conduct
operations in this airspace.
5. To provide training in an LSA with a V
H
greater than 87 KCAS, an applicant
must have the endorsement specified in § 61.327(b), or be otherwise
authorized to operate an LSA with a V
H
greater than 87 KCAS.
6. For those flight instructors with a sport pilot rating and single-engine airplane
privileges, who wish to provide training on control and maneuvering an
airplane solely by reference to the instruments to their students pursuing a
sport pilot rating, they must receive the 3 hours of training described in
§ 61.412 and receive an endorsement from a part 61 subpart H instructor,
qualifying them to provide that instruction.
27.2 Requirements for a Sport Pilot Rating With Airplane or Glider Category Privileges.
For applicants applying for a flight instructor certificate with sport pilot rating with
airplane or glider category privileges, the applicant must have received a logbook
endorsement that attests he or she is competent and possesses instructional proficiency in
stall awareness, spin entry, spins, and spin recovery procedures after receiving flight
training in those training areas in an airplane or glider, as appropriate, that is certificated
for spins.
1. An applicant who seeks additional category and class privileges to be added to
his or her flight instructor certificate with sport pilot rating in an airplane or
glider would be required to receive the same training and logbook
endorsement.
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21
2. The applicant would be required to perform this training in a single-engine
airplane or glider, preferably an LSA, that does not contain any restrictions
from spins.
27.3 Pre-Solo Flight Training for Single-Place Aircraft. For single-place aircraft, pre-solo
flight training must be provided in an aircraft that has two pilot stations and is of the
same category and class applicable to the certificate, rating, or privilege sought.
27.4 Requirements for a Private Pilot Certificate With a PPC or Weight-Shift-Control
Aircraft Rating. To provide ground or flight training for a private pilot certificate with a
PPC or weight-shift-control aircraft rating, an applicant must hold at least a private pilot
certificate with the applicable category and class rating, a flight instructor certificate with
a sport pilot rating or privileges, and the applicable flight instructor category and class
privileges.
27.5 Evidence of Endorsement. All flight instructors with a sport pilot rating or privileges
must carry his or her logbook or other evidence of the required authorized instructor
endorsements on all flights. Other evidence of the required authorized instructor
endorsements may be a preprinted card or record that includes the endorsements. Refer to
§ 61.51(i)(5).
28 GOLD SEAL FLIGHT INSTRUCTOR CERTIFICATES OTHER THAN FLIGHT
INSTRUCTORS WITH A SPORT PILOT RATING. Order 8900.1, Volume 5,
Chapter 2, Section 13, Issue a Gold Seal Flight Instructor Certificate, contains the
specific requirements for the Gold Seal Flight Instructor Certificate other than flight
instructors with a sport pilot rating. Flight instructor certificates bearing distinctive gold
seals are issued to flight instructors who have maintained a high level of flight training
activity and who meet special criteria. Once issued, a Gold Seal Flight Instructor
Certificate will be reissued each time the instructor’s certificate is renewed. Applicants
for Gold Seal Flight Instructor Certificates must meet the following requirements:
1. The flight instructor must hold a Commercial Pilot Certificate with an
instrument rating (glider flight instructors need not hold an instrument rating)
or an ATP Certificate;
2. The flight instructor must hold a ground instructor certificate with an
advanced or instrument ground instructor rating; and
3. The flight instructor must have accomplished the following within the
previous 24 calendar-months:
• Trained and recommended at least 10 applicants for a practical test, and at least
80 percent of the applicants passed their tests on the first attempt;
• Conducted at least 20 practical tests as a DPE, or graduation tests as chief
instructor of a part 141 approved pilot school course; or
• A combination of the above requirements. Two practical tests conducted equal the
credit given for one applicant trained and recommended for a practical test.
8/27/18 AC 61-65H
22
29 GOLD SEAL FLIGHT INSTRUCTOR CERTIFICATES WITH A SPORT PILOT
RATING. Order 8900.1, Volume 5, Chapter 2, Section 12, Administer a Practical Test
for a Title 14 CFR Part 61 Initial, Renewal, or Reinstatement for a Flight Instructor with
a Sport Pilot Rating, contains specific requirements for the Gold Seal Flight Instructor
Certificate with a sport pilot rating. Flight instructor certificates bearing distinctive gold
seals are issued to flight instructors who have maintained a high level of flight training
activity and who meet special criteria. Once issued, a Gold Seal Flight Instructor
Certificate will be reissued each time the instructor’s certificate is renewed. Applicants
for Gold Seal Flight Instructor Certificates with a sport pilot rating must meet the
following requirements:
1. The flight instructor must hold at least a sport pilot certificate;
2. The flight instructor must hold a ground instructor certificate with a basic or
advanced ground instructor rating; and
3. The flight instructor must have accomplished one of the following within the
previous 24 calendar-months:
• Trained and recommended at least 10 applicants for an original certificate with at
least 80 percent of those applicants recommended passing the practical test on the
first attempt;
• Conducted at least 20 certification practical tests as an examiner or conducted
20 certification graduation tests as a chief flight instructor for an approved pilot
school course; or
• A combination of the above requirements. Two certification practical
tests/certification graduation tests equate to one trained and recommended
applicant.
30 RENEWAL OF A FLIGHT INSTRUCTOR CERTIFICATE. The renewal
requirements for a flight instructor certificate are located in § 61.197. Renewal of a flight
instructor certificate may be accomplished at any time.
30.1 Methods for Renewal. A flight instructor certificate that has not expired may be
renewed in accordance with § 61.197(a) by:
1. Passing a practical test for one of the ratings listed on the person’s current
flight instructor certificate (§ 61.197(a)(1)(i)) or passing a practical test for an
additional flight instructor rating (§ 61.197(a)(1)(ii)).
2. Presenting to an ASI, AST, or appropriate designee the appropriate records
that verify the requirements of § 61.197(a)(2)(i) were accomplished.
3. Presenting to an ASI, AST, or appropriate designee evidence of having
graduated from an FAA-approved flight instructor refresher course (FIRC)
within the preceding 3 calendar-months (§ 61.197(a)(2)(iii)). The instructor
should present his or her FIRC graduation certificate to an ASI or AST at the
time of application for renewal.
8/27/18 AC 61-65H
23
4. Presenting to an ASI, AST, or appropriate designee a record showing that,
within the preceding 12 calendar-months from the month of application, the
flight instructor passed an official U.S. Armed Forces military instructor pilot
proficiency check. Refer to § 61.197(a)(2)(iv).
5. Presenting to an ASI, AST, or appropriate designee a record showing that,
within the preceding 24 calendar-months, the flight instructor served as a
company check pilot, chief flight instructor, or flight instructor in a 14 CFR
part 121 or 135 operation, or in a position involving the regular evaluation of
pilots (§ 61.197(a)(2)(ii)). Order 8900.1, Volume 5, Chapter 2, Section 11,
Conduct a Title 14 CFR Part 61 Flight Instructor
Initial/Reinstatement/Renewal Certification and Additional Category/Class
Ratings, subparagraph 5-504C, Section 61.197(a)(2)(ii), provides the
following examples of “a position involving the regular evaluation of pilots:”
• A PIC of a multiple pilot flightcrew aircraft under part 121 or 135,
• Corporate PICs of a multiple pilot flightcrew aircraft under 14 CFR part 125
or 133,
• U.S. military pilots who are PICs of a multiple pilot flightcrew aircraft,
• U.S. military instructor pilots and examiners who regularly evaluate pilots, and
• Flight instructors who actively instruct in part 61 schools.
Note: FAA ASIs should review evidence of the applicant’s employment, which
should clearly show that the applicant is in a position involving the regular
evaluation of pilots. ASIs also should have personal knowledge of the applicant’s
flight instructing capabilities and qualities before renewing that applicant’s flight
instructor certificate.
6. Submitting an application for renewal by mail. The procedure is described in
Order 8900.1, Volume 5, Chapter 2, Section 11, Subparagraph 5-504D,
Procedures for Processing a Flight Instructor Certification Renewal Via
U.S. Mail. Information on the notary service required when applying by mail
may be found at the U.S. Department of State (DOS) website at
https://travel.state.gov.
30.2 Length of Renewal. Provided that the certificate is renewed within 3 calendar-months
before the expiration month of a current flight instructor certificate, the renewed
certificate will be valid for an additional 24 calendar-months beyond the expiration date
shown on the current certificate.
Example 1: If a flight instructor renewal applicant’s current flight instructor
certificate expires in August, then that applicant must accomplish one of the flight
instructor renewal actions in the months of May, June, July, or August or make
application to retain the month of August as the expiration month per
§ 61.197(b)(2)(i).
8/27/18 AC 61-65H
24
Example 2: Assume a flight instructor renewal applicant has August 31, 20xx,
showing on the applicant’s current flight instructor certificate. The applicant
completes a FIRC on June 1, 20xx, and presents his or her current flight instructor
certificate, FIRC graduation certificate, and completed FAA Form 8710-1 to a
FSDO on June 1, 20xx. The flight instructor certificate is renewed with a new
expiration date of August 31, 20x2 (per § 61.197(b)(2)(ii)). The month in which
the flight instructor certificate expires is unchanged if the renewal applicant
completes the requirement(s) for renewal within the 3 calendar-months prior to
the month of expiration.
30.2.1 Renewal Outside of the 3 Calendar-Month Period. If the flight instructor certification
renewal action occurs outside the 3 calendar-month period of the expiration month on the
flight instructor certificate, the renewed flight instructor certificate will be valid for
24 calendar-months from the month the renewal requirements of § 61.197 were
accomplished. The applicant must present a FIRC graduation certificate to a FSDO
within 3 calendar-months of completion of the FIRC. The renewal action of § 61.197(a)
must be accomplished before the expiration date shown on the applicant’s flight
instructor certificate. If the applicant completes a FIRC more than 3 calendar-months
prior to the expiration month of the current flight instructor certificate, the expiration date
will be 24 calendar-months after the month the FAA Form 8710-1 application is
submitted to the FAA, provided the application is submitted within 3 calendar-months of
completion of the FIRC.
30.2.2 Determining the Expiration Date. The following examples help explain how to determine
the date from which the 24 calendar-month renewal flight instructor certificate should be
dated.
Example 1: The flight instructor completes the FIRC within the
3 calendar-months preceding the expiration date of the current certificate
and files an FAA Form 8710-1 application to renew the certificate within
3 calendar-months of the date of graduation from the FIRC. In this example, the
CFI would get a new certificate with a new expiration date of 24 calendar-months
from the date of expiration of his current certificate, as prescribed in
§ 61.197(b)(2)(ii).
Example 2: The flight instructor has a certificate with an expiration date of
August 31, 20xx. The FIRC is completed on January 5, 20xx, 7 calendar-months
before the expiration date of the current certificate. The flight instructor applies
for renewal of the certificate on April 13, 20xx, within 3 calendar-months of the
date of the FIRC graduation. The flight instructor would receive a new certificate
with an expiration date of 24 calendar-months from April 30, 20xx, or in other
words, April 30, 20x2.
Example 3: The flight instructor has a certificate with an expiration date of
August 31, 20xx. The flight instructor completes the FIRC on March 7, 20xx,
and applies for renewal of the certificate on June 2, 20xx. This is within
3 calendar-months of the date of the FIRC graduation and within
8/27/18 AC 61-65H
25
3 calendar-months of the expiration date of the current certificate. In this case,
the flight instructor would receive a new certificate with an expiration date of
24 calendar-months from the date of application, or in other words, an expiration
date of June 30, 20x2. This is because, even though the application is dated within
3 calendar-months preceding the date of expiration of his or her current
certificate, the FIRC was not completed within the 3 calendar-months preceding
the date of expiration of his or her certificate, as required by § 61.197(b)(2)(ii).
Note: If you wish to retain the month of expiration of your flight instructor
certificate, it is recommended that you complete the renewal requirements and
submit your renewal application within the 3 calendar-months prior to the month
of expiration of your certificate.
30.3 Acceptable Documentation. There have been several inquiries asking about the intent of
the phrase, “or other documentation acceptable to the Administrator,” in § 61.3(d).
During the flight instructor certification renewal process, when a FIRC graduation
certificate is used for renewal and the applicant’s flight instructor certificate is being
processed for renewal, a copy of the FIRC graduation certificate is considered
“documentation acceptable to the Administrator” until the applicant receives his or her
permanent flight instructor certificate. Another example of other “documentation
acceptable to the Administrator” is a copy of the flight instructor renewal application,
FAA Form 8710-1, that the applicant completed and signed.
30.4 Requiring a Practical Test. Regardless of what has been explained in the paragraphs
above, it should be understood that the FAA has the prerogative to require any applicant
to complete a part or the entire applicable flight instructor practical test. A practical test
may be required if there is reason to believe that it will correct some deficiency in the
applicant’s instructing abilities or it has been determined necessary to introduce new
training procedures or certification requirements.
31 EXPIRED FLIGHT INSTRUCTOR CERTIFICATE. The requirements for holders of
an expired flight instructor certificate to obtain a new certificate are located in § 61.199.
A practical test is required to reinstate an expired flight instructor certificate. A DPE or
an ASI will not reinstate expired flight instructor certificates unless the applicant passes a
practical test or the applicant meets the requirements of SFAR 100-2 or § 61.199(a)(3).
1. The holder of an expired flight instructor certificate (i.e., a flight instructor
certificate that conforms to § 61.5(c)) may exchange that certificate for a new
certificate (except for a flight instructor certificate with a sport pilot rating) by
passing one practical test, per § 61.183(h), for one of the aircraft ratings held
on that person’s expired flight instructor certificate or by passing a flight
instructor practical test for an additional rating. If the practical test is for a
flight instructor certificate with a sport pilot rating, the examiner may only
issue that rating and provide endorsements for the category and class
privileges tested.
8/27/18 AC 61-65H
26
2. Flight instructor ratings or limited flight instructor ratings on a pilot certificate
are no longer valid. To reinstate instructor privileges, the applicant must meet
all requirements for initial issuance of a flight instructor certificate.
3. Relief is available for persons supporting U.S. Armed Forces operations (refer
to SFAR 100-2). FSDOs are authorized to accept an expired flight instructor
certificate to show eligibility under § 61.197 for renewal of a flight instructor
certificate from an eligible person who meets the requirements of
SFAR 100-2. The eligible person must present the FSDO with the required
documents along with FAA Form 8710-1.
4. Military instructors can reinstate an expired flight instructor certificate if, at
the time of application, they can provide a record showing that, within the
preceding 6 calendar-months from the date of application for reinstatement,
the person has passed a U.S. Armed Forces instructor pilot or pilot examiner
proficiency check or completed a U.S. Armed Forces instructor pilot or pilot
examiner training course and received an additional aircraft rating
qualification as a military instructor pilot or pilot examiner that is appropriate
to the flight instructor rating sought (§ 61.199(a)(3)).
32 INSTRUMENT RATING. Section 61.65 contains specific aeronautical knowledge,
flight proficiency, aeronautical experience, and endorsement requirements for the
instrument rating.
33 ADDITIONAL AIRCRAFT RATINGS (OTHER THAN ATP). Specific aeronautical
knowledge, flight proficiency, and endorsement requirements for additional category,
class, or type rating (for ratings other than at the ATP level) are located in § 61.63.
33.1 Category and Class Ratings. Applicants adding a category and/or class rating to a
recreational pilot certificate or higher, other than ATP, must have instructor
recommendations and appropriate endorsements. An applicant for other than an ATP
Certificate with airplane category multiengine class rating need not take an additional
knowledge test, provided the person holds an airplane, powered-lift, rotorcraft, PPC,
weight-shift-control aircraft, or airship rating at or above the pilot certificate level sought.
An applicant must pass the required practical test appropriate to the pilot certificate for
the aircraft category and, if applicable, class rating sought. Additionally, applicants must
comply with the requirements of § 61.63, as noted below:
33.1.1 Category Ratings. Applicants must receive the training and have the aeronautical
experience required by part 61 that applies to the pilot certificate level for the category,
and if applicable, class rating sought.
33.1.2 Class Ratings. Applicants must be found competent in the knowledge areas and proficient
in the Areas of Operation for the class rating sought.
33.1.3 Type Ratings. Applicants must have the required training, logbook, or training record
endorsements, and pass the required practical test in accordance with the ATP/type rating
ACS or PTS, as appropriate. Refer to § 61.63(d).
8/27/18 AC 61-65H
27
33.2 Experimental Category and Class Rating—§ 61.31(l)(2)(iii)(B) for the Carriage of
Passengers. An applicant holding at least a recreational pilot certificate may apply for the
issuance of a category and class rating limited to a specific make and model of
experimental aircraft in accordance with the provisions of § 61.63(h), with the limitation
“Authorized Experimental Aircraft: [Category] and [Class] rating [Make] and [Model].”
The applicant is required to receive a logbook endorsement from an authorized flight
instructor who has determined that the applicant is proficient to act as PIC of the same
category, class, and make and model of experimental aircraft for which the application
was made. The 5 hours of flight experience must have been logged between
September 1, 2004, and August 31, 2005. Once the pilot complies with the provisions of
§ 61.63(h), that pilot may be issued the appropriate category and class rating limited to a
specific make and model of experimental aircraft.
33.3 Tailwheel Endorsement. Section 61.31(i) prescribes additional training required for
operating tailwheel airplanes. Some tailwheel airplanes have different configurations
such as wheels, floats, or skis. If a pilot is going to act as PIC of an aircraft configured
(equipped) with main wheels and a tailwheel, the pilot must have the training and
endorsement. If the aircraft has skis or floats in place of the wheeled landing gear, the
training cannot be accomplished and thus the endorsement is not required. The training
and endorsement required by the regulation must be done when the aircraft has a
tailwheel in the wheeled landing gear configuration. Refer to § 61.31(i)(2) for an
exception to the training and endorsement requirement.
34 ADDITIONAL CATEGORY/CLASS RATINGS AT THE ATP CERTIFICATION
LEVEL.
34.1 Specific requirements for additional category, class, or type rating (at the ATP
certification level) are located in § 61.165.
34.2 An instructor recommendation is not required, unless the applicant has failed the practical
test and this is a retest (per § 61.49). Applicants for retest must comply with the
appropriate retest requirements of § 61.49. In addition, the instructor must sign the
applicant’s FAA Form 8710-1 application for the retest. If seeking to add airplane
category and multiengine class rating to an ATP Certificate, the applicant must complete
an approved ATP CTP in accordance with § 61.156 prior to taking the required
knowledge test.
34.3 An applicant holding an ATP Certificate may apply for the issuance of an appropriate
type rating if one has been established, and experimental aircraft authorization, by make
and model, on the applicant’s pilot certificate, or a temporary letter of authorization
(LOA) issued by the Flight Standards Operations inspector, as appropriate. The applicant
may complete the appropriate aircraft type rating practical test in the subject aircraft. An
applicant may also qualify for an additional aircraft category and class rating on his or
her pilot certificate for an aircraft issued an experimental certificate in accordance with
the provisions of § 61.165(g). If the applicant is unable to meet the requirements of
§ 61.165(g), the applicant may apply in accordance with § 61.165(a)–(f), as applicable.
8/27/18 AC 61-65H
28
35 OTHER INSTRUCTOR ENDORSEMENTS. Specific requirements for knowledge,
aeronautical experience, and, as appropriate, testing for the complex airplane, high
performance airplane, tailwheel airplane, pressurized aircraft capable of operating at high
altitudes, and type specific training are found in § 61.31.
36 GROUND INSTRUCTOR CERTIFICATION. The applicability, eligibility,
privileges, and recency requirements for the ground instructor certificate are located in
part 61 subpart I.
37 AUTHORIZED INSTRUCTORS. Section 61.1 defines an “authorized instructor” as:
1. A person who holds a ground instructor certificate issued under part 61 and is
in compliance with § 61.217 when conducting ground training in accordance
with the privileges and limitations of his or her ground instructor certificate;
2. A person who holds a flight instructor certificate issued under part 61 and is in
compliance with § 61.197 when conducting ground training or flight training
in accordance with the privileges and limitations of his or her flight instructor
certificate; or
3. A person authorized by the Administrator to provide ground training or flight
training under part 61, 121, 135, or 142 when conducting ground training or
flight training in accordance with that authority.
38 ADDITIONAL TRAINING FOR GLIDERS. Specific training and authorization
requirements for ground-tow, aerotow, and self-launch procedures for gliders are located
in § 61.31(j).
38.1 Ground-Tow Procedures. Pilots who desire to act as PIC of a glider using ground-tow
procedures must have satisfactorily accomplished ground and flight training on
ground-tow procedures and operations. The pilot must have received an endorsement
from an authorized instructor who certifies in that pilot’s logbook that the pilot has been
found proficient in ground-tow procedures and operations. Refer to § 61.31(j)(1)(i).
38.2 Aerotow Procedures. Pilots who desire to act as PIC of a glider using aerotow
procedures must have satisfactorily accomplished ground and flight training on aerotow
procedures and operations. The pilot must have received an endorsement from an
authorized instructor who certifies in that pilot’s logbook that the pilot has been found
proficient in aerotow procedures and operations. Refer to § 61.31(j)(1)(ii).
38.3 Self-Launch Procedures. Pilots who desire to act as PIC of a glider using self-launch
procedures must have satisfactorily accomplished ground and flight training on
self-launch procedures and operations. The pilot must have received an endorsement
from an authorized instructor who certifies in that pilot’s logbook that the pilot has been
found proficient in self-launch procedures and operations. Refer to § 61.31(j)(1)(iii).
38.4 Glider Ratings Issued Prior to August 4, 1997. In accordance with § 61.31(j)(2), the
holder of a glider rating issued prior to August 4, 1997, is considered to be in compliance
8/27/18 AC 61-65H
29
with the training and logbook endorsement requirements of § 61.31(j) for the specific
operating privilege for which the holder is already qualified.
38.5 Weight-Shift-Control Aircraft Certification Prior to September 1, 2004. Prior to
September 1, 2004, some weight-shift-control aircraft had been issued an experimental
certificate in the glider category. In these cases only, initial pilot certification for the
issuance of at least a private pilot certificate with a glider rating limited to
weight-shift-control or glider-trike privileges was authorized. After September 1, 2004,
issuance of at least a private pilot certificate with a glider rating limited to
weight-shift-control or glider-trike privileges is no longer authorized, nor necessary, now
that there are established training and certification requirements for weight-shift-control
category aircraft under part 61.
38.6 Weight-Shift-Control Aircraft Certification after January 15, 2005. Effective
January 15, 2005, airmen who conducted their initial pilot certification in a
weight-shift-control aircraft that was certificated as an experimental aircraft in the glider
category and received a private pilot certificate or higher with a glider rating limited to
weight-shift-control or glider-trike privileges can apply using FAA Form 8710-11 at a
FSDO for a weight-shift-control category and/or class rating to be added to their airman
certificate with no further showing of competency.
39 ENHANCED FLIGHT VISION SYSTEM (EFVS). There are two types of EFVS
operations: EFVS operations to 100 feet above the touchdown zone elevation (TDZE)
and EFVS operations to touchdown and rollout. An EFVS is an installed aircraft system
which uses an electronic means to provide a display of the forward external scene
topography (the natural or manmade features of a place or region, especially in a way to
show their relative positions and elevation) through the use of imaging sensors, including
but not limited to forward-looking infrared, millimeter wave radiometry, millimeter wave
radar, or low-light level image intensification. An EFVS includes the display element,
sensors, computers and power supplies, indications, and controls. EFVS operations to
100 feet above the TDZE were enabled through 69 FR 1619, Enhanced Flight Vision
Systems, published in 2004. In 2016, the FAA amended the EFVS regulations to also
permit EFVS operations to touchdown and rollout. Additionally, 81 FR 90126, Revisions
to Operational Requirements for the Use of Enhanced Flight Vision Systems (EFVS) and
to Pilot Compartment View Requirements for Vision Systems, published in 2016,
established minimum ground and flight training requirements for pilots conducting EFVS
operations. The operating requirements for EFVS operations can be found in 14 CFR
part 91, § 91.176, and the minimum ground and flight training requirements for EFVS
operations can be found in § 61.66. Operational and training guidance for EFVS
operations can be found in AC 90-106, Enhanced Flight Vision Systems. Recommended
endorsements for the training are contained in Appendix A, Sample Endorsements.
40 AC FEEDBACK FORM. For your convenience, the AC Feedback Form is the last page
of this AC. Note any deficiencies found, clarifications needed, or suggested
improvements regarding the contents of this AC on the Feedback Form.
8/27/18 AC 61-65H
Appendix A
A-1
APPENDIX A. SAMPLE ENDORSEMENTS
CONTENTS
No. Endorsement Description ........................................................................................... Page
Prerequisites for the Practical Test Endorsement
A.1 Prerequisites for practical test: Title 14 of the Code of Federal Regulations (14 CFR)
part 61, § 61.39(a)(6)(i) and (ii) ...................................................................................... A-6
A.2 Review of deficiencies identified on airman knowledge test: § 61.39(a)(6)(iii),
as required ....................................................................................................................... A-6
Student Pilot Endorsements
A.3 Pre-solo aeronautical knowledge: § 61.87(b) ................................................................. A-6
A.4 Pre-solo flight training: § 61.87(c)(1) and (2) ................................................................ A-6
A.5 Pre-solo flight training at night: § 61.87(o) .................................................................... A-7
A.6 Solo flight (first 90 calendar-day period): § 61.87(n) ..................................................... A-7
A.7 Solo flight (each additional 90 calendar-day period): § 61.87(p) ................................... A-7
A.8 Solo takeoffs and landings at another airport within 25 nautical miles (NM):
§ 61.93(b)(1) ................................................................................................................... A-7
A.9 Solo cross-country flight: § 61.93(c)(1) and (2) ............................................................. A-7
A.10 Solo cross-country flight: § 61.93(c)(3).......................................................................... A-7
A.11 Repeated solo cross-country flights not more than 50 NM from the point of
departure: § 61.93(b)(2) .................................................................................................. A-8
A.12 Solo flight in Class B airspace: § 61.95(a) ..................................................................... A-8
A.13 Solo flight to, from, or at an airport located in Class B airspace: § 61.95(b) and
14 CFR part 91, § 91.131(b)(1) ...................................................................................... A-8
A.14 Endorsement of U.S. citizenship recommended by the Transportation Security
Administration (TSA): Title 49 of the Code of Federal Regulations (49 CFR)
§ 1552.3(h) ...................................................................................................................... A-8
Additional Student Pilot Endorsements for Students Seeking Sport or
Recreational Pilot Certificates
A.15 Solo flight in Class B, C, and D airspace: § 61.94(a) ..................................................... A-8
A.16 Solo flight to, from, or at an airport located in Class B, C, or D airspace or at an
airport having an operational control tower: §§ 61.94(a) and 91.131(b)(1) ................... A-9
Sport Pilot Endorsements
A.17 Aeronautical knowledge test: §§ 61.35(a)(1) and 61.309 ............................................... A-9
A.18 Taking flight proficiency check for different category or class of aircraft:
§§ 61.309 and 61.311 ...................................................................................................... A-9
8/27/18 AC 61-65H
Appendix A
A-2
A.19 Passing flight proficiency check for different category or class of aircraft:
§§ 61.309 and 61.311 ...................................................................................................... A-9
A.20 Taking sport pilot practical test: §§ 61.309, 61.311, and 61.313 .................................... A-9
A.21 Passing a sport pilot practical test: §§ 61.309, 61.311, and 61.313 ................................ A-9
A.22 Class B, C, or D airspace, at an airport located in Class B, C, or D airspace, or to,
from, through, or at an airport having an operational control tower: § 61.325 ............ A-10
A.23 Light-sport aircraft that has a maximum speed in level flight with maximum
continuous power (V
H
) less than or equal to 87 Knots Calibrated Airspeed
(KCAS): § 61.327 ......................................................................................................... A-10
A.24 Light-sport aircraft that has a V
H
greater than 87 KCAS: § 61.327 ............................. A-10
Recreational Pilot Endorsements
A.25 Aeronautical knowledge test: §§ 61.35(a)(1), 61.96(b)(3), and 61.97(b) ..................... A-10
A.26 Flight proficiency/practical test: §§ 61.96(b)(5), 61.98(a) and (b), and 61.99 ............. A-10
A.27 Recreational pilot to operate within 50 NM of the airport where training was
received: § 61.101(b) .................................................................................................... A-10
A.28 Recreational pilot to act as pilot in command on a flight that exceeds 50 NM of the
departure airport: § 61.101(c) ....................................................................................... A-11
A.29 Recreational pilot with less than 400 flight hours and no logged pilot in command
time within the preceding 180 days: § 61.101(g) ......................................................... A-11
A.30 Recreational pilot to conduct solo flights for the purpose of obtaining an additional
certificate or rating while under the supervision of an authorized flight instructor:
§ 61.101(j) ..................................................................................................................... A-11
A.31 Class B, C, or D airspace, at an airport located in Class B, C, or D airspace, or to,
from, through, or at an airport having an operational control tower: § 61.101(d) ........ A-11
Private Pilot Endorsements
A.32 Aeronautical knowledge test: §§ 61.35(a)(1), 61.103(d), and 61.105 .......................... A-11
A.33 Flight proficiency/practical test: §§ 61.103(f), 61.107(b), and 61.109 ......................... A-11
Commercial Pilot Endorsements
A.34 Aeronautical knowledge test: §§ 61.35(a)(1), 61.123(c), and 61.125 .......................... A-12
A.35 Flight proficiency/practical test: §§ 61.123(e), 61.127, and 61.129 ............................. A-12
Airline Transport Pilot (ATP) Endorsements
A.36 Restricted privileges ATP Certificate, Airplane Multiengine Land (AMEL) rating:
§ 61.160......................................................................................................................... A-12
A.37 ATP Certification Training Program (CTP): § 61.153(e) ............................................. A-12
8/27/18 AC 61-65H
Appendix A
A-3
Instrument Rating Endorsements
A.38 Aeronautical knowledge test: §§ 61.35(a)(1) and 61.65(a) and (b) .............................. A-12
A.39 Flight proficiency/practical test: § 61.65(a)(6) ............................................................. A-13
A.40 Prerequisites for instrument practical tests: § 61.39(a) ................................................. A-13
Flight Instructor (Other Than Flight Instructors with a Sport Pilot
Rating) Endorsements
A.41 Fundamentals of instructing knowledge test: § 61.183(d) ............................................ A-13
A.42 Flight instructor aeronautical knowledge test: § 61.183(f) ........................................... A-13
A.43 Flight instructor ground and flight proficiency/practical test: § 61.183(g) .................. A-13
A.44 Flight instructor certificate with instrument—(category/class) rating/practical test:
§§ 61.183(g), and 61.187(a) and (b)(7)......................................................................... A-14
A.45 Spin training: § 61.183(i)(1) ......................................................................................... A-14
A.46 Helicopter Touchdown Autorotation: FAA-S-8081-7, Flight Instructor Practical
Test Standards for Rotorcraft (Helicopter & Gyroplane) ............................................. A-14
Flight Instructor with a Sport Pilot Rating Endorsement
A.47 Fundamentals of instructing knowledge test: § 61.405(a)(1) ....................................... A-14
A.48 Sport pilot flight instructor aeronautical knowledge test: §§ 61.35(a)(1)
and 61.405(a) ................................................................................................................ A-14
A.49 Flight instructor flight proficiency check to provide training if a different category
or class of aircraft–(additional category/class): §§ 61.409 and 61.419 ........................ A-15
A.50 Passing the flight instructor flight proficiency check to provide training in a
different category or class of aircraft (additional category/class): §§ 61.409
and 61.419 ..................................................................................................................... A-15
A.51 Flight instructor practical test: §§ 61.409 and 61.411 .................................................. A-15
A.52 Passing the flight instructor practical test: §§ 61.409 and 61.411 ................................ A-15
A.53 Sport pilot instructor to train sport pilots on flight by reference to instruments:
§ 61.412......................................................................................................................... A-15
A.54 Spin training: § 61.405(b)(1)(ii) ................................................................................... A-16
Ground Instructor Endorsement
A.55 Ground instructor who does not meet the recent experience requirements:
§ 61.217(d) .................................................................................................................... A-16
Special Federal Aviation Regulation (SFAR) 73, Robinson R-22/R-44 Special Training
and Experience Requirements, Endorsements
A.56 R-22/R-44 awareness training: SFAR 73, section 2(a)(1) or (2) .................................. A-16
A.57 R-22 solo endorsement: SFAR 73, section 2(b)(3) ....................................................... A-16
A.58 R-22 pilot-in-command endorsement: SFAR 73, section 2(b)(1)(ii)............................ A-16
8/27/18 AC 61-65H
Appendix A
A-4
A.59 R-22 flight instructor endorsement: SFAR 73, section 2(b)(5)(iv) ............................... A-17
A.60 Flight review in an R-22 helicopter: SFAR 73, section 2(c)(1) and (3) ....................... A-17
A.61 R-44 solo endorsement: SFAR 73, section 2(b)(4) ....................................................... A-17
A.62 R-44 pilot-in-command endorsement: SFAR 73, section 2(b)(2)(ii)............................ A-17
A.63 R-44 flight instructor endorsement: SFAR 73, section 2(b)(5)(iv) ............................... A-17
A.64 Flight review in an R-44 helicopter: SFAR 73, section 2(c)(2) and (3) ....................... A-18
Additional Endorsements
A.65 Completion of a flight review: § 61.56(a) and (c) ........................................................ A-18
A.66 Completion of any phase of an FAA-sponsored Pilot Proficiency Program
(WINGS): § 61.56(e) .................................................................................................... A-18
A.67 Completion of an instrument proficiency check: § 61.57(d) ........................................ A-18
A.68 To act as pilot in command in a complex airplane: § 61.31(e) ..................................... A-18
A.69 To act as pilot in command in a high-performance airplane: § 61.31(f) ...................... A-18
A.70 To act as pilot in command in a pressurized aircraft capable of high-altitude
operations: § 61.31(g) ................................................................................................... A-19
A.71 To act as pilot in command in a tailwheel airplane: § 61.31(i) ..................................... A-19
A.72 To act as pilot in command of an aircraft in solo operations when the pilot does
not hold an appropriate category/class rating: § 61.31(d)(2) ........................................ A-19
A.73 Retesting after failure of a knowledge or practical test: § 61.49 .................................. A-19
A.74 Additional aircraft category or class rating (other than ATP): § 61.63(b) or (c) .......... A-19
A.75 Type rating only, already holds the appropriate category or class rating (other than
ATP): § 61.63(d)(2) ...................................................................................................... A-19
A.76 Type rating concurrently with an additional category or class rating (other than
ATP): § 61.63(d)(2) ...................................................................................................... A-20
A.77 Type rating only, already holds the appropriate category or class rating (at the
ATP level): § 61.157(b)(2) ........................................................................................... A-20
A.78 Type rating concurrently with an additional category or class rating (at the
ATP level): § 61.157(b)(2) ........................................................................................... A-20
A.79 Launch procedures for operating a glider: § 61.31(j) ................................................... A-20
A.80 Glider and unpowered ultralight vehicle towing experience: § 61.69(a)(5) ................. A-20
A.81 Glider and unpowered ultralight vehicle towing ground and flight: § 61.69(a)(3) ...... A-20
A.82 Review of a home study curriculum: § 61.35(a)(1) ...................................................... A-21
A.83 Experimental aircraft only—additional aircraft category or class rating (other than
ATP): § 61.63(h) ........................................................................................................... A-21
8/27/18 AC 61-65H
Appendix A
A-5
A.84 Experimental aircraft only—additional aircraft category or class rating ATP:
§ 61.65(g) ...................................................................................................................... A-21
A.85 Aeronautical experience credit—ultralight vehicles: § 61.52 ....................................... A-21
Night Vision Goggles (NVG) Operations
A.86 Endorsement required for ground training to act as pilot in command of an aircraft
using NVG: § 61.31(k)(1) ............................................................................................. A-21
A.87 Endorsement required for flight training and statement of proficiency to act as
pilot in command of an aircraft using NVG: § 61.31(k)(2) .......................................... A-22
A.88 Endorsement required to provide training for NVG operations: § 61.195(k)(7) .......... A-22
Enhanced Flight Vision System (EFVS)
A.89 Endorsement for EFVS ground training: § 61.66(a) ..................................................... A-22
A.90 Endorsement for EFVS flight training: § 61.66(b) ....................................................... A-22
A.91 Endorsement for EFVS ground and flight training: § 61.66(a) and (b) ........................ A-22
A.92 Endorsement for EFVS supplementary training: § 61.66(c) ........................................ A-23
8/27/18 AC 61-65H
Appendix A
A-6
SAMPLE ENDORSEMENTS
The following examples are recommended sample endorsements for use by authorized
instructors when endorsing logbooks, or other means found acceptable to the Administrator for
airmen applying for a knowledge or practical test, or when certifying accomplishment of
requirements for pilot operating privileges. Each endorsement must be legible and include the
instructor’s signature, date of signature, and certificated flight instructor (CFI) or certificated
ground instructor certificate number, and certificate expiration date, if applicable. Signature lines
are no longer shown for a sample endorsement except for endorsements that someone other than
a flight instructor or a ground instructor would make.
For a flight instructor: [date] /s/ J. J. Jones 987654321CFI Exp. 12-31-19
For a ground instructor: [date] /s/ J. J. Jones 987654321
PREREQUISITES FOR THE PRACTICAL TEST ENDORSEMENT
A.1 Prerequisites for practical test: Title 14 of the Code of Federal Regulations
(14 CFR) part 61, § 61.39(a)(6)(i) and (ii).
I certify that [First name, MI, Last name] has received and logged training time within
2 calendar-months preceding the month of application in preparation for the practical test
and [he or she] is prepared for the required practical test for the issuance of [applicable]
certificate.
A.2 Review of deficiencies identified on airman knowledge test: § 61.39(a)(6)(iii),
as required.
I certify that [First name, MI, Last name] has demonstrated satisfactory knowledge of the
subject areas in which [he or she] was deficient on the [applicable] airman knowledge
test.
STUDENT PILOT ENDORSEMENTS
A.3 Pre-solo aeronautical knowledge: § 61.87(b).
I certify that [First name, MI, Last name] has satisfactorily completed the pre-solo
knowledge test of § 61.87(b) for the [make and model] aircraft.
A.4 Pre-solo flight training: § 61.87(c)(1) and (2).
I certify that [First name, MI, Last name] has received and logged pre-solo flight training
for the maneuvers and procedures that are appropriate to the [make and model] aircraft. I
have determined [he or she] has demonstrated satisfactory proficiency and safety on the
maneuvers and procedures required by § 61.87 in this or similar make and model of
aircraft to be flown.
8/27/18 AC 61-65H
Appendix A
A-7
A.5 Pre-solo flight training at night: § 61.87(o). Flight training must be received within the
90 calendar-day period preceding the date of the flight.
I certify that [First name, MI, Last name] has received flight training at night on night
flying procedures that include takeoffs, approaches, landings, and go-arounds at night at
the [airport name] airport where the solo flight will be conducted; navigation training at
night in the vicinity of the [airport name] airport where the solo flight will be conducted.
This endorsement expires 90 calendar-days from the date the flight training at night was
received.
A.6 Solo flight (first 90 calendar-day period): § 61.87(n).
I certify that [First name, MI, Last name] has received the required training to qualify for
solo flying. I have determined [he or she] meets the applicable requirements of § 61.87(n)
and is proficient to make solo flights in [make and model].
A.7 Solo flight (each additional 90 calendar-day period): § 61.87(p).
I certify that [First name, MI, Last name] has received the required training to qualify for
solo flying. I have determined that [he or she] meets the applicable requirements of
§ 61.87(p) and is proficient to make solo flights in [make and model].
A.8 Solo takeoffs and landings at another airport within 25 nautical miles (NM):
§ 61.93(b)(1).
I certify that [First name, MI, Last name] has received the required training of
§ 61.93(b)(1). I have determined that [he or she] is proficient to practice solo takeoffs and
landings at [airport name]. The takeoffs and landings at [airport name] are subject to the
following conditions: [List any applicable conditions or limitations.]
A.9 Solo cross-country flight: § 61.93(c)(1) and (2).
I certify that [First name, MI, Last name] has received the required solo cross-country
training. I find [he or she] has met the applicable requirements of § 61.93, and is
proficient to make solo cross-country flights in a [make and model] aircraft, [aircraft
category].
A.10 Solo cross-country flight: § 61.93(c)(3).
I have reviewed the cross-country planning of [First name, MI, Last name]. I find the
planning and preparation to be correct to make the solo flight from [origination airport] to
[origination airport] via [route of flight] with landings at [names of the airports] in a
[make and model] aircraft on [date]. [List any applicable conditions or limitations.]
8/27/18 AC 61-65H
Appendix A
A-8
A.11 Repeated solo cross-country flights not more than 50 NM from the point of
departure: § 61.93(b)(2).
I certify that [First name, MI, Last name] has received the required training in both
directions between and at both [airport names]. I have determined that [he or she] is
proficient of § 61.93(b)(2) to conduct repeated solo cross-country flights over that route,
subject to the following conditions: [List any applicable conditions or limitations.]
A.12 Solo flight in Class B airspace: § 61.95(a).
I certify that [First name, MI, Last name] has received the required training of § 61.95(a).
I have determined [he or she] is proficient to conduct solo flights in [name of Class B]
airspace. [List any applicable conditions or limitations.]
A.13 Solo flight to, from, or at an airport located in Class B airspace: § 61.95(b) and
14 CFR part 91, § 91.131(b)(1).
I certify that [First name, MI, Last name] has received the required training of
§ 61.95(b)(1). I have determined that [he or she] is proficient to conduct solo flight
operations at [name of airport]. [List any applicable conditions or limitations.]
A.14 Endorsement of U.S. citizenship recommended by the Transportation Security
Administration (TSA): Title 49 of the Code of Federal Regulations (49 CFR)
§ 1552.3(h). The flight instructor must keep a copy of the documents used to provide
proof of citizenship for 5 years or make the following endorsement in the student’s
logbook and the instructor’s logbook or other record used to record flight student
endorsements with the following:
I certify that [First name, MI, Last name] has presented me a [type of document
presented, such as a U.S. birth certificate or U.S. passport, and the relevant control or
sequential number on the document, if any] establishing that [he or she] is a U.S. citizen
or national in accordance with 49 CFR § 1552.3(h).
ADDITIONAL STUDENT PILOT ENDORSEMENTS FOR STUDENTS SEEKING
SPORT OR RECREATIONAL PILOT CERTIFICATES
A.15 Solo flight in Class B, C, and D airspace: § 61.94(a)
.
I certify that [First name, MI, Last name] has received the required training of § 61.94(a).
I have determined [he or she] is proficient to conduct solo flights in [name of Class B, C,
or D] airspace and authorized to operate to, from through and at [name of airport].
[List any applicable conditions or limitations.]
8/27/18 AC 61-65H
Appendix A
A-9
A.16 Solo flight to, from, or at an airport located in Class B, C, or D airspace or at an
airport having an operational control tower: §§ 61.94(a) and 91.131(b)(1).
I certify that [First name, MI, Last name] has received the required training of
§ 61.94(a)(1). I have determined that [he or she] is proficient to conduct solo flight
operations at [name of airport located in Class B, C, or D airspace or an airport having an
operational control tower]. [List any applicable conditions or limitations.]
SPORT PILOT ENDORSEMENTS
A.17 Aeronautical knowledge test: §§ 61.35(a)(1) and 61.309.
I certify that [First name, MI, Last name] has received the required aeronautical
knowledge training of § 61.309. I have determined that [he or she] is prepared for the
[name of] knowledge test.
A.18 Taking flight proficiency check for different category or class of aircraft: §§ 61.309
and 61.311.
I certify that [First name, MI, Last name] has received the required training required in
accordance with §§ 61.309 and 61.311 and have determined that [he or she] is prepared
for the [name of] proficiency check.
A.19 Passing flight proficiency check for different category or class of aircraft: §§ 61.309
and 61.311.
I certify that [First name, MI, Last name] has met the requirements of §§ 61.309 and
61.311 and I have determined [him or her] proficient to act as pilot in command of
[category and class] of light-sport aircraft.
A.20 Taking sport pilot practical test: §§ 61.309, 61.311, and 61.313.
I certify that [First name, MI, Last name] has received the training required in accordance
with §§ 61.309 and 61.311 and met the aeronautical experience requirements of § 61.313.
I have determined that [he or she] is prepared for the [type of] practical test.
Note: The endorsement for a practical test is required in addition to the § 61.39
endorsements provided in endorsements 1 and 2 (see paragraphs A.1 and A.2).
A.21 Passing a sport pilot practical test: §§ 61.309, 61.311, and 61.313. This endorsement is
required by § 61.317 and is issued by a Sport Pilot Examiner (SPE).
I certify that [First name, MI, Last name] has met the requirements of §§ 61.309, 61.311,
and 61.313, and I have determined [him or her] proficient to act as pilot in command of
[category and class of] light-sport aircraft.
/s/ [date] S. P. Examiner 987654321 Exp. 12-31-19
8/27/18 AC 61-65H
Appendix A
A-10
A.22 Class B, C, or D airspace, at an airport located in Class B, C, or D airspace, or to,
from, through, or at an airport having an operational control tower: § 61.325.
I certify that [First name, MI, Last name] has received the required training of § 61.325.
I have determined [he or she] is proficient to conduct operations in Class B, C, or D
airspace, at an airport located in Class B, C, or D airspace, or to, from, through, or at an
airport having an operational control tower.
A.23 Light-sport aircraft that has a maximum speed in level flight with maximum
continuous power (V
H
) less than or equal to 87 Knots Calibrated Airspeed (KCAS):
§ 61.327.
I certify that [First name, MI, Last name] has received the required training required in
accordance with § 61.327(a) in a [make and model] aircraft. I have determined [him or
her] proficient to act as pilot in command of a light-sport aircraft that has a V
H
less than
or equal to 87 KCAS.
A.24 Light-sport aircraft that has a V
H
greater than 87 KCAS: § 61.327.
I certify that [First name, MI, Last name] has received the required training required in
accordance with § 61.327(b) in a [make and model] aircraft. I have determined [him or
her] proficient to act as pilot in command of a light-sport aircraft that has a V
H
greater
than 87 KCAS.
RECREATIONAL PILOT ENDORSEMENTS
A.25 Aeronautical knowledge test: §§ 61.35(a)(1), 61.96(b)(3), and 61.97(b).
I certify that [First name, MI, Last name] has received the required training of § 61.97(b).
I have determined that [he or she] is prepared for the [name of] knowledge test.
A.26 Flight proficiency/practical test: §§ 61.96(b)(5), 61.98(a) and (b), and 61.99. The
endorsement for a practical test is required in addition to the § 61.39 endorsements
provided in paragraphs A.1 and A.2.
I certify that [First name, MI, Last name] has received the required training of
§§ 61.98(b) and 61.99. I have determined that [he or she] is prepared for the [name of]
practical test.
A.27 Recreational pilot to operate within 50 NM of the airport where training was
received: § 61.101(b).
I certify that [First name, MI, Last name] has received the required training of
§ 61.101(b). I have determined that [he or she] is competent to operate at the [name of
airport].
8/27/18 AC 61-65H
Appendix A
A-11
A.28 Recreational pilot to act as pilot in command on a flight that exceeds 50 NM of the
departure airport: § 61.101(c).
I certify that [First name, MI, Last name] has received the required cross-country training
of § 61.101(c). I have determined that [he or she] is proficient in cross-country flying of
part 61 subpart E.
A.29 Recreational pilot with less than 400 flight hours and no logged pilot in command
time within the preceding 180 calendar-days: § 61.101(g).
I certify that [First name, MI, Last name] has received the required 180-day recurrent
training of § 61.101(g) in a [make and model] aircraft. I have determined [him or her]
proficient to act as pilot in command of that aircraft.
A.30 Recreational pilot to conduct solo flights for the purpose of obtaining an additional
certificate or rating while under the supervision of an authorized flight instructor:
§ 61.101(j).
I certify that [First name, MI, Last name] has received the required training of § 61.87 in
a [make and model] aircraft. I have determined [he or she] is prepared to conduct a solo
flight on [date] under the following conditions: [List all conditions which require
endorsement (e.g., flight which requires communication with air traffic control, flight in
an aircraft for which the pilot does not hold a category/class rating, etc.).]
A.31 Class B, C, or D airspace, at an airport located in Class B, C, or D airspace, or to,
from, through, or at an airport having an operational control tower: § 61.101(d).
I certify that [First name, MI, Last name] has received the required training of
§ 61.101(d). I have determined [he or she] is proficient to conduct operations in Class B,
C, or D airspace, at an airport located in Class B, C, or D airspace, or to, from, through,
or at an airport having an operational control tower.
PRIVATE PILOT ENDORSEMENTS
A.32 Aeronautical knowledge test: §§ 61.35(a)(1), 61.103(d), and 61.105.
I certify that [First name, MI, Last name] has received the required training in accordance
with § 61.105. I have determined [he or she] is prepared for the [name of] knowledge
test.
A.33 Flight proficiency/practical test: §§ 61.103(f), 61.107(b), and 61.109. The endorsement
for a practical test is required in addition to the § 61.39 endorsements provided in
paragraphs A.1 and A.2.
I certify that [First name, MI, Last name] has received the required training in accordance
with §§ 61.107 and 61.109. I have determined [he or she] is prepared for the [name of]
practical test.
8/27/18 AC 61-65H
Appendix A
A-12
COMMERCIAL PILOT ENDORSEMENTS
A.34 Aeronautical knowledge test: §§ 61.35(a)(1), 61.123(c), and 61.125.
I certify that [First name, MI, Last name] has received the required training of § 61.125.
I have determined that [he or she] is prepared for the [name of] knowledge test.
A.35 Flight proficiency/practical test: §§ 61.123(e), 61.127, and 61.129. The endorsement
for a practical test is required in addition to the § 61.39 endorsements provided in
paragraphs A.1 and A.2.
I certify that [First name, MI, Last name] has received the required training of §§ 61.127
and 61.129. I have determined that [he or she] is prepared for the [name of] practical test.
AIRLINE TRANSPORT PILOT (ATP) ENDORSEMENTS
A.36 Restricted privileges ATP Certificate, Airplane Multiengine Land (AMEL) rating:
§ 61.160. This certifying statement can only be provided by an authorized institution of
higher education in accordance with its letter of authorization (LOA). Refer to
AC 61-139, Institution of Higher Education’s Application for Authority to Certify its
Graduates for an Airline Transport Pilot Certificate with Reduced Aeronautical
Experience.
The [insert institution’s name] certifies that the recipient of this degree has successfully
completed all of the aviation coursework requirements of § 61.160[(b), (c), or (d)] and
therefore meets the academic eligibility requirements of § 61.160[(b), (c), or (d)].
A.37 ATP Certification Training Program (CTP): § 61.153(e). This endorsement is only
provided by an approved training provider of an ATP CTP and is found on the graduation
certificate a pilot receives following completion of that training in accordance with
§ 61.156. Refer to AC 61-138, Airline Transport Pilot Certification Training Program.
The applicant named above has successfully completed the Airline Transport Pilot
Certification Training Program as required by § 61.156, and therefore has met the
prerequisite required by § 61.35(a)(2) for the Airline Transport Pilot Multiengine
Airplane Knowledge Test.
INSTRUMENT RATING ENDORSEMENTS
A.38 Aeronautical knowledge test: §§ 61.35(a)(1) and 61.65(a) and (b).
I certify that [First name, MI, Last name] has received the required training of § 61.65(b).
I have determined that [he or she] is prepared for the Instrument–[airplane, helicopter, or
powered-lift] knowledge test.
8/27/18 AC 61-65H
Appendix A
A-13
A.39 Flight proficiency/practical test: § 61.65(a)(6).
I certify that [First name, MI, Last name] has received the required training of § 61.65(c)
and (d). I have determined [he or she] is prepared for the Instrument–[airplane,
helicopter, or powered-lift] practical test.
A.40 Prerequisites for instrument practical tests: § 61.39(a).
I certify that [First name, MI, Last name] has received and logged the required flight
time/training of § 61.39(a) in preparation for the practical test within 2 calendar-months
preceding the date of the test and has satisfactory knowledge of the subject areas in which
[he or she] was shown to be deficient by the FAA Airman Knowledge Test Report. I have
determined [he or she] is prepared for the Instrument–[airplane, helicopter, or powered
lift] practical test.
FLIGHT INSTRUCTOR (OTHER THAN FLIGHT INSTRUCTORS WITH A SPORT
PILOT RATING) ENDORSEMENTS
A.41 Fundamentals of instructing knowledge test: § 61.183(d).
I certify that [First name, MI, Last name] has received the required fundamentals of
instruction training of § 61.185(a)(1). I have determined that [he or she] is prepared for
the Fundamentals of Instructing knowledge test.
A.42 Flight instructor aeronautical knowledge test: § 61.183(f).
I certify that [First name, MI, Last name] has received the required training of
§ 61.185(a)[(2) or (3) (as appropriate to the flight instructor rating sought)]. I have
determined that [he or she] is prepared for the [name of] knowledge test.
A.43 Flight instructor ground and flight proficiency/practical test: § 61.183(g).
I certify that [First name, MI, Last name] has received the required training of
§ 61.187(b). I have determined that [he or she] is prepared for the CFI – [aircraft category
and class] practical test.
Note: The endorsement for a practical test is required in addition to the § 61.39
endorsements provided in endorsements 1 and 2 (see paragraphs A.1 and A.2).
8/27/18 AC 61-65H
Appendix A
A-14
A.44 Flight instructor certificate with instrument—(category/class) rating/practical test:
§§ 61.183(g), and 61.187(a) and (b)(7). The endorsement for a practical test is required
in addition to the § 61.39 endorsements provided in endorsements 1 and 2 (see
paragraphs A.1 and A.2).
I certify that [First name, MI, Last name] has received the required certificated flight
instructor – instrument training of § 61.187(b)(7). I have determined [he or she] is
prepared for the certificated flight instructor – instrument – [airplane, helicopter, or
powered-lift] practical test.
A.45 Spin training: § 61.183(i)(1). The spin training endorsement is only required of flight
instructor airplane and flight instructor glider applicants.
I certify that [First name, MI, Last name] has received the required training of § 61.183(i)
in [an airplane, a glider]. I have determined that [he or she] is competent and possesses
instructional proficiency in stall awareness, spin entry, spins, and spin recovery
procedures.
A.46 Helicopter Touchdown Autorotation: FAA-S-8081-7, Flight Instructor Practical
Test Standards for Rotorcraft (Helicopter & Gyroplane).
I certify that [First name, MI, Last name] has received training in straight-in and
180-degree autorotations to include touchdown. I have determined that [he or she] is
competent in instructional knowledge relating to the elements, common errors,
performance, and correction of common errors related to straight-in and 180-degree
autorotations.
FLIGHT INSTRUCTOR WITH A SPORT PILOT RATING ENDORSEMENT
A.47 Fundamentals of instructing knowledge test: § 61.405(a)(1).
I certify that [First name, MI, Last name] has received the required training in accordance
with § 61.405(a)(1). I have determined that [he or she] is prepared for the Fundamentals
of Instructing Knowledge Test.
A.48 Sport pilot flight instructor aeronautical knowledge test: §§ 61.35(a)(1) and
61.405(a).
I certify that [First name, MI, Last name] has received the required training of
§ 61.405(a)(2). I have determined that [he or she] is prepared for the [name of the
knowledge test].
8/27/18 AC 61-65H
Appendix A
A-15
A.49 Flight instructor flight proficiency check to provide training if a different category
or class of aircraft–(additional category/class): §§ 61.409 and 61.419.
I certify that [First name, MI, Last name] has received the required training in accordance
with §§ 61.409 and 61.419 and have determined that [he or she] is prepared for a
proficiency check for the flight instructor with a sport pilot rating in a [aircraft category
and class].
A.50 Passing the flight instructor flight proficiency check to provide training in a
different category or class of aircraft (additional category/class): §§ 61.409
and 61.419.
I certify that [First name, MI, Last name] has met the requirements in accordance with
§§ 61.409 and 61.419. I have determined that [he or she] is proficient and authorized for
the additional [aircraft category and class] flight instructor privilege.
A.51 Flight instructor practical test: §§ 61.409 and 61.411. This endorsement is required in
addition to the § 61.39 endorsements provided in paragraphs A.1 and A.2.
I certify that [First name, MI, Last name] has received the required training of § 61.409
and met the aeronautical experience requirements of § 61.411. I have determined that [he
or she] is prepared for the flight instructor with a sport pilot rating practical test in a
[aircraft category and class].
/s/ [date] S. P. Examiner 987654321 Exp. 12-31-19
A.52 Passing the flight instructor practical test: §§ 61.409 and 61.411. This endorsement is
required by § 61.417
and is issued by a Designated Pilot Examiner (DPE).
I certify that [First name, MI, Last name] has met the requirements in accordance with
§§ 61.409 and 61.411. I have determined that [he or she] is proficient and authorized for
the [aircraft category and class] flight instructor privilege.
/s/ [date] S. P. Examiner 987654321 Exp. 12-31-19
A.53 Sport pilot instructor to train sport pilots on flight by reference to instruments:
§ 61.412. This endorsement from an instructor certificated under part 61 subpart H to a
flight instructor with a sport pilot rating (part 61 subpart K) authorizes the part 61
subpart K instructor to train sport pilot candidates on control and maneuvering an
airplane solely by reference to the instruments.
I certify that I have given [First name, MI, Last name] 3 hours of flight training and
1 hour of ground instruction specific to providing flight training on control and
maneuvering an airplane solely by reference to the instruments in accordance with
§ 61.412. I have determined that [he or she] is proficient and authorized to provide
training on control and maneuvering an airplane solely by reference to the flight
instruments to this instructor’s sport pilot candidate, who intends to operate an LSA
airplane with a V
H
greater than 87 KCAS on a cross-country flight.
/s/ [date] Subpart H Instructor 987654321 Exp. 12-31-19
8/27/18 AC 61-65H
Appendix A
A-16
A.54 Spin training: § 61.405(b)(1)(ii). This spin training endorsement is only required for
flight instructor airplane and flight instructor glider applicants.
I certify that [First name, MI, Last name] has received the required training of
§ 61.405(b)(1)(ii). I have determined that [he or she] is competent and possesses
instructional proficiency in stall awareness, spin entry, spins, and spin recovery
procedures.
GROUND INSTRUCTOR ENDORSEMENT
A.55 Ground instructor who does not meet the recent experience requirements:
§ 61.217(d). This endorsement is issued by an authorized instructor (ground or flight) as
defined in § 61.1(b).
I certify that [First name, MI, Last name] has demonstrated knowledge in the subject
areas prescribed for a (basic, advanced, instrument) ground instructor under
§ 61.213(a)(3) and (a)(4), as appropriate.
SPECIAL FEDERAL AVIATION REGULATION (SFAR) 73, ROBINSON R-22/R-44
SPECIAL TRAINING AND EXPERIENCE REQUIREMENTS, ENDORSEMENTS
A.56 R-22/R-44 awareness training: SFAR 73, section 2(a)(1) or (2).
I certify that [First name, MI, Last name, Pilot Certificate No. _____] has received the
Awareness Training required by SFAR 73, section 2(a)(3)(i–v).
A.57 R-22 solo endorsement: SFAR 73, section 2(b)(3).
I certify that [First name, MI, Last name, Pilot Certificate No. _____] meets the
experience requirements of SFAR 73, section 2(b)(3) and has been given training
specified by SFAR 73, section 2(b)(3)(i–iv). [He or She] has been found proficient to
solo the R-22 helicopter.
A.58 R-22 pilot-in-command endorsement: SFAR 73, section 2(b)(1)(ii).
I certify that [First name, MI, Last name, Pilot Certificate No. _____] has been given
training specified by SFAR 73, section 2(b)(1)(ii)(A–D) for Robinson R-22 helicopters
and is proficient to act as pilot in command. An annual flight review must be completed
by [date 12 calendar-months after date of this endorsement] unless the requirements of
SFAR 73, section 2(b)(1)(i) are met.
8/27/18 AC 61-65H
Appendix A
A-17
A.59 R-22 flight instructor endorsement: SFAR 73, section 2(b)(5)(iv). This endorsement
may only be issued by an FAA aviation safety inspector (ASI) or authorized designated
examiner per SFAR 73, section 2(b)(5)(iv).
I certify that [First name, MI, Last name], holder of CFI Certificate No. [_____], meets
the experience requirements, and has completed the flight training specified by SFAR 73,
section 2(b)(5)(i–ii) and (iii)(A–D), and has demonstrated an ability to provide instruction
on the general subject areas of SFAR 73, section 2(a)(3) and the flight training identified
in SFAR 73, section 2(b)(5)(iii) in a Robinson R-22 helicopter.
/s/ [date] J. J. Jones DPE Designation Number, Exp. 12-31-19; or
/s/ [date] I. M. Inspector FAA Aviation Safety Inspector
A.60 Flight review in an R-22 helicopter: SFAR 73, section 2(c)(1) and (3).
I certify that [First name, MI, Last name, Pilot Certificate No. _____] has satisfactorily
completed the flight review in an R-22 required by § 61.56 and SFAR 73, section 2(c)(1)
and (3), on [date of flight review].
A.61 R-44 solo endorsement: SFAR 73, section 2(b)(4).
I certify that [First name, MI, Last name, Pilot Certificate No. _____] meets the
experience requirements of SFAR 73, section 2(b)(4) and has been given training
specified by SFAR 73, section 2(b)(4)(i–iv). [He or She] has been found proficient to
solo the R-44 helicopter.
A.62 R-44 pilot-in-command endorsement: SFAR 73, section 2(b)(2)(ii).
I certify that [First name, MI, Last name, Pilot Certificate No. _____] has been given
training specified by SFAR 73, section 2(b)(2)(ii)(A–D) for Robinson R-44 helicopters
and is proficient to act as pilot in command. An annual flight review must be completed
by [date 12 calendar-months after date of this endorsement] unless the requirements of
SFAR 73, section 2(b)(2)(i) are met.
A.63 R-44 flight instructor endorsement: SFAR 73, section 2(b)(5)(iv). This endorsement
may only be issued by an FAA ASI or authorized DPE per SFAR 73, section 2(b)(5)(iv).
I certify that [First name, MI, Last name], holder of CFI Certificate No. [_____], meets
the experience requirements and has completed the flight training specified by SFAR 73,
section 2(b)(5)(i–ii) and (iii)(A–D), and has demonstrated an ability to provide instruction
on the general subject areas of SFAR 73, section 2(a)(3) and the flight training identified
in SFAR 73, section 2(b)(5)(iii) in a Robinson R-44 helicopter.
/s/ [date] J. J. Jones DPE Designation Number, Exp. 12-31-19; or
/s/ [date] I. M. Inspector FAA Aviation Safety Inspector
8/27/18 AC 61-65H
Appendix A
A-18
A.64 Flight review in an R-44 helicopter: SFAR 73, section 2(c)(2) and (3).
I certify that [First name, MI, Last name, Pilot Certificate No. _____] has satisfactorily
completed the flight review in an R-44 required by 14 CFR, § 61.56 and SFAR 73,
section 2(c)(2) and (3), on [date of flight review].
ADDITIONAL ENDORSEMENTS
A.65 Completion of a flight review: § 61.56(a) and (c). No logbook entry reflecting
unsatisfactory performance on a flight review is required.
I certify that [First name, MI, Last name], [grade of pilot certificate], [certificate number],
has satisfactorily completed a flight review of § 61.56(a) on [date].
A.66 Completion of any phase of an FAA-sponsored Pilot Proficiency Program
(WINGS): § 61.56(e).
I certify that [First name, MI, Last name], [grade of pilot certificate], [certificate number],
has satisfactorily completed Level: [Basic/Advanced/Master, as appropriate],
PHASE NO. [..] OF A WINGS PROGRAM ON [DATE].
A.67 Completion of an instrument proficiency check: § 61.57(d). No logbook entry
reflecting unsatisfactory performance on an instrument proficiency check is required.
I certify that [First name, MI, Last name], [grade of pilot certificate], [certificate number],
has satisfactorily completed the instrument proficiency check of § 61.57(d) in a [make
and model] aircraft on [date].
A.68 To act as pilot in command in a complex airplane: § 61.31(e)
.
I certify that [First name, MI, Last name], [grade of pilot certificate], [certificate number],
has received the required training of § 61.31(e) in a [make and model] complex airplane.
I have determined that [he or she] is proficient in the operation and systems of a complex
airplane.
A.69 To act as pilot in command in a high-performance airplane: § 61.31(f).
I certify that [First name, MI, Last name], [grade of pilot certificate], [certificate number],
has received the required training of § 61.31(f) in a [make and model] high performance
airplane. I have determined that [he or she] is proficient in the operation and systems of a
high-performance airplane.
8/27/18 AC 61-65H
Appendix A
A-19
A.70 To act as pilot in command in a pressurized aircraft capable of high-altitude
operations: § 61.31(g).
I certify that [First name, MI, Last name], [grade of pilot certificate], [certificate number],
has received the required training of § 61.31(g) in a [make and model] pressurized
aircraft. I have determined that [he or she] is proficient in the operation and systems of a
pressurized aircraft.
A.71 To act as pilot in command in a tailwheel airplane: § 61.31(i). This endorsement may
be given in a sport pilot aircraft by a sport pilot instructor, or in an airplane by a flight
instructor with a rating other than a sport pilot rating.
I certify that [First name, MI, Last name], [grade of pilot certificate], [certificate number],
has received the required training of § 61.31(i) in a [make and model] of tailwheel
airplane. I have determined that [he or she] is proficient in the operation of a tailwheel
airplane.
A.72 To act as pilot in command of an aircraft in solo operations when the pilot does not
hold an appropriate category/class rating: § 61.31(d)(2).
I certify that [First name, MI, Last name] has received the training as required by
§ 61.31(d)(2) to serve as a pilot in command in a [specific category and class] of aircraft.
I have determined that [he or she] is prepared to solo that [make and model] aircraft.
Limitations: [optional].
A.73 Retesting after failure of a knowledge or practical test: § 61.49. In the case of a failed
knowledge test, the instructor may complete the endorsement in the space provided at the
bottom of the applicant’s Airman Knowledge Test Report (AKTR). The instructor must
sign the block provided for the instructor’s recommendation on the reverse side of
FAA Form 8710-1, Airman Certificate and/or Rating Application, for each retake of a
practical test.
I certify that [First name, MI, Last name] has received the additional [flight and/or
ground, as appropriate] training as required by § 61.49. I have determined that [he or she]
is proficient to pass the [name of] knowledge/practical test.
A.74 Additional aircraft category or class rating (other than ATP): § 61.63(b) or (c).
I certify that [First name, MI, Last name], [grade of pilot certificate], [certificate number],
has received the required training for an additional [aircraft category/class rating]. I have
determined that [he or she] is prepared for the [name of] practical test for the addition of
a [name of] [specific aircraft category/class/type] type rating.
A.75 Type rating only, already holds the appropriate category or class rating (other than
ATP): § 61.63(d)(2).
I certify that [First name, MI, Last name] has received the required training of
§ 61.63(d)(2) for an addition of a [name of] type rating.
8/27/18 AC 61-65H
Appendix A
A-20
A.76 Type rating concurrently with an additional category or class rating (other than
ATP): § 61.63(d)(2).
I certify that [First name, MI, Last name] has received the required training of
§ 61.63(d)(2) for an addition of a [name of] [specific category/class/type] type rating.
I have determined that [he or she] is prepared for the [name of] practical test for the
addition of a [name of] [specific aircraft category/class/type] type rating.
A.77 Type rating only, already holds the appropriate category or class rating (at the
ATP level): § 61.157(b)(2).
I certify that [First name, MI, Last name] has received the required training of
§ 61.157(b)(2) for an addition of a [name of] type rating.
A.78 Type rating concurrently with an additional category or class rating (at the
ATP level): § 61.157(b)(2).
I certify that [First name, MI, Last name] has received the required training of
§ 61.157(b)(2) for an addition of a [name of the specific category/class/type] type rating.
A.79 Launch procedures for operating a glider: § 61.31(j).
I certify that [First name, MI, Last name], [grade of pilot certificate], [certificate number],
has received the required training in a glider [make and model] for [ground-tow, aerotow,
self-launch] procedure. I have determined that [he or she] is proficient in [ground-tow,
aerotow, self-launch] procedure.
A.80 Glider and unpowered ultralight vehicle towing experience: § 61.69(a)(5). This
endorsement is made by the pilot who is qualified per § 61.69(c) and (d) and who
conducted the flights. This endorsement does not have to be made by a flight instructor.
I certify that [First name, MI, Last name], [grade of pilot certificate], [certificate number],
has accomplished at least three flights in an aircraft while towing [a glider or unpowered
ultralight vehicle, or while simulating towing flight procedures, as applicable].
/s/ [date] J. J. Jones 987654321
A.81 Glider and unpowered ultralight vehicle towing ground and flight: § 61.69(a)(3).
I certify that [First name, MI, Last name], [grade of pilot certificate], [certificate number],
has received the required ground and flight training in [a glider or unpowered ultralight
vehicle, as applicable]. I have determined that [he or she] is proficient in the techniques
and procedures essential to the safe towing of [gliders or unpowered vehicles, as
applicable] including airspeed limitations; emergency procedures; signals used; and
maximum angles of bank.
8/27/18 AC 61-65H
Appendix A
A-21
A.82 Review of a home study curriculum: § 61.35(a)(1).
I certify I have reviewed the home study curriculum of [First name, MI, Last name].
I have determined that [he or she] is prepared for the [name of] knowledge test.
Note: This endorsement cannot be used for the ATP Airplane Multiengine
Knowledge Test.
A.83 Experimental aircraft only—additional aircraft category or class rating (other than
ATP): § 61.63(h).
I certify that [First name, MI, Last name], [grade of pilot certificate], [certificate number],
as required by § 61.63(h), is proficient to act as pilot in command in a [category, class,
make, and model] of experimental aircraft and has logged at least 5 hours flight time
logged between September 1, 2004, and August 31, 2005, while acting as pilot in
command in [aircraft category/class rating and make and model] that has been issued an
experimental certificate.
A.84 Experimental aircraft only—additional aircraft category or class rating ATP:
§ 61.65(g).
I certify that [First name, MI, Last name], [grade of pilot certificate], [certificate number],
as required by § 61.65(g) is proficient to act as pilot in command in a [category, class,
make, and model] of experimental aircraft and has logged at least 5 hours flight time
logged between September 1, 2004, and August 31, 2005, while acting as pilot in
command in [aircraft category/class rating and make and model] that has been issued an
experimental certificate.
A.85 Aeronautical experience credit—ultralight vehicles: § 61.52.
I certify that I have reviewed the records of [First name, MI, Last name], as required by
§ 61.52(c). I have determined that [he or she] may use [number of hours] aeronautical
experience obtained in an ultralight vehicle to meet the requirements for
[certificate/rating/privilege].
NIGHT VISION GOGGLES (NVG) OPERATIONS
A.86 Endorsement required for ground training to act as pilot in command of an aircraft
using NVG: § 61.31(k)(1). This training and endorsement must be given by an
authorized instructor, which is one who meets the requirements of § 61.195(k)(1)
through (7). Refer to § 61.31(k)(3) for exceptions to this required ground training.
I certify that [First name, MI, Last name], [grade of pilot certificate], [certificate number],
has received the ground training required by § 61.31(k)(1), (i) through (v) to conduct
night vision goggle operations.
8/27/18 AC 61-65H
Appendix A
A-22
A.87 Endorsement required for flight training and statement of proficiency to act as pilot
in command of an aircraft using NVG: § 61.31(k)(2). This training and endorsement
must be given by an authorized instructor, which is one who meets the requirements of
§ 61.195(k)(1) through (7). Refer to § 61.31(k)(3) for exceptions to this required flight
training.
I certify that [First name, MI, Last name], [grade of pilot certificate], [certificate number],
has received the flight training on night vision goggle operations required by 14 CFR
§ 61.31(k)(2), (i) through (iv). I find [he or she] proficient in the use of night vision
goggles.
A.88 Endorsement required to provide training for NVG operations: § 61.195(k)(7).
“Position,” as mentioned in the signature block of the endorsement, is a person who is
authorized by the FAA to provide that logbook endorsement. Refer to Order 8900.1.
I certify that [First name, MI, Last name], holder of CFI Certificate No. [ ], meets the
night vision goggle instructor requirements of § 61.195(k) and is authorized to perform
the night vision goggle pilot-in-command qualification and recent flight experience
requirements under §§ 61.31(k) and 61.57(f) and (g). This endorsement does not provide
the authority to endorse another flight instructor as a night vision goggle instructor.
/s/ [date] I. M. Inspector 987654321CFI Exp. 12-31-19 Position
ENHANCED FLIGHT VISION SYSTEM (EFVS)
A.89 Endorsement for EFVS ground training: § 61.66(a).
I certify that [First name, MI, Last name], [pilot certificate], [certificate number], has
satisfactorily completed the ground training required by § 61.66(a) appropriate to the
[appropriate aircraft category] category of aircraft.
A.90 Endorsement for EFVS flight training: § 61.66(b).
I certify that [First name, MI, Last name], [pilot certificate], [certificate number], has
received the flight training required by § 61.66(b) and is proficient in the use of EFVS in
the [appropriate aircraft category in which the flight training was conducted] category of
aircraft for EFVS operations conducted under [§ 91.176(a), (b)
, or both § 91.176(a)
and (b)].
A.91 Endorsement for EFVS ground and flight training: § 61.66(a) and (b).
I certify that [First name, MI, Last name], [pilot certificate], [certificate number], has
satisfactorily completed the ground training required by § 61.66(a) and has received the
flight training required by § 61.66(b) for EFVS operations and is proficient in the use of
EFVS in the [appropriate aircraft category in which the ground and flight training was
conducted] category of aircraft for EFVS operations conducted under [§ 91.176(a), (b), or
both § 91.176(a) and (b)].
8/27/18 AC 61-65H
Appendix A
A-23
A.92 Endorsement for EFVS supplementary training: § 61.66(c).
I certify that [First name, MI, Last name], [pilot certificate], [certificate number], has
satisfactorily completed the required ground and flight training required by § 61.66(c) for
EFVS operations and is proficient in the use of EFVS in the [the appropriate aircraft
category in which the supplementary ground and flight training was conducted] category
of aircraft for EFVS operations conducted under [§ 91.176(a), (b), or both § 91.176(a)
and (b)].
8/27/18 AC 61-65H
Appendix B
B-1
APPENDIX B. SUMMARY OF CHANGES
1. Added Internet references to detailed and current information in place of some
text descriptions.
2. Removed redundant descriptions and paragraphs.
3. Removed Appendix B, Pilot Certificate Applicant Identity Verification.
Removed references to government websites for identification information.
Added reference to FAA testing website for identification verification
information.
4. Updated information on English language standards. Removed redundant
paragraph on English language requirement.
5. Added information to clarify the meaning and application of time limits:
2 calendar-months or 60 calendar-days.
6. Reworded paragraph for testing from the ground for single-seat light-sport
aircraft (LSA).
7. Updated FAA office titles and removed office codes.
8. Replaced “M/M” abbreviation with the words “make and model” for clarity.
9. Added detail to commercial pilot certification for an applicant who does not
hold an instrument rating.
10. Added a paragraph explaining new regulation permitting the use of a
technically advanced airplane for commercial pilot airplane single-engine
class experience requirements.
11. Added paragraph for flight instructors with a sport pilot rating and
single-engine airplane privileges who wish to provide training on control and
maneuvering an airplane solely by reference to the instruments to their
students pursuing a sport pilot rating. Added a corresponding endorsement in
Appendix A, Sample Endorsements.
12. Added a paragraph describing tailwheel endorsement requirements.
13. Renamed Appendix A from Instructor Endorsements to Sample Endorsements
(because persons other than instructors may provide certain endorsements).
14. Removed signature lines for sample endorsements, except for endorsements
that someone other than a flight instructor or a ground instructor would make.
Sample flight instructor and ground instructor signature lines are shown in the
introduction to Appendix A.
8/27/18 AC 61-65H
Appendix B
B-2
15. Expanded sample endorsement for pre-solo flight training at night to agree
with § 61.87(o).
16. Moved content of “Notes” up to main paragraphs which they supplement.
17. Updated ground instructor endorsement for recent experience to agree with
§ 61.127(d).
18. Added two sample endorsements for night vision goggles (NVG).
Advisory Circular Feedback Form
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Subject: AC 61-65H, Certification: Pilots and Flight and Ground Instructors
Date: _____________________
Please check all appropriate line items:
An error (procedural or typographical) has been noted in paragraph ____________
on page _______.
Recommend paragraph _____________ on page __________ be changed as follows:
______________________________________________________________________
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In a future change to this AC, please cover the following subject:
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______________________________________________________________________
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