Rudd
Report
August 2015
Food advertising targeted to
Hispanic and Black youth:
Contributing to health disparities
UCONNRUDDCENTER.ORG
2
Return to contents >
AUTHORS
Rudd Center for Food Policy & Obesity University of Connecticut
Jennifer L. Harris, PhD, MBA
Director of Marketing Initiatives, Rudd Center for Food Policy & Obesity
Associate Professor, Allied Health Sciences
Catherine Shehan, MS
Research Associate, Rudd Center for Food Policy & Obesity
Renee Gross, JD
Coordinator of Legal Initiatives, Rudd Center for Food Policy & Obesity
AACORN University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine
Shiriki Kumanyika, PhD, MPH
Emeritus Professor of Epidemiology
Founder and Chair, AACORN
Vikki Lassiter, MS
Executive Director, AACORN
Salud America!
University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio
Amelie G. Ramirez, DrPH, MPH
Director, Institute for Health Promotion Research
Professor, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics.
Kipling Gallion, MA
Deputy Director, Salud America!
Deputy Director, Institute for Health Promotion Research
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
We would like to thank our colleagues at the Rudd Center, African American
Collaborative Obesity Research Network (AACORN), and Salud America! for
their assistance with data collection and report preparation, with special thanks
to James Elsey, Frances Fleming-Milici, Carol Hazen, Whitney Hubbard,
Daniel Jones, and Shani Legore.
Support for this project was provided by the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation.
4
Return to contents >
The findings in this report
support public health concerns
that marketing of unhealthy
foods and beverages targeted to
communities of color contributes
to health disparities.
Previous research has shown that Black and Hispanic
youth receive a “double dose” of food marketing that
promotes products high in sugar, saturated fat, and
sodium. Compared to White non-Hispanic youth, they
are exposed to more food advertising in the media, as
well as more marketing messages in their communities.
This exposure contributes to poor diet, including greater
consumption of fast food and sugary drinks, and
contributes to higher rates of obesity and other diet-
related diseases in Black and Hispanic communities.
Public health experts have raised concerns that
companies also may target marketing for nutritionally
poor foods directly to Black and Hispanic youth,
exacerbating health disparities. This research examined
these targeted marketing practices. To identify targeted
marketing for food and beverage products, researchers
analyzed companies’ public statements about their
marketing, including traditional media advertising,
product development, sponsorships, and philanthropic
programs. They also conducted a comprehensive
analysis of the amount of TV food advertising specifically
targeted to and/or disproportionately viewed by
Hispanic and Black consumers; youths’ exposure to
this advertising; the brands and product categories
promoted most often; and comparisons to exposure
by White non-Hispanic youth. These findings will help
Executive
Summary
identify opportunities to encourage companies to reduce disparities in food
marketing aimed at youth of color.
METHODS
Researchers examined 26 restaurant, food, and beverage companies,
including all companies with $100 million or more in advertising spending
in 2013 (n=23) and all companies participating in the Children’s Food and
Beverage Advertising Initiative (CFBAI) industry self-regulatory program
as of December 2014 (n=17). Systematic searches of marketing trade
press and reports, companies’ annual reports, and press releases from
2012 to 2014 identified statements about companies’ targeted marketing
practices. To identify brands with TV advertising targeted to Black and
Hispanic audiences, researchers utilized syndicated market research data
from Nielsen. These data quantified media spending by brand, including
advertising spending on Spanish-language and Black-targeted TV channels,
as well as exposure to TV advertising by Black, Hispanic, and all children
and adolescents in 2013. In addition to company-level advertising data,
researchers also examined data for the 267 most-advertised brands (i.e.
brands spending $4.5 million or more in total advertising across all media
and $500,000 or more in TV advertising). Hispanic-targeted brands with
advertising on Spanish-language TV were identified. In addition, Black-
targeted brands included those with substantial advertising on TV networks
with a high proportion of Black individuals in the audience and/or whose
ads were viewed disproportionately more by Black teens relative to White
teens. Youth-targeted brands that advertised disproportionately more to
children and/or teens compared with adults also were identified.
RESULTS
The companies in this analysis made public statements that identified
three primary reasons for their targeted marketing strategies: business
opportunity, cultural relevance, and corporate responsibility. Statements
about targeted marketing primarily focused on the growing and increasingly
important Hispanic consumer. Some beverage companies also noted their
strategy to reach “multicultural” millennials through sponsorships and
events. In addition, many of the large packaged-food companies maintained
Spanish-language versions of their websites, and one fast-food company
(McDonald’s) offered separate websites for Black, Hispanic, and Asian
American consumers.
5
Return to contents >
The Nielsen data confirmed that most of the companies
analyzed targeted some advertising to Hispanic
consumers. Overall, the 26 companies in this analysis
spent $675 million in food-related advertising on
Spanish-language TV, 82% of all food advertising on this
medium. Seven companies spent $48 million or more
in Spanish-language advertising, including McDonald’s
($75 million), Mars ($72 million) and General Mills ($66
million), while just four companies did not advertise on
Spanish-language TV at all (Ferrero U.S.A., Inc., Roark
Capital, dineEquity, and Dannon). Seven companies
allocated more than 10% of their TV advertising
budgets to Spanish-language programming (Post
Foods, Dr Pepper Snapple Group, Wendy’s, 3G Capital,
Kraft Foods, and Kellogg). Mars spent 23.5% of its TV
advertising budget on Spanish-language television, the
highest proportion of any company in our analysis.
In contrast, just three companies (Coca-Cola, General
Mills, and McDonald’s) spoke publicly about marketing
targeted directly to Black consumers. However,
the Nielsen advertising data indicated that most
companies in this analysis placed some advertising
on Black-targeted TV networks, totaling $161 million
and representing three-quarters of all food-related
advertising on these networks. Only Dannon and
ConAgra Foods spent less than $100,000 to advertise
on Black-targeted TV network. Black-targeted TV
advertising spending was considerably lower than
Spanish-language TV spending, but five companies
spent more than $10 million in advertising on primarily
Black networks. The Hershey Company spent the most
($23.0 million), followed by PepsiCo, Mars, Yum!
Brands, and Kellogg. In addition, four companies spent
more than 4% of their TV advertising budgets on
Black-targeted TV (compared with 2% on average for all
companies in this analysis): Ferrero, Unilever, Dr Pepper
Snapple Group, and Hershey.
Targeted brands and categories
Of the 267 most-advertised brands from the 26
companies analyzed, 92 (34%) Hispanic-targeted brands
devoted more than $100,000 in advertising on Spanish-
language TV. Three of these brands did not advertise
at all on English-language TV (7Up, Kraft Mayonnaise, and Fuze Iced Tea).
In addition, 148 brands (55%) spent more than $100,000 on TV networks
with a high proportion of Black individuals in the audience, and 90 of
these brands (34%) were designated as Black-targeted because they spent
more than $500,000 on Black-targeted networks or had a high ratio of
Black versus White teen exposure. There was also substantial overlap, with
44 brands (16%) targeting both Black and Hispanic consumers. Hispanic-
targeted brands contributed 96% of food-related advertising on Spanish-
language TV, and Black-targeted brands produced 87% of food advertising
on Black-targeted TV networks.
Fast-food and other restaurants spent the most on advertising in targeted
media, totaling $244 million in Spanish-language TV and $61 million in
Black-targeted TV. All restaurant companies targeted at least one of their
brands to Black consumers, and all but two advertised on Spanish-language
TV. Restaurants represented almost 37% of all food-related advertising on
these networks, although restaurants’ share of food-related advertising
on all types of television programming was higher (43%). Wendy’s, Olive
Garden, and Burger King devoted a relatively high 11% to 12% of their TV
advertising spending to Spanish-language advertising (compared to 8.5%
on average for the brands in this analysis), and McDonald’s devoted 10%.
Wendy’s also devoted a higher share of its TV advertising budget to Black-
targeted TV at 3.7% compared with other restaurant brands.
Compared with other food and beverage categories, candy and gum/mint
brands disproportionately targeted their advertising to both Black and
Hispanic consumers. Candy brands represented 9.4% of all TV advertising
spending for food-related brands, but this category contributed 13.3% of
food-related spending on Spanish-language TV and 18.3% of spending
on Black-targeted TV. Of the candy brands examined, 78% targeted Black
consumers and 31% targeted Hispanics. M&Ms, Snickers, Hershey’s candy
bar, and Twix ranked in the top-10 Hispanic-targeted packaged food brands
(excluding restaurants) with $12.8 million to $17 million in Spanish-language
advertising. On Black-targeted TV, Reese’s Peanut Butter Cups, M&Ms,
Hershey’s Kisses, and Hershey’s candy bar ranked in the top-10 packaged
food brands, with $2 to $2.5 million in Black-targeted spending.
In other packaged food categories, there was greater variation in advertising
targeted to Hispanic and Black consumers. Of note, just two fruit brands
qualified for this analysis (i.e., they spent $4.5 million or more in advertising);
and neither appeared to target Black or Hispanic consumers. None of the
vegetable brands in this analysis were targeted. Juice, plain water, yogurt,
and other dairy brands also were less likely to be targeted to Black or
Hispanic consumers. Just two fruit juice brands (V8 V-Fusion and Tropicana
Farmstand) and four dairy brands (Yoplait Light, Yoplait, Philadelphia Cream
Executive Summary
6
Return to contents >
Cheese, and Kraft Singles) advertised on Spanish-
language TV, while only one yogurt (Yoplait Light) was
targeted to Black consumers. Together, brands in these
generally healthier categories represented 6% of all TV
advertising spending, but just 4% of Spanish-language
advertising spending and less than 1% of advertising
spending on Black-targeted TV.
In contrast, some categories dedicated a
disproportionately high percentage of their overall TV
advertising budgets to Spanish-language TV: nearly
12% of TV advertising spending for cereal and food
preparation products and almost 17% of spending
on regular soda was devoted to Spanish-language
television (compared with 8.6% for all packaged-food
brands). Following restaurants and candy, cereal, regular
soda, and prepared meal brands had the highest total
spending on Spanish-language TV. Individual brands
ranking among the top packaged foods for Spanish-
language TV advertising included Cheerios, Coca-Cola
Classic and 7Up regular sodas, Kraft Macaroni & Cheese,
Kraft Singles Cheese, and Cinnamon Toast Crunch
Cereal. On the other hand, sweet and savory snacks
represented a disproportionately high proportion (14%)
of Black-targeted TV spending (compared with 8% of
overall TV spending), and brands in snack categories
also spent the most in this medium after restaurants and
candy. Other top packaged food brands (with $1.8 to
$4.2 million in advertising spending on Black-targeted
TV) included Pop Tarts, Tyson Frozen Entrees, Gatorade,
Lay’s Potato Chips, Coca-Cola Classic, and Tostitos
Cantina Tortilla Chips.
Brands targeting children and teens
In addition, 48 brands (18% of all brands) in this analysis
advertised disproportionately more to children and/or
adolescents compared with adults. These youth-targeted
brands also were significantly more likely to target Black
and/or Hispanic consumers. Youth-targeted brands with
the highest advertising spending on Spanish-language
TV (at $10 million or more) included McDonald’s, Twix
candy bar, Cinnamon Toast Crunch cereal, and Orbit chewing gum.
Youth-targeted brands spending $2.4 million or more in advertising on
Black-targeted TV included McDonald’s, Pop Tarts, Tyson Frozen Entrees,
and Gatorade.
Overall, Black children and teens viewed 70% more food-related TV ads
compared with their White peers, averaging 13.3 ads per day for Black
children and 17.5 ads per day for Black teens (5.6 and 7.5 more ads per day
compared with White children and teens). This disparity in ads viewed was
even greater for product categories with the most Black-targeted products.
Black children and teens saw at least twice as many ads for gum/mints,
soda, and other sugary drinks compared with White children and teens, and
Black children saw 2.1 times as many candy and regular soda ads and 2.3
times as many gum/mint ads. Fast-food and other restaurants comprised
almost one-third of food-related ads viewed by Black and White youth in all
age groups, while candy, gum/mints, snacks, soda, and other sugary drinks
represented another 32% of food ads viewed by Black children and 39% of
ads viewed by Black teens.
On Spanish-language TV, Hispanic children viewed on average 2.2 food,
beverage, and restaurant ads per day and Hispanic teens averaged 1.8 ads
per day in addition to advertising viewed on English-language TV. Fast-food
and other restaurants comprised slightly more than one-third of Spanish-
language ads viewed. Candy and gum/mints comprised another 24% to
25% of Spanish-language ads viewed by Hispanic children and teens,
compared with just 13% and 19% of food-related ads viewed by all children
on English-language TV. The distribution of ads viewed by Hispanic youth
on Spanish-language TV for other food categories was comparable to ads
viewed on English-language TV with one exception: cereal represented 22%
of food ads to children on English-language TV compared with just 11% of
ads viewed by Hispanic children on Spanish-language TV.
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
In evaluating companies’ targeted marketing practices, it is important to
recognize that food and beverage marketing designed to appeal directly to
Hispanic and Black consumers is not problematic in and of itself. However,
this research demonstrates that racial-ethnic targeted food marketing likely
contributes to health disparities. Researchers did not conduct a nutritional
analysis of targeted brands, but the majority of advertising targeted to
Hispanic and Black consumers promoted food and beverage product
categories comprised primarily of nutritionally poor products. Furthermore,
Executive Summary
7
Return to contents >
young people viewed substantial amounts of this
advertising. For example, fast-food and other restaurants
represented almost 40% of all TV advertising spending,
as well as advertising on Spanish-language and Black-
targeted TV networks. Other categories devoted a
disproportionately higher amount of advertising on
Spanish-language and/or Black-targeted TV. Of special
concern was the exceptionally high amount of candy
advertising targeted to Hispanic and Black consumers,
as well as snack food brands targeting Black youth. In
addition, some companies were noteworthy for the
amount as well as the proportion of their advertising
spending devoted to targeted media. For example,
Hershey spent more than any other company in
advertising on Black-targeted TV and also allocated the
highest proportion of TV advertising to this medium.
On Spanish-language TV, McDonald’s, Mars, and
General Mills each spent more than $66 million in advertising, while Mars
also allocated almost one-quarter of its TV advertising budget to Spanish-
language programming.
This research confirms public health concerns about food and beverage
marketing targeted to Black and Hispanic consumers, especially children
and adolescents. Due to their greater exposure to media and food
marketing, proposals to reduce unhealthy food marketing to youth and/
or increase marketing of nutritious foods would also greatly benefit Black
and Hispanic youth. In addition, industry pledges to increase marketing
of healthy products must include expansion of advertising in Black-
and Hispanic-targeted media, where healthier categories are currently
significantly underrepresented. Furthermore, public health advocacy
campaigns should focus on improving marketing practices of companies
that currently allocate disproportionately more of their advertising budgets
to market unhealthy products to Black and Hispanic youth.
Executive Summary
8
Return to contents >
Exposure to unhealthy food
marketing likely contributes
to poor diet among all youth,
including Black and Hispanic
youth who also suffer from higher
rates of obesity and other diet-
related diseases.
High rates of overweight and obesity and poor diet
among youth in Black and Hispanic communities present
a public health crisis. In 2011-2012, more than one in
five Hispanic and Black youth ages 2 to 19 suffered from
obesity, significantly higher than rates among White
non-Hispanic youth.
1
Rates for Hispanic and Black boys
ages 6 to 11 were highest, exceeding 25%. Sugary drink
and fast food consumption has been linked with higher
energy, sugar, saturated fat and sodium consumption,
2,3
and various studies have found Hispanic and Black
adolescents consume these products more often than
non-Hispanic White adolescents.
4–7
Further, in 2013 the
prevalence of not having consumed fruits or vegetables
in the past week was higher among Black and Hispanic
youth when compared with White youth.
8
In addition,
as acculturation level increases among Hispanic youth,
diet quality decreases.
9
As a result, Hispanic and Black
youth also face higher risks of the severe lifelong health
consequences of poor diet and obesity, including
cardiovascular disease, asthma, diabetes, and cancer.
10–13
As for all youth, exposure to unhealthy food marketing
is a likely contributor to poor diet among Black and
Hispanic children and adolescents.
14–16
In 2009, food
Background
and beverage companies spent $1.8 billion in marketing directed specifically
to youth under 18, with television advertising representing one-third of
these expenditures.
17
In 2014, on average, children ages 2 to 11 viewed
12.8 food and beverage ads per day on TV alone – almost 4,700 ads per
year – and adolescents ages 12 to 17 viewed 15.2 ads per day.
18
Fast-
food restaurants represented more than one-quarter of food-related ads
seen by children and almost one-third of those seen by adolescents. Other
restaurants, candy, snack foods, and carbonated beverages contributed
another third of food ads seen by all youth. Analyses of the nutrition
content of TV food advertising demonstrated that 84% of ads viewed by
children promoted products with high amounts of sugar, saturated fat
and/or sodium.
19
Despite industry pledges to improve food and beverage
advertising to children,
20
studies document little progress in reducing
unhealthy food advertising to children under age 12.
21,22
In addition,
food-related advertising to older youth (ages 12 to 17) increased by
25% from 2007 to 2014.
23
Research consistently demonstrates the harmful effects of unhealthy
food marketing on young people’s diets and health. In a comprehensive
review of the literature, the Institute of Medicine concluded that food
marketing to children increases preferences and requests to parents for the
unhealthy foods advertised and likely contributes to poor diets, obesity, and
related diseases. More recent studies demonstrate that exposure to food
advertising increases children’s and teens’ consumption of highly advertised
food categories (including fast food and sugar-sweetened carbonated
beverages),
25
increases snacking of any available food and total calories
consumed,
26–28
and increases taste preferences for advertised products.
29,30
Further evidence demonstrates that it is extraordinarily difficult to counteract
the influence of food marketing – even for adults – especially when it
promotes highly palatable products high in sugar or saturated fat.
31,32
A DOUBLE DOSE OF FOOD MARKETING
Public health experts have raised concerns that Hispanic and Black youth
receive a “double dose” of unhealthy food marketing compared with White
non-Hispanic youth, and this exposure likely contributes to or exacerbates
health disparities affecting communities of color.
33
These youth may be
disproportionately exposed to food-related marketing for at least three
reasons: 1) They are more likely to live in communities where unhealthy
9
Return to contents >
food marketing is more prevalent; 2) They may be
exposed to more of the media where food-related
products are advertised; and 3) Food and beverage
companies target marketing for unhealthy products
specifically to Hispanic and Black consumers, including
young people.
Research on community-level food marketing has found
that marketing of unhealthy products is more prevalent
in low-income and Black and Hispanic communities,
including on billboards and other outdoor signage,
in schools, and in retail establishments and fast-food
restaurants.
34–38
Due to higher levels of media usage,
Hispanic and Black youth also are exposed to more
of the advertising (including for unhealthy foods and
beverages) that appear in these media. In a survey
documenting young people’s media usage (ages 8-18),
Black and Hispanic youth consumed on average four
and one-half more hours of media per day compared
with non-Hispanic White youth, including more than
one additional hour of television viewing across all
media platforms (including the internet and mobile
devices).
39
According to syndicated market research
data from Nielsen,
40
Black children watch 42% more
television and Black teens watched 68% more television
than their White peers. Although Nielsen data showed
similar amounts of television viewing (excluding viewing
in digital media) for Hispanic and non-Hispanic youth
overall, Hispanic preschoolers (ages 2-5) viewed 12%
more television programming compared with non-
Hispanic preschoolers.
41
Of note, on average, in 2012
Hispanic preschoolers watched one hour per day of
Spanish-language programming primarily intended
for an older audience.
Studies examining food-related advertising in media
aimed primarily at Hispanic and Black audiences
also document that unhealthy products are
disproportionately advertised in these targeted media.
For example, advertising in programming with high rates
of Black viewership contained more food advertising
overall and more unhealthy food advertising compared
with programming aimed at a broader audience.
43–45
Although studies have found significantly fewer food-related advertisements
on Spanish- versus English-language children’s television programming,
46,47
more than 84% of Spanish-language food ads promoted products of the
lowest nutritional quality compared with 73% of English-language ads.
48
In addition, 44% to 47% of food advertising on Spanish-language children’s
television promoted fast-food restaurants compared with 36% of food ads
on English-language television.
49
Further, Spanish-language television viewed
by preschoolers and children contained a significantly greater proportion
of ads for fast food than the English language television they viewed.
50
Research on food-related television advertising viewed by Black youth also
demonstrates substantially greater exposure to ads for some unhealthy
product categories. For example, Black children and teens saw more than
twice as many ads for energy drinks and regular soda compared with
White children and teens,
51
and 60% more fast-food ads.
52
As a whole, existing research strongly suggests that food and beverage
companies market some products disproportionately more to Black and
Hispanic youth, and this strategy may be more common for products in
typically unhealthy categories, including sugary drinks and fast food.
TARGETED MARKETING TO HISPANIC AND BLACK YOUTH
Targeted marketing is the practice of designing marketing programs that
appeal specifically to a group of consumers whom a company has identified
as particularly attractive for its business,
53
also known as “culturally
specific” content or marketing. Methods developed by consumer behavior
researchers to identify targeted marketing include measuring differences in
the concentration of ad placements across different types of media (e.g.,
Spanish-language or Black-targeted media) and differences in exposure
by viewers in different demographic groups, as well as identification of
customized advertising content (e.g., cultural themes, actors).
54
Targeted marketing that appeals to Hispanic and Black consumers is a
common practice that makes good business sense for many companies.
Hispanic consumers spend more than an estimated $1 trillion per year,
55
and they represent one of the largest and fastest growing demographic
groups in the United States.
56
Hispanic households also tend to be larger
and younger than other households, making them an especially attractive
market for consumer goods, including food. To reach these consumers,
companies spent $8 billion on advertising in Hispanic media in 2013,
representing an 8% increase over the previous year.
57
Although companies
spent less to target their marketing to Black consumers – approximately
$2.6 billion in advertising on media focused on Black consumers in 2013
Background
10
Return to contents >
targeted media. Among all companies, McDonald’s ranked fifth in spending
in all Hispanic media in 2013, including television.
62
Eight additional food
companies (Mars, General Mills, Kellogg, Kraft Foods, Hershey, Yum!
Brands, Nestlé, and PepsiCo) ranked among the 50 companies purchasing
the most Hispanic media. In Black media, food categories ranked among
the industries with the greatest increase in spending from 2012 to 2013.
63
Furthermore, candy companies increased their Black-targeted advertising
spending by 39% (totaling approximately $140 million) and restaurants’
spending increased 17% (to approximately $343 million) in 2013.
However, research has not examined the extent of Hispanic- and Black-
targeted advertising for food-related products in total or how companies’
spending in these media compare to their total advertising spending.
THIS REPORT
To identify food-related marketing targeted to Black and Hispanic
consumers, researchers first conducted a systematic search of marketing
trade press and reports and companies’ annual reports and press releases
from 2012 to 2014. They searched for companies’ statements about
their marketing programs designed to reach and/or appeal to specific
segments of the population, including children, teens, millennials, parents,
or families and multicultural, Spanish/Hispanic/Latino, or Black/African-
American populations. Three years were examined as most companies made
such statements relatively infrequently. Researchers also utilized Nielsen
syndicated data for 2013 to document the categories, companies, and
brands with the most advertising on Black- and Hispanic-targeted television
– including volume of spending and exposure as well as disproportionate
spending – focusing on advertising viewed by young people under 18.
These analyses examined all restaurant, food, and beverage companies
with $100 million or more in advertising spending in 2013 and all companies
participating in the Children’s Food and Beverage Advertising Initiative
(CFBAI) industry self-regulatory program as of December 2014. Nielsen data
provided media spending by company and brand, including advertising
spending on Spanish-language and Black-targeted TV channels, as well as
exposure to TV advertising by Black, White, and all children and adolescents.
Nielsen also provided data on exposure to advertising on Spanish-language
TV for Hispanic children, adolescents, and adults. Due to the large number
of brands advertised by the companies examined, only brands with $4.5
million or more in total advertising spending (across all media, including
TV, print, radio, and digital) in 2013 were analyzed. Brands that made a
substantial investment in advertising to Hispanic or Black consumers were
identified as targeted brands. Hispanic-targeted brands included those
– spending in Black-targeted media also increased
7% over the previous year.
58
Companies increasingly
focus their marketing on Black consumers due to the
increasing buying power of this demographic group,
which is forecasted to grow to $1.3 trillion in 2018.
59
Furthermore, consumer research advises companies
to capitalize on Black consumers’ appreciation of
advertising that includes culturally relevant themes,
depicts people of color, and is placed in media and
programming that is relevant to Black audiences.
60
It is important to recognize that marketing strategies
designed to appeal directly to Hispanic and Black
consumers in a culturally relevant manner is not in itself
problematic. If a large multi-brand company does not
market to a diverse set of consumers, it suggests that
the company does not value some consumers and raises
issues of social justice and equity.
61
Targeted marketing
can benefit communities of color and often is viewed
positively by members of these communities. Targeted
marketing may support Hispanic and Black culture
through local events, music and sports sponsorships, and
targeted media content. Targeted marketing also may
provide opportunities for minority-owned businesses
and employment, as well as scholarships for minority
youth. This marketing benefits local communities in
other ways, such as sponsoring youth activities and
providing products, incentives, and retail options tailored
to communities’ specific tastes. There are few alternative
sources of funding to replace these contributions to
Hispanic and Black communities.
However, targeted marketing that promotes nutritionally
poor products that can be harmful to young people’s
health is problematic, especially when companies market
these products disproportionately more to Hispanic
and Black youth compared with White non-Hispanic
youth and/or adults. As noted, previous research
has documented the high incidence of marketing
for unhealthy foods and beverages, including fast
food and sugary drinks, to Hispanic and Black youth.
Industry research also has identified food and beverage
companies and brands with the most advertising in
Background
11
Return to contents >
spending $100,000 or more in advertising on Spanish-
language TV, which equals approximately one ad viewed
per year by Hispanic youth. Black-targeted brands
were defined as those spending $500,000 or more on
TV networks with a high proportion (>50%) of Black
individuals in the audience (equal to approximately one
ad viewed per year by Black youth on Black-targeted
TV), as well as brands spending more than $100,000 on
Black-targeted TV networks that also had a high ratio
of exposure for Black teens relative to White teens (1.9
or higher) during all TV programming. Youth-targeted
brands, defined as brands with a high ratio of child and/
or teen exposure to TV advertising relative to adults (1.5
for children and 0.9 for teens), also were identified.
Methods for data collection and analysis are detailed in
Appendix A.
The purpose of this report is to identify and quantify
food-related targeted marketing to Hispanic and Black
consumers. Targeted food advertising by company,
brand, and product category is highlighted, including
those with the most targeted advertising as well as
those investing a relatively high proportion of their
advertising budgets to reach Hispanic and Black youth.
These findings identify considerable opportunity to
encourage companies to reduce disparities in unhealthy
food marketing aimed at youth of color.
Background
Company CFBAI participant*
Total advertising
spending in 2013**
Restaurants
McDonald’s USA, LLC
p
$992.5 mill
Yum! Brands (Taco Bell, KFC, Pizza Hut) $822.7 mill
Doctor’s Associates (Subway) $557.6 mill
Wendy’s $289.8 mill
3G Capital (Burger King)
p
$264.2 mill
Roark Capital Group (Arby’s, Carl’s Jr., and Hardees) $245.6 mill
dineEquity (Applebee’s and IHOP) $220.3 mill
Sonic $211.5 mill
Darden Restaurants (Olive Garden and others) $208.7 mill
Food and beverage companies
General Mills, Inc.
p
$837.9 mill
PepsiCo, Inc.
p
$822.8 mill
Kraft Foods
p
$612.2 mill
Kellogg Company
p
$560.5 mill
The Hershey Company
p
$536.1 mill
Mars, Incorporated
p
$472.4 mill
Nestle USA
p
$361.3 mill
Campbell Soup Company
p
$305.1 mill
Coca-Cola Company
p
$301.8 mill
Dr Pepper Snapple Group $180.7 mill
Tyson Foods $159.5 mill
Mondelez Global, LLC
p
$158.9 mill
ConAgra Foods, Inc.
p
$158.8 mill
Unilever United States
p
$144.4 mill
Post Foods, LLC
p
$90.1 mill
The Dannon Company
p
$86.1 mill
Ferrero U.S.A., Inc.
p
$54.1 mill
THE COMPANIES
This report documents advertising targeted to Hispanic and Black consumers by 26 of the largest
restaurant, food, and beverage companies in the United States.
* Companies that participate in the Children’s Food and Beverage Advertising Initiative and
(CFBAI) pledge to advertise only healthier dietary choices in child-directed media
85
**Source: Nielsen (2015)
12
Return to contents >
This report examines targeted
marketing practices and quantifies
TV advertising targeted to Black
and Hispanic youth in 2013 for
the largest restaurant, food,
and beverage companies.
In total, 26 food-related companies either: 1) spent
$100 million or more to advertise their products in all media
in 2013 (n=23), and/or 2) belonged to the Children’s Food
& Beverage Advertising Initiative (CFBAI) – pledging to only
advertise healthier choices in child-directed advertising – as
of December 2014 (n=17).
64
There was substantial overlap
between the two criteria. Out of 14 packaged food and
beverage companies with $100 million or more in advertising
spending, all but two belonged to the CFBAI (Dr Pepper
Snapple Group and Tyson Foods). In contrast, just two out
of nine restaurants with more than $100 million in spending
participated in the CFBAI (McDonald’s and 3G Capital [Burger
King]). Three CFBAI companies spent less than $100 million
in advertising in 2013 (Post Foods, Dannon, and Ferrero).
McDonald’s spent more in advertising than any other food-
related company at almost $1 billion ($992.5 million). Three
additional companies spent more than $800 million each
(Yum! Brands, PepsiCo, and General Mills). In total, the 26
companies in this analysis spent $97 billion on advertising,
contributing 74% of all food-related advertising spending.
Results
PUBLIC STATEMENTS ABOUT TARGETED MARKETING
Companies often made public statements about their targeted marketing practices.
From 2012 to 2014, all but two companies (Ferrero and Dannon) publicly discussed
marketing targeted to Hispanic, Black or other racial or ethnic audiences in their
annual reports, press releases, or statements to the press. Appendix B details
companies’ specific statements. Three common themes appeared in company
statements describing the benefits and/or rationale for targeting marketing to
specific racial-ethnic populations: 1) A business opportunity to capture spending
of a large and/or growing segment of the population; 2) Development of products
and campaigns designed to appeal to specific consumers through culturally
relevant connections; and 3) Demonstration of corporate responsibility through
employment opportunities and philanthropic efforts.
All the companies that publicized their racial-ethnic targeted marketing referenced
strategies designed to appeal to Hispanic consumers, and nearly all highlighted
the increasing size and spending power of Hispanic populations as an opportunity
for future business growth. Many of the large packaged food companies offered
Spanish-language websites aimed at Hispanic audiences, especially families and
moms (e.g., QueRicaVida.com [General Mills], ComidaKraft.com [Kraft Foods],
ElMejorNido.com [Nestle], DiasGrandiosos.com [Kellogg]). These companies
frequently discussed their Spanish-language advertising campaigns and product
flavors designed to be especially relevant to Hispanic consumers’ tastes and
interests. Beverage and snack food manufacturers often incorporated Hispanic
music, celebrities, and futbol into their advertising and utilized sponsorships and
local events designed to appeal to younger Hispanic consumers. A few companies
also discussed programs to benefit Hispanic communities, such as scholarships,
hunger programs, and employment opportunities.
In contrast, just three companies (Coca-Cola Co., General Mills, and McDonald’s)
spoke publicly about their marketing designed to appeal directly to Black
consumers. Coca-Cola commented on Black consumers as a business opportunity,
noting that Black teens spend more than other teens. General Mills and
McDonald’s both noted the trendsetting influence of African-Americans on the
“general market” as a reason to create Black-targeted campaigns. Both companies
also highlighted corporate responsibility initiatives to benefit Black communities.
On the other hand, PepsiCo noted its focus on “multicultural” millennials
13
Return to contents >
Targeted marketing by top Hispanic- and Black-targeted advertisers*
Company Targeting Hispanic consumers Targeting Black consumers
• McDonald’sranked#5outofthe50largestadvertisingspendersin
Hispanic-focused media:
86
Spent $111.3 million on all Hispanic media in 2013, a 3% increase
from 2012.
• McDonalds’philosophyistoleadwith“ethnicinsights”andintegrate
these perspectives throughout the marketing process.
Sponsoring the FIFA World Cup Soccer Sweepstakes reaches Hispanic
audiences and has broad appeal to the general market.
Offering employment, scholarships, mentorship programs, and
volunteer opportunities allows McDonald’s to create goodwill
in the Hispanic community.
• McDonald’swasamongthelargestadvertisingspendersinBlack-
focused media:
87
Spent $33 million on all Black media in 2013, a 31% decrease
from 2012.
• McDonald’smaintainsseveralwebsiteaimedatspecicracial-ethnic
audiences, including dedicated Black, Asian, and Hispanic websites.
365Black.com highlights the company’s support for events in Black
communities, including the Inspiration Celebration Gospel Tour,
the All-American High School Basketball Games, and the
Essence Music Festival.
• GeneralMillsranked#17inadvertisingspendinginHispanic-
focused media:
88
Spent $70.4 million on all Hispanic media in 2103, a 15% decrease
from 2012.
• ThecompanyfocusesonpinpointingthebestlocationtoreachHispanic
consumers, often delivering advertising messages toconnect with
consumers where they shop.
• GeneralMillsmaintainsaSpanish-languagewebsite(QueRicaVida.com)
and blogging presence to achieve cultural relevancy. The website features
coupons, recipes, and a web series.
• ThecompanyaimstoexpandbusinessgrowthbyleveragingBlack
consumers as influencers and trendsetters within their communities.
• HoneyNutCheeriosandHamburgerHelperarebrandsthatresonatewith
Black consumers, so General Mills developed targeted-messaging to reach
these consumers.
• Yoplaityogurt’ssinger-spokesperson,TishaCampbell-Martin,resonates
withBlackwomenandencouragesthem“takechargeoftheirhealth.”
• PepsiCoranked#50inadvertisingspendinginHispanic-focusedmedia:
89
Spent $33.6 million on all Hispanic media in 2013, a 59% increase
from 2012.
• PepsiCoaimstocreate“crossoverappeal”whenengagingmulticultural
audiences through campaigns that transcend borders and cultural
differences, while still maintaining brand popularity and relevance
across many different audiences.
Sports and music celebrities of various cultural and ethnic
backgrounds serve as spokespeople.
Products such as Pepsi Limon are designed to appeal
Hispanic consumers.
• PepsiCowasamongthelargestadvertisingspendersinBlack-
focused media:
90
Spent $31 million on all Black media in 2013, a 10% increase from 2012.
• Thecompany’sutilizesBlackmusicandsportscelebritieswithcrossover
appeal, such as Beyoncé, Serena Williams, and Usher, to reach Black
consumers as well as a general youth audience.
• Yum!Brandsranked#35inadvertisingspendinginHispanic-
focused media:
91
Spent $41.8 million on all Hispanic media in 2013, a 30% increase
from 2012.
• TheHispanicmarketisseenasa“keytargetgroup”forthecompany.
• YumBrands’restaurantchains(TacoBell,KFC,andPizzaHut)utilize
Spanish-languageTVandwebads,andsomeofferSpanish-language
online ordering, to reach Hispanic consumers.
Researchers did not identify any recent public statements from the
company regarding marketing targeted to Black consumers.
• KraftFoodsranked#30inadvertisingspendinginHispanic-focusedmedia:
92
Spent $48.0 million on all Hispanic media in 2013, a 25% decrease
from 2012.
• Kraftwasoneoftherstcompaniestodevelopanintegratedmarketing
campaign for Latino women, featuring culturally relevant messages on
ComidaKraft.com.
• TheSpanish-languagewebsitefeaturestraditionalrecipesandbudget-
friendly solutions, along with messaging that recognizes that Hispanic
consumers want to preserve their culture when cooking for their families.
Researchers did not identify any recent public statements from the
company regarding marketing targeted to Black consumers.
Continues on the next page >
Results
14
Return to contents >
Company Targeting Hispanic consumers Targeting Black consumers
• Kelloggranked#29inadvertisingspendinginHispanic-focusedmedia:
93
Spent $49.2 million on all Hispanic media in 2013, a 12% decrease
from 2012.
Among the highest spenders on Hispanic-targeted magazine
placements, $3.2 million in 2013.
• KelloggfocusesonintegratingHispanicmessagingintoallmarketing
practices,frompartneringwithUnivisiontoincreaseonlinewebsitetrafc
to sponsoring community events in high-density Hispanic neighborhoods.
• KelloggmaintainsaSpanish-languagewebsite,DiasGrandiosos.com
(Wonderful Days), with recipes, coupon, and articles aimed at
Latina mothers.
Researchers did not identify any recent public statements from the company
regarding marketing targeted to Black consumers.
• Hersheyranked#34inadvertisingspendinginHispanic-focusedmedia:
94
Spent $42.1 million on all Hispanic media in 2013, a 91% increase
compared to spending in 2012.
• HersheysponsorstheHispanicHeritageFoundation,whichhonors
Latinos for their positive impact in the U.S. and abroad.
• HersheywasamongthelargestadvertisingspendersinBlack-focused
media:
95
Spent $41 million on all Black media in 2013, a 31% increase from 2012.
• Wedidnotidentifyanyrecentpublicstatementsfromthecompany
regarding its targeted marketing practices.
• Marsranked#15inadvertisingspendinginHispanic-focusedmedia:
96
Spent $77.3 million annually on all Hispanic media in 2013, a 49%
increase from 2012.
Spent among the most on Hispanic-targeted magazine placements —
$7 million annually.
• Marsutilizesanadvertisingagencythatspecializesindeveloping
campaigns that connect with Hispanic consumers and promotes
specicbrandswithSpanish-languageadsandwebsites.
Researchers did not identify any recent public statements from the company
regarding marketing targeted to Black consumers.
• Nestleranked#45inadvertisingspendinginHispanic-focusedmedia:
97
Spent $37.1 million annually on all Hispanic media in 2013, a 5%
decrease from 2012.
• Nestlecampaignsattempttocapitalizeontheemotionalattachment
Hispanic consumers have to Nestle brands in their home countries,
while also forming new attachments to U.S.-based brands.
• NestlemaintainsaSpanish-languagewebsite(ElMejorNido.com),
whichfeaturesrecipes,menuideas,cookingvideos,andspecic
brand promotions.
Researchers did not identify any recent public statements from the company
regarding marketing targeted to Black consumers.
Source: Company statements and other publicly available information
Results
Targeted marketing by top Hispanic- and Black-targeted advertisers* (continued)
15
Return to contents >
Results
(including both Black and Hispanic youth) through celebrity
spokespersons, sponsorships, and events, stating that this
strategy reinforces the cultural relevance of its products to
all youth. Similarly, Dr Pepper Snapple Group commented
that its Hispanic celebrities, sponsorships and events were
also designed to have “crossover” appeal to a broader
youth audience. Beyond marketing aimed at Hispanic
and Black consumers, McDonald’s Asian-targeted website
(MyInspirAsian.com) was the only publicly available example
found that referenced marketing targeted specifically to any
other racial or ethnic audience within the United States.
Major advertisers in Hispanic and Black media
Advertising Age has identified restaurant, food, and
beverage companies as some of the biggest spenders in
Hispanic media.
65
In 2013, three food-related companies
ranked among the 20 companies spending the most to
advertise in Hispanic media (including television, magazines,
newspaper, and websites): McDonald’s (#5), Mars (#15), and
General Mills (#17). Among the top-50 Hispanic advertisers,
Kellogg and Kraft Foods ranked 29th and 30th, Hershey
and Yum! Brands ranked 34th and 35th, Nestle ranked #45,
and PepsiCo was 50th. Notably, some of these companies
substantially increased their Hispanic media spending from
2012 to 2013. During this time total advertising spending in Hispanic media
increased 14%, while Hershey’s Hispanic-targeted media budget almost doubled
(+91%), PepsiCo spending went up 59%, Mars spending increased 49%, and
Yum! Brands increased its spending by 30%. The majority of Hispanic-targeted
advertising was devoted to broadcast, cable, and network TV. However, Unilever,
Mars, and Kellogg ranked third, fourth, and tenth among companies in all
categories in advertising in Spanish-language magazines.
Another recent industry publication highlighted some food-related companies
with relatively high spending on advertising in media aimed at Black consumers
in 2013, including Hershey ($41 million), McDonald’s ($33 million), and PepsiCo
($31 million).
66
Notably, from 2012 to 2013 Hershey increased its spending in
Black-targeted media by 31% and PepsiCo increased its spending 10%, while
McDonald’s reduced its advertising in Black-targeted media by 31%. Among the
industries purchasing advertising in Black-targeted media, restaurant spending
totaled $49.8 million and candy companies spent $40.2 million. In comparison,
insurance companies spent $47 million, supermarkets spent $28.5 million, and
hair care products spent $25 million. From 2012 to 2013, candy companies also
increased their advertising in Black-targeted media by 39% and restaurants’
spending increased 17%.
16
Return to contents >
Results
HISPANIC AND BLACK-TARGETED TV
ADVERTISING BY COMPANY
Analyses of Nielsen data on advertising spending confirmed
that most of the companies in this report targeted some
advertising to Hispanic consumers on Spanish-language
television (see Appendix Table C1). In total, these companies
spent $675 million on Spanish-language TV advertising in
2013, which represented 96% of all food-related advertising
spending on Spanish-language TV. Just four companies did
not advertise at all or spent less than $10,000 on Spanish-
language TV (Roark Capital Group, dineEquity, Dannon, and Ferrero). Most of the
companies analyzed also purchased some advertising on TV channels with average
audiences comprising 50% or more Black viewers. Only ConAgra did not advertise
on these channels. However, most companies spent far less to advertise on Black-
targeted TV than on Spanish-language TV, totaling $161 million in 2013. The
companies in this analysis contributed 76% of all food-related advertising
spending on Black-targeted TV.
Among the companies that advertised on Spanish-language TV, there was wide
variation in the amount of spending as well as the proportion of advertising
budgets allocated to the medium (see Figure 1). Seven companies spent $48
FIGURE 1. COMPANY INVESTMENTS IN HISPANIC-TARGETED ADVERTISING
17
Return to contents >
Results
million or more, including McDonald’s ($75 million), Mars
($72 million), and General Mills ($66 million). In addition,
seven companies invested 10% or more of their TV
advertising spending to Spanish-language, compared to
an average of 8.5% for all the companies in this analysis.
Mars spent almost one-quarter of its TV advertising
budget on Spanish-language advertising, while Dr Pepper
Snapple Group, Post Foods, and Kraft Foods each allocated
approximately 13% to 14% of TV advertising to Spanish-
language programming.
Companies also varied widely in the amounts and proportions of advertising
budgets spent on Black-targeted TV channels (see Figure 2). Hershey stood out for
spending the most in Black-targeted advertising ($23 million) and for allocating
a high proportion of its TV advertising budget to the medium (4.4%), compared
to an average of 2.0% for all the companies in this analysis. PepsiCo and Yum!
Brands each spent $16 to $18 million in advertising on Black-targeted TV, followed
by Mars and Kellogg at $10 to $11 million. Additional companies allocating more
than 4% of their TV advertising spending to Black-targeted channels included
Ferrero, Unilever, and Dr Pepper Snapple Group.
FIGURE 2. COMPANY INVESTMENTS IN BLACK-TARGETED TV
18
Return to contents >
Results
Hispanic and Black youth exposure to TV advertising
by company
Examining children’s and teens’ exposure to TV advertising
for these companies confirms that a few companies were
responsible for the majority of food-related ads viewed by
Black youth on all TV and by Hispanic youth on Spanish-
language TV. On Spanish-language TV, Hispanic children
viewed on average 2.2 food-related ads per day from the
companies in this analysis and Hispanic teens averaged 1.8
Spanish-language ads per day (representing 96% of all
food-related ads viewed by youth on Spanish-language TV).
Five companies (Mars, General Mills, Hershey, McDonald’s,
and Yum! Brands) were responsible for just over half of
food-related ads viewed by Hispanic children and teens on Spanish-language TV
(see Figure 3). The remaining packaged food companies (led by Kellogg and Kraft
Foods) as well as the remaining restaurants together contributed almost 20%
of ads viewed each. Across all television programming, Black children viewed
on average 13.3 food-related ads per day from the companies analyzed and
Black teens averaged 17.5 ads per day in 2013. Five companies (General Mills,
McDonald’s, Hershey, Kellogg, and Yum! Brands) were responsible for 55% of all
TV ads viewed by Black children and 49% of all ads viewed by Black teens (see
Figure 4). Of note, Hershey ranked second in TV ads viewed by Black children and
teens, but fourth in ads viewed by White children. Ads from other sugary drink,
candy, and snack food companies comprised another 23% of the TV ads viewed
by Black teens and 17% of those seen by Black children.
Figure 4 also illustrates the disparity in food-related ads viewed by Black compared
with White youth. In 2013, Black children watched 43% more minutes of
FIGURE 3. HISPANIC YOUTHS’ EXPOSURE TO ADVERTISING ON SPANISH-LANGUAGE TV BY COMPANY IN 2013
Source: Nielsen (2015)
Hispanic
children
(2-11 years)
Hispanic
teens
(12-17 years)
Ads Viewed on Spanish-language TV in 2013
100
900
800
700
600
500
400
300
200
All other sugary drink, candy & snack
food companies (7% of the total)
All other restaurants (18%)
All other packaged food
companies (23%)
Yum! Brands (7%)
McDonald’s (8%)
Hershey (10%)
General Mills (12%)
Mars (15%)
835 total
food-related
ads viewed
666 total
food-related
ads viewed
19
Return to contents >
television compared with White children, but they were
exposed to 71% more food-related ads. Black teens watched
68% more television and were exposed to 75% more food-
related ads compared with White teens. As a result, Black
children viewed 5.6 more food ads daily than White children
viewed, and Black teens viewed 7.5 more ads compared
with White teens. Further examination revealed that a few
companies contributed disproportionately to this disparity.
Compared with White children and teens, Black children and
teens saw more than twice as many ads for Mars, Coca-
Cola, and Unilever products. Black children also saw more
than twice as many ads for PepsiCo, Hershey, and Dr Pepper
Snapple Group products than White children saw.
Summary of targeted marketing by company
Although companies rarely publicize their marketing strategies, 24 of the
26 companies in this analysis made public statements about their targeted
marketing to Hispanic consumers. Most of these statements discussed the
business opportunity of attracting this growing segment of the population and/
or companies’ attempts to develop culturally relevant products and marketing
campaigns, often aimed at Hispanic families and moms. Dr Pepper Snapple Group
widely publicized its strategy to appeal to multicultural youth through music and
other themes that resonate with young Latinos. Examination of Nielsen data on
companies’ advertising on Spanish-language TV demonstrated a wide range of
investment in Hispanic-targeted media. All but four companies spent at least
$4 million on Spanish-language advertising. McDonald’s, Mars, and General Mills
spent the most at $66 to $75 million, while Yum! Brands, Kellogg, and Kraft
Foods also ranked among the top advertisers on Spanish-language TV. Mars and
General Mills also ranked first and second in number of ads viewed by Hispanic
children and teens on Spanish-language TV, while Hershey surpassed the other
Results
FIGURE 4. BLACK AND WHITE YOUTHS’ EXPOSURE TO ADVERTISING ON ALL TV PROGRAMMING BY COMPANY
White
teens
White
children
Black
teens
Black
children
3,895
ads
6,812
ads
3,154
ads
5,377
ads
Ads Viewed on all TV in 2013
1,000
7,000
6,000
5,000
4,000
3,000
2,000
Black: white
targeted ratio
All other packaged
food companies
All other restaurants
All other sugary drink, candy
& snack food companies
McDonald’s
Kellogg
Yum! Brands
Hershey
General Mills
Source: Nielsen (2015)
1.5
2.1
1.8
1.7
2.1
1.6
1.7
1.6
1.7
1.9
1.7
1.8
1.8
1.9
1.7
1.6
20
Return to contents >
As of December 2013, 17 companies belonged to the Children’s Food and Beverage Advertising Initiative (CFBAI).
98
These companies pledged to “use CFBAI’s category-specific uniform nutrition criteria to govern what foods are in
advertising primarily directed to children under age 12 (‘child-directed advertising’), or to not engage in child-directed
advertising.”
99
Pledges require that participants only advertise CFBAI-approved products that meet the Initiative’s
nutrition standards during TV programming where children under 12 make up 35% or more of the audience
(i.e., children’s programming).
100
In 2013, CFBAI companies spent:
• $6.8billiontoadvertiseinallmedia–70%ofthetotalforallcompaniesinthisanalysis
• $5.3billiontoadvertiseonTV–66%ofthetotal
• $502milliontoadvertiseonSpanish-languageTV–74%ofthetotal
• $104milliontoadvertisingonBlack-targetedTV–64%ofthetotal
CFBAI companies also were responsible for the majority of food-related ads that young people viewed
on TV in 2013:
• 2,815TVadsviewedbyallchildrenunder12onaverage–80%ofthetotalforallcompaniesinthisanalysis
• 3,222TVadsviewedbyallteens(12-17years)onaverage–73%ofthetotal
• 640and510adsviewedbyHispanicchildrenandteens,respectivelyonSpanish-languageTV–77%ofthetotal
• 4,304TVadsviewedbyBlackchildren(80%ofthetotal)and5,044TVadsviewedbyBlackteens74%ofthetotal
Results
Racial-ethnic targeted marketing by CFBAI companies
top spenders (including McDonald’s) in number of ads
viewed by Hispanic youth. Some companies also invested
disproportionately more on Hispanic-targeted TV advertising,
including Burger King, Kellogg, Wendy’s, Kraft Foods, Post
Foods, and Dr Pepper Snapple Group. However, Mars was
unique in allocating nearly one-quarter of its TV advertising
spending to Spanish-language TV.
In contrast to the large number of companies that publicly
discussed their Hispanic-targeted marketing, just three
companies (Coca-Cola, General Mills, and McDonald’s)
publicized marketing programs to appeal to Black consumers.
PepsiCo also discussed its strategy to use celebrities and
sponsorship to appeal to “multicultural” millennials and to
reinforce the cultural relevance of its products with all youth. Nearly all companies
analyzed spent some portion of their TV advertising budgets on Black-targeted TV
channels, but a small number of companies spent a relatively large amount and/
or a high percentage of their advertising on this medium. Hershey spent the most
($23 million), representing a relatively high 4.4% (vs. the median of 2.0%) of its
TV advertising budget. PepsiCo, Yum! Brands, Kellogg, and Mars completed the
list of companies spending the most on Black-targeted TV advertising. Mars, as
well as Unilever, Wendy’s, and Ferrero, allocated the highest proportions of their TV
advertising budgets to the medium. Hershey was also notable for contributing the
second highest amount of food-related TV advertising to Black youth, exceeded
only by General Mills.
TARGETED BRANDS AND CATEGORIES
Continues on the next page >
21
Return to contents >
Results
Company
Total TV ad
spending
(mill)
TV ads
viewed by
all children
(2–11 years)
TV ads
viewed by
all teens
(12–17 years)
Hispanic-
targeted brands
Black-
targeted brands
Brands
targeting both
McDonald’s $774.4 301.6 262.1 McDonald’s
PepsiCo $182.1 51.1 109.2
Gatorade, Doritos,
Ruffles Ultimate,
Doritos Jacked
Chee-tos, Mountain
Dew Kickstart,
Chee-tosMixups
Mars $135.6 58.9 142.4 Snickers Bites
Twix,Wrigley’sOrbit,
5 Chewing Gum,
Skittles, Starburst,
Wrigley’sExtra
Kellogg $81.1 90.9 104.9 Frosted Flakes Pop Tarts, Krave Cereal
General Mills $71.7 197.6 112.6
Cinnamon Toast
Crunch
Lucky Charms,
Big G Cereals
Coca-Cola Co. $41.3 8.6 21.5
Diet Coke, Sprite,
Dasani Drops
Glaceau
Vitaminwater
Kraft Foods $43.7 65.8 70.1 Lunchables, Mio Mio Fit
Mondelez Global $16.3 8.2 20.6 Stride Trident
CFBAI COMPANY BRANDS TARGETING YOUTH AND HISPANIC OR BLACK CONSUMERS
Bold = CFBAI-approved brand
Racial-ethnic targeted marketing by CFBAI companies (continued)
Targeted brands from CFBAI companies
Just 15 of the youth-targeted brands in this analysis from CFBAI companies were approved for advertising on child-
directed TV.
101
Five CFBAI-approved brands also targeted Hispanic consumers, and two targeted both Hispanic and
Black consumers. We found no evidence that CFBAI companies advertised unapproved products on “child-directed”
television (according to their definition). However, CFBAI companies produced 44 of the 48 youth-targeted brands
in this analysis, and 30 of these 44 youth-targeted brands also targeted Hispanic and/or Black consumers.
22
Return to contents >
Results
Company Total # of brands
Hispanic-targeted
brands # (% of total)
Black-targeted brands
# (% of total)
Brands targeting both
# (% of total)
Targeted brands
Yum! Brands 3 3 (100%) 3 (100%) 3 (100%) Taco Bell, KFC, Pizza Hut
McDonald’s 1 1 (100%) 1 (100%) 1 (100%)
McDonald’s, also targeted
to children
Doctor’s Associates 1 1 (100%) 1 (100%) 1 (100%) Subway
Wendy’s 1 1 (100%) 1 (100%) 1 (100%) Wendy’s
3G Capital 2 1 (50%) 1 (50%) 1 (50%) Burger King
Roark Capital Group 3 0 (0%) 1 (33%) 0 (33%) Arby’s
dineEquity 2 0 (0%) 1 (50%) 0 (0%) Applebee’s
Sonic 1 1 (100%) 1 (100%) 1 (100%) Sonic
Darden Restaurants 1 1 (50%) 1 (50%) 1 (50%) Olive Garden
Targeted restaurant brands by company
All restaurants targeted at least one of their brands to Hispanic or Black consumers, with the majority targeting both. McDonald’s also
targeted its advertising to children.
These company-level analyses demonstrate a wide range of
corporate investment in marketing targeted to Hispanic and
Black consumers. However, nearly all targeted marketing
occurs at the brand level, and targeting strategies differ
widely even between brands within the same company.
Most companies in this analysis aimed different brands at
different age groups (children, teens/youth, parents or adults)
and most appeared to target just a subset of their brands to
Hispanic and/or Black consumers.
The 26 companies in this analysis supported 267 different
brands with at least $4.5 million in total advertising including
at least $500,000 in TV advertising in 2013. One-third of
these brands (n=92) spent $100,000 or more to advertise on
Spanish-language TV, devoting on average 12.7% of their
TV advertising budgets to Spanish-language TV. Three brands
(7Up, Kraft Mayonnaise, and Fuze Iced Tea) only advertised
on Spanish-language TV. In addition, one-third of all brands
(n=90) qualified as Black-targeted because they spent more than $500,000
on Black-targeted channels and/or had a high ratio of Black versus White teen
exposure. On average, Black-targeted brands devoted 2.7% of their TV advertising
budgets to Black-targeted TV channels, with the highest relative investment by
Sun Drop regular soda and 7Up Ten diet soda at 22%. There was substantial
overlap, with 16% of brands (n=44) targeting both Hispanic and Black consumers.
A relatively small number of brands in this analysis (n=48, 18%) were targeted
to children and/or teens as evidenced by disproportionately higher numbers of
ads viewed by youth compared with adults. These youth-targeted brands were
significantly more likely to also target Hispanic and/or Black consumers: 71%
of youth-targeted brands compared with 47% of other brands. Just five youth-
targeted packaged-food brands (Cinnamon Toast Crunch, Lucky Charms, Krave
cereal, Frosted Flakes, and Oscar Mayer Lunchables), as well as McDonald’s and
Burger King, offered products that were approved by CFBAI companies to advertise
on child-directed media.
Targeted brands by company and category
Fast-food and other restaurants were most likely to target a high proportion of
23
Return to contents >
Company Total # of brands
Youth-targeted
brands
# (% of total)
Hispanic-targeted
brands
# (% of total)
Black-targeted
brands
# (% of total)
Brands
targeting both
# (% of total)
Youth-targeted brands also
targeting Black (B) and/or
Hispanic (H) consumers
Mars 12 8 (67%) 8 (67%) 10 (83%) 8 (67%)
Snickers Bites (B)
Orbit (H,B)
5 Chewing Gum (H,B)
Wrigley’s Extra (H,B)
Twix (H,B)
Skittles (H,B)
Starburst (H,B)
PepsiCo 27 8 (30%) 10 (37%) 13 (48%) 5 (19%)
Doritos and Doritos Jacked (B)
Gatorade (B)
Sprite regular soda (B)
Chee-tos and Chee-tos Mixups (H,B)
Mountain Dew Kickstart (H,B)
Coca-Cola Co. 13 4 (31%) 5 (38%) 5 (38%) 2 (15%)
Diet Coke (B)
Dasani Drops (B)
Sprite (B)
VitaminWater (H,B)
General Mills 33 9 (27%) 13 (39%) 6 (18%) 5 (15%)
Cinnamon Toast Crunch (H)
Lucky Charms (H,B)
Big G cereals (H,B)
Targeted packaged food and beverage brands* by company
There was wide variation in the extent that packaged food and beverage companies targeted their brand advertising to youth,
Hispanic and Black consumers. Notably, Mars targeted the majority of its brands to all three audiences.
Continues on the next page >
Results
their brands to Hispanic and Black consumers. All but three
fast-food brands in this analysis (Tim Horton’s from 3G
Capital, Carl’s Jr and Hardee’s from Roark Capital Group)
advertised on Black-targeted TV. The two other restaurant
companies in this analysis advertised one of their two
major brands on Black-targeted TV (Applebee’s and Olive
Garden). All fast-food and other restaurant companies except
dineEquity and Sonic also advertised on Spanish-language TV.
In contrast, there was wide variation in the proportion of
packaged food and beverage brands with TV advertising
targeted to Hispanic or Black consumers. Mars stood out for
its targeted advertising; seven of the company’s 12 major
brands (58%) targeted their advertising to teens and to Black consumers, and six
of these brands also targeted Hispanic consumers. Beverage and snack companies
also targeted a relatively large proportion of their brands to Hispanic and Black
consumers, as well as teens. Approximately one-half to two-thirds of PepsiCo,
Dr Pepper Snapple Group, and Mondelez brands aimed their advertising at Black
consumers, one-third or more targeted Hispanic consumers, and one-quarter
or more targeted teens. Approximately one-third of Coca-Cola brands targeted
Hispanic consumers, Black consumers, and teens. The three largest packaged-food
companies (General Mills, Kellogg, and Kraft Foods) all targeted advertising for
one-third or more of their brands to Hispanic consumers, but fewer than 20%
of their brands to Black consumers. At least three brands from each of these
companies targeted Hispanic and/or Black consumers as well as children or teens.
24
Return to contents >
Company Total # of brands
Youth-targeted
brands
# (% of total)
Hispanic-targeted
brands
# (% of total)
Black-targeted
brands
# (% of total)
Brands
targeting both
# (% of total)
Youth-targeted brands also
targeting Black and/or
Hispanic consumers
Kellogg 26 5 (19%) 11 (42%) 5 (19%) 4 (15%)
Krave cereal (B)
Frosted Flakes (H)
Pop Tarts (H,B)
Kraft Foods 28 5 (18%) 9 (32%) 2 (7%) 1 (4%)
Mio (H)
Oscar Mayer Lunchables (H)
Mio Fit (H,B)
Dr Pepper
Snapple Group
9 3 (33%) 2 (22%) 5 (56%) 1 (11%)
7Up Ten (B)
Snapple (B)
Sun-Drop (B)
Mondelez Intl 8 2 (25%) 2 (25%) 5 (63%) 2 (25%)
Stride (B)
Trident (H,B)
Tyson Foods 9 1 (11%) 1 (11%) 1 (11%) 1 (11%) Tyson Frozen Entrees (H,B)
Companies with no advertising targeted to Black or Hispanic consumers and children/teens
Nestle 17 2 (12%) 4 (24%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%)
Campbell 15 1 (7%) 4 (27%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%)
Unilever 10 1 (10%) 2 (20%) 5 (50%) 0 (0%)
Hershey 23 0 (0%) 6 (26%) 21 (91%) 6 (26%)
Conagra Foods 13 0 (0%) 5 (38%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%)
Post Holdings 2 0 (0%) 1 (50%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%)
Ferrero SpA 3 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 1 (33%) 0 (0%)
Dannon 3 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%)
Targeted packaged food and beverage brands* by company (continued)
*Brands that spent $4.5 million or more on advertising in 2013
Results
25
Return to contents >
Results
Dannon did not target any of its brands in this analysis to
Hispanic, Black, or youth audiences.
The proportion of brands targeted to Hispanic and/or Black
consumers also varied widely by category. Brands in six
categories were significantly more likely to be targeted (fast-
food and other restaurants, candy, soda and sugary drinks,
savory snacks, diet soda and drink mixes, and gum and
mints), while just four categories (including generally healthier
dairy, juice and water, and fruit and vegetable brands)
were significantly less likely to target Hispanic and/or Black
consumers (see Figure 5). Approximately one-half of restaurant and gum/mint
brands were targeted to both Hispanic and Black consumers, while the other half
of gum/mint brands and one-half of candy brands targeted Black consumers only.
In contrast, two-thirds of prepared meal, yogurt and other dairy, juice and water,
and fruit and vegetable brands did not target Hispanic or Black consumers, and just
two brands in these categories targeted Black consumers.
FIGURE 5. PROPORTION OF BRANDS TARGETED TO HISPANIC AND BLACK CONSUMERS BY CATEGORY
Source: Nielsen (2015)
Fast food &
other restaurants
(n=16)
Candy
(n=32)
Soda &
other
sugary
drinks
(n=23)
Savory
snacks
(n=23)
Diet soda
& drink
mixes
(n=13)
Gum/mints
(n=8)
Categories with brands significantly
more likely to be targeted to Hispanic
and/or Black consumers
0%
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
% of brands
Prepared
meals
(n=39)
Yogurt
& other
(n=14)
Juice &
water
(n=9)
Fruits &
vegetables
(n=2)
Categories with brands significantly
less likely to be targeted to Hispanic
and/or Black consumers
0%
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
% of brands
Targeted to both
Hispanic-targeted
Black-targeted
Not targeted
56%
31%
22%
39%
35%
31%
31%
22%
13%
8%
50%
5%
69% 71%
78%
100%
7%
26
Return to contents >
Results
FIGURE 6. PROPORTION OF TV ADVERTISING SPENDING BY CATEGORY
Total TV Advertising Spending: $9.7 billion
Advertising Spending on Black-targeted TV:
$161 million
Advertising Spending on Spanish-language TV:
$675 million
Source: Nielsen (2015)
Fast food &
other restaurants
43%
Candy/
gum/mints
10%
Snacks
8%
Soda &
other
sugary
drinks
8%
Prepared
meals
7%
Cereal
7%
Other
17%
Fast food &
other restaurants
36%
Candy/
gum/mints
16%
Snacks
9%
Soda & other
sugary drinks
9%
Prepared meals
7%
Cereal
10%
Other
13%
Fast food &
other restaurants
38%
Soda &
other
sugary
drinks
10%
Prepared
meals
4%
Cereal
4%
Other
8%
Snacks
14%
Candy/
gum/mints
22%
Yogurt/
other dairy
1%
Food prep/
condiments
3%
Juice/ water/
fruits & vegetables
<1%
All other
4%
Yogurt/
other dairy
3%
Food prep/
condiments
5%
juice/ water/
fruits & vegetables
1%
All other
4%
Yogurt/
other dairy
4%
Food prep/
condiments
4%
Juice/ water/
fruits & vegetables
2%
All other
7%
27
Return to contents >
The proportions of TV advertising spending devoted to
Spanish-language and Black-targeted TV also varied widely
by category (see Figure 6). Fast-food and other restaurant
brands spent the most to advertise in targeted media,
totaling $244 million in Spanish-language TV and $62 million
in Black-targeted TV. However, restaurants represented
a lower percentage of advertising spending on targeted
TV channels, compared with all TV. In contrast, candy and
gum brands were responsible for a significantly higher
proportion of advertising spending on Spanish-language and
Black-targeted TV compared with all TV: 10% of total TV
advertising spending versus 16% of advertising on Spanish-
language TV and 22% of spending on Black-targeted TV.
Snack food brands also spent disproportionately more on
Black-targeted TV advertising: the category represented
8% of all TV spending versus 13% of Black-targeted TV
spending. In total, candy, gum, snacks, soda, and other
sugary drinks represented 46% of all TV advertising
spending for packaged foods, 54% of packaged-food
spending on Spanish-language TV, and 74% of spending
on Black-targeted TV. In contrast, brands in generally more
nutritious categories (yogurt, other dairy, juice, water,
and fruits and vegetables) comprised 10% of advertising
spending on all TV, 5% of spending on Spanish-language TV,
and 2% of spending on Black-targeted TV.
Hispanic and Black youth exposure to TV advertising
by category
Similar to spending on food-related advertising on Spanish-
language TV, Hispanic youth also viewed disproportionately
more Spanish-language advertisements for nutritionally poor
foods and beverages (see Figure 7). In total, 68% of food-
related ads viewed by Hispanic children on Spanish-language
TV and 69% of ads viewed by Hispanic teens promoted fast-
food and other restaurants, candy, gum, snack foods, and
sugary drinks. By comparison, 3% of ads viewed promoted
yogurt, other dairy, juice, water, or fruits and vegetables.
FIGURE 7. HISPANIC YOUTH EXPOSURE TO ADS ON
SPANISH-LANGUAGE TV BY CATEGORY
Hispanic
children
(2-11)
835 total
ads viewed
666 total
ads viewed
Hispanic
teens
(12-17)
Ads Viewed on Spanish-language TV in 2013
100
900
800
700
600
500
400
300
200
All other
(6% of the total)
Yogurt/otherdairy/juice/water/
fruits & vegetables (3%)
Cereal (10%)
Snacks & sugary
drinks (12%)
Prepared meals/food prep/
condiments (13%)
Candy/gum/mints (23%)
Fast food & other
restaurants (33%)
FIGURE 8. BLACK AND WHITE YOUTH EXPOSURE TO ADVERTISING
ON ALL TV PROGRAMMING BY CATEGORY
White
teens
Black
children
White
children
Black
teens
Source: Nielsen (2015)
5,377
ads
6,812
ads
3,895
ads
3,154
ads
Ads Viewed on All TV in 2013
1,000
7,000
6,000
5,000
4,000
3,000
2,000
All other
Yogurt/otherdairy/juice/
water/fruits & vegetables
Cereal
Snacks & sugary drinks
Prepared meals/food prep/
condiments
Candy/gum/mints
Fast food & other
restaurants
Black: White
targeted ratio
1.5
1.7
1.9
2.2
1.5
1.5
1.7
1.6
2.0
1.7
1.9
1.9
1.7
1.6
28
Return to contents >
Black children and teens viewed 70% more food-related TV
ads in total than White children and teens viewed (see Figure
8). Although the proportion of ads viewed by Black and
White youth was comparable for most product categories,
some categories advertised disproportionately more to Black
versus White children and teens. Black children saw 2.2
times as many ads for candy and gum compared with White
children, and Black teens saw almost twice as many of these
ads compared with White teens. In addition, Black children
and teens viewed 90% more ads for snacks and sugary
drinks compared with White children and teens.
Top targeted brands
Six fast-food restaurant brands (McDonald’s, Wendy’s,
Subway, Burger King, Taco Bell, and KFC) and one other
restaurant (Olive Garden) ranked among the most-targeted
food brands on Spanish-language TV, primarily because of
the high amount they spent on Spanish-language advertising
(ranging from $15 to $75 million). All of these restaurants,
except KFC, also ranked among the top-10 brands in TV ads
viewed by Hispanic children. Further, these same restaurants,
as well as Pizza Hut, Sonic, and Applebee’s, also appeared
on the list of the 10 brands spending the most in advertising
on Black-targeted TV (ranging from $3.4 to $9.6 million).
Although McDonald’s spent more than twice as much
to advertise in Spanish-language TV than Wendy’s,
Wendy’s outspent McDonald’s in advertising on
Black-targeted TV.
Three packaged-food brands also ranked among the
10 brands with the most spending on Spanish-language
TV advertising: Cheerios, M&Ms, and Coca-Cola Classic.
Cheerios and M&Ms, as well as Snickers and Hershey
candy bar, ranked among the top-10 brands for the most
advertisements viewed by Hispanic children on Spanish-
language TV. The brands devoting the highest proportion
of their TV advertising spending to Spanish-language TV
included three candy brands (Snickers, Twix, and Jolly
Rancher), two chewing gum brands (Orbit and 5 Chewing
Gum), four Kraft Foods brands (Macaroni & Cheese, Kraft
Singles, Mayonnaise, and Oscar Mayer Deli Fresh cold cuts),
and 7Up regular soda, Hershey’s Chocolate Syrup, and Tyson
Frozen Entrees.
Results
Kellogg’s Pop Tarts was the only packaged-food brand that ranked among the
most advertised brands on Black-targeted TV. However, packaged foods and
beverages were more likely to rank among the brands devoting the highest
proportion of their TV advertising to Black-targeted TV (7% or more) and/or
advertising disproportionately more to Black compared with White teens (2.25
times or higher). These brands included four candy and sweet snack brands (Pop
Tarts, Fruttare, Starburst, and Skittles); three sugary drinks (Coca-Cola Classic,
Snapple, and Sun Drop) as well as 7Up Ten diet soda; and three savory snack
brands (Lay’s Potato Chips, Doritos, and Ruffles Ultimate Potato Chips, all from
PepsiCo); plus Tyson Frozen Entrees and Knorr Pasta Sides.
Summary of targeted marketing by category and brand
Of the 267 most-advertised brands from the 26 companies in our analysis, there
were 92 (34%) Hispanic-targeted brands and 90 (34%) Black-targeted brands,
with substantial overlap: 44 brands (16%) targeted both Black and Hispanic
consumers. Fast-food and other restaurant brands spent the most to advertise in all
media, including targeted media, contributing more than one-third of advertising
spending on Spanish-language and Black-targeted television. However, brands
in other categories advertised disproportionately more in targeted media. Candy
and gum/mint brands represented almost one-quarter of food-related ads viewed
by Hispanic youth on Spanish-language TV and 22% of advertising spending on
Black-targeted TV. Snacks, soda, and other sugary drinks comprised an additional
18% of spending on Spanish-language TV and 24% of spending on Black-
targeted TV. In contrast, generally more nutritious categories (yogurt, other dairy,
juice, water, and fruits and vegetables) represented just 3% of ads viewed by
Hispanic youth on Spanish-language TV and 2% of spending on Black-targeted
TV. A few categories also advertised disproportionately more to Black versus White
youth. Black children and teens saw approximately twice as many ads for candy,
gum, snacks, and sugary drinks compared with White children and teens.
Fast-food and other restaurant brands comprised the majority of top-10 brands
with the most advertising on Spanish-language and Black-targeted TV. Cheerios,
M&Ms, and Coca-Cola Classic also ranked in the top-10 for spending on Spanish-
language TV and Pop Tarts for Black-targeted TV. Additional brands devoting one-
third or more of their TV advertising spending to Spanish-language TV included
three candy (Snickers, Twix, Jolly Rancher), two chewing gum (Orbit, 5 Chewing
Gum), and one regular soda brand (7Up), plus four brands from Kraft Foods
(Macaroni & Cheese, Kraft Singles, Mayonnaise, and Oscar Mayer Deli Fresh).
Brands with the highest proportion of ads viewed by Black versus White teens
(with 2.3 or more times as many ads viewed by Black teens) included four candy
and sweet snack brands (Pop Tarts, Fruttare, Starburst, Skittles), two regular
sodas (Coca-Cola Classic, Sun Drop), and two savory snack brands (Doritos,
Ruffles Ultimate).
29
Return to contents >
Spanish-language TV Top-10 brand by
Company Brand
Child/teen-
targeted
Black-
targeted
Ad spending
(mill)
% of TV ad
budget
Ad spending
Proportion of
TV budget
Ads viewed by
Hispanic children
Restaurants
McDonald’s
p p
$75.2 10%
p p
Wendy’s
p
$31.8 12%
p p
Doctor’s Associates Subway
p
$30.9 6%
p p
3G Capital Burger King
p
$25.0 11%
p p
Yum! Brands Taco Bell
p
$22.4 7%
p p
Darden Restaurants Olive Garden
p
$19.2 12%
p p
Yum! Brands KFC
p
$14.8 6%
p
Top Hispanic-targeted brands*
* Top-10 brands in 1) spending on Spanish-language TV advertising, 2) proportion of TV ad budgets allocated to Spanish-language TV,
and/or 3) number of TV ads viewed by Hispanic children on Spanish-language TV.
Results
Packaged foods and beverages
General Mills Cheerios
p
$17.2 10%
p p
Mars M&Ms
p
$17.1 18%
p p
Coca-Cola Co. Coca-Cola Classic
p
$15.8 19%
p
Mars Snickers
p
$14.0 34%
p p
Hershey Hershey Candy Bar
p
$13.0 21%
p
Mars Twix
p p
$12.8 34%
p
Dr Pepper Snapple
Group
7UP $10.7 100%
p
Kraft Foods
Kraft Macaroni &
Cheese
$10.6 36%
p
Kraft Foods Kraft Singles $10.5 46%
p
Hershey
Hershey’s chocolate
syrup
p
$10.0 37%
p
Mars Orbit
p p
$9.6 35%
p
Hershey Jolly Rancher
p
$8.7 35%
p
Mars 5 Chewing Gum
p p
$8.6 36%
p
Tyson Foods Tyson Frozen Entrees
p p
$8.2 57%
p
Kraft Foods Kraft Mayonnaise $4.9 100%
p
Kraft Foods
Oscar Mayer
Deli Fresh
$4.9 34%
p
*Among brands spending $4.5 million or more in advertising on Spanish-language TV
30
Return to contents >
Results
Black-targeted TV Top-10 brand by
Company Brand
Child/teen-
targeted
Black-
targeted
Ad
spending
(mill)
% of TV ad
budget
Black:White
teen ratio
Ad
spending
Proportion
of TV
budget
Black:White
teen ratio
Restaurants
Wendy’s
p
$9.6 3.7% 1.99
p
McDonald’s
p p
$9.3 1.2% 1.83
p
Yum! Brands Taco Bell
p
$8.5 2.8% 1.80
p
Doctor’s Associates Subway
p
$7.9 1.6% 1.67
p
Yum! Brands Pizza Hut
p
$5.4 2.3% 1.62
p
Sonic
p
$4.8 2.3% 1.69
p
dineEquity Applebees $4.4 3.0% 1.68
p
3G Capital Burger King
p
$4.3 1.9% 1.66
p
Darden Restaurants Olive Garden
p
$3.4 2.2% 1.49
p
Top Black-targeted brands*
* Top-10 brands in spending on advertising on Black-targeted TV channels, proportion of TV advertising budgets allocated to Black-targeted TV, and/or
greater relative exposure to TV ads by Black versus White teens.
Packaged foods and beverages
Kellogg Pop Tarts
p p
$4.2 14.3% 2.62
p p p
Tyson Foods
Tyson Frozen
Entrees
p p
$2.6 17.7% 2.36
p p
PepsiCo
Lay’s Potato
Chips
p
$2.2 7.2% 2.20
p
Coca-Cola Co.
Coca-Cola
Classic
p
$1.9 2.3% 3.24
p
Unilever Fruttare $1.7 10.6% 2.63
p p
PepsiCo Doritos
p
$1.5 6.1% 2.43
p
Dr Pepper Snapple Group 7Up Ten $1.4 21.5% 2.11
p
Dr Pepper Snapple Group Snapple $1.3 11.4% 2.18
p
Mars Starburst
p p
$1.2 8.1% 2.33
p p
Mars Skittles
p p
$1.2 6.2% 2.26
p
Unilever
Knorr Pasta
Sides
$1.1 14.3% 3.06
p p
PepsiCo
Ruffles
Ultimate
Potato Chips
p
$1.0 7.3% 2.30
p p
Dr Pepper Snapple Group Sun Drop
p
$1.0 22.0% 2.48
p p
*Among brands spending $1.0 million or more in advertising on Black-targeted TV
31
Return to contents >
Food-related advertising targeted
to Black and Hispanic youth likely
contributes to health disparities
affecting communities of color.
In evaluating companies’ targeted marketing, it
is important to recognize that food and beverage
marketing designed to appeal directly to Hispanic and
Black consumers is not problematic in and of itself.
However, this research supports public health concerns
about racial-ethnic targeted marketing practices of
the largest restaurant, food, and beverage advertisers
in the United States. These findings demonstrate that
targeted food marketing likely contributes to health
disparities affecting Black and Hispanic communities for
three reasons: 1) It almost exclusively promotes brands
in primarily unhealthy food categories; 2) Youth are
exposed to relatively high amounts of advertising for
these brands, especially Black children and teens; and
3) Companies utilize messages and other marketing
techniques designed to increase the cultural relevance
of their products (often nutrient-poor foods and
beverages), especially those aimed at multicultural
youth and Hispanic families.
Although researchers did not conduct a nutritional
analysis of advertised products, the majority of food-
related advertising targeted to Hispanic and Black
youth promoted brands in nutritionally poor product
categories, with a few exceptions. Cheerios ranked
among the top brands targeted to Hispanic consumers
and 7Up Ten diet soda ranked among the top Black-
targeted brands, although none of these brands aimed
their advertising at youth audiences. In addition, all
gum and mint brands were targeted to Black and/
or Hispanic consumers. On the other hand, fast-food
Conclusions
and other restaurants represented almost 40% of food-related advertising
spending on Spanish-language and Black-targeted TV networks, as well as
all TV advertising spending. Previous research has shown that the majority
of fast-food TV ads viewed by children and teens promote products high in
calories, fat, and/or sodium.
67
Additional primarily unhealthy categories also
devoted a disproportionately high percentage of their advertising budgets
to Spanish-language and/or Black-targeted TV. Of special concern is the
exceptionally high amount of candy advertising targeted to Hispanic and
Black consumers, as well as snack food brands targeting Black youth. In
contrast, brands with generally more nutritious products – yogurt, other
dairy, juice, water, and fruits and vegetables – were significantly less likely
than other brands to target Hispanic and/or Black consumers. Together,
advertising for these comparatively nutritious product categories comprised
just 5% of spending on Spanish-language TV and 2% of spending on
Black-targeted TV, compared with 6% of spending on TV in total.
Some companies were noteworthy for the amount, as well as the
proportion, of their advertising spending devoted to targeted media.
For example, Hershey spent more than any other company in advertising
on Black-targeted TV and also allocated the highest proportion of its TV
advertising to this medium. On Spanish-language TV, McDonald’s, Mars,
and General Mills each spent more than $66 million in advertising, with
Mars allocating almost one-quarter of its TV advertising budget to Spanish-
language programming. Just four companies did not advertise at all on
Spanish-language TV (Roark Capital Group and dineEquity restaurant
companies, Dannon, and Ferrero), while five companies spent less than
0.5% of their TV advertising budgets on Black-targeted TV (Nestle,
Campbell Soup, ConAgra, Post Foods, and Dannon).
Further, many brands with advertising targeted to Hispanic and Black
consumers also aimed their advertising at children and adolescents. For
example, McDonald’s targeted its advertising to children under 12, as well
as Hispanic and Black consumers. (Of note, previous research has shown
that McDonald’s advertising does not technically violate its CFBAI pledge,
but that children often view TV advertising for McDonald’s menu items
that do not meet CFBAI nutrition standards.
68
) Twix targeted adolescents,
Hispanic, and Black consumers, allocating one-third of its TV advertising
budget to Spanish-language TV. Seven of the 13 top Black-targeted
packaged-food brands also targeted their advertising to youth under 18,
including Pop Tarts, Tyson Frozen Entrees (chicken nuggets and strips),
32
Return to contents >
Doritos, Starburst, Skittles, Ruffles Ultimate, and Sun
Drop regular soda. Not one of these products would
contribute to a healthy diet.
As a result, Hispanic and Black children and teens also
were exposed to substantial amounts of TV advertising
for primarily unhealthy product categories. Hispanic
children viewed on average 2.2 food-related TV ads
per day on Spanish-language TV – in addition to the
ads they viewed on other television programming –
while Hispanic teens viewed somewhat fewer Spanish-
language ads per day (1.8). More than two-thirds of ads
viewed by both Hispanic age groups promoted fast-food
and other restaurants, candy, gum, snack foods, or
sugary drinks, while just 3% promoted yogurt, other
dairy, juice, water, or fruits and vegetables. Compared
with White children and teens, Black youth viewed
more than 70% additional food-related ads on TV,
averaging 13.3 ads per day for Black children and 17.5
ads per day for Black teens. Candy, gum and mints,
snacks, and sugary drinks contributed the most to this
disproportionate exposure, with Black children and teens
viewing 90% or more additional ads for brands in these
categories compared with White children and teens.
Finally, many of the companies in this analysis touted
the culturally relevant themes in their targeted
marketing campaigns, especially those aimed at
Hispanic consumers. Examples include Spanish-language
websites aimed at Latino families (e.g., QueRicaVida,
DiasGrandiosos, ComidaKraft, ElMejorNida) and
philanthropic campaigns, such as sponsorships of youth
sports and scholarships. On the surface, these programs
support communities that could benefit greatly from
additional funding. However, given that the majority of
targeted products can contribute to health disparities
affecting these communities, this practice also raises
questions about companies’ true commitment to
improving the lives of Hispanic and Black consumers.
Furthermore, a few companies – notably Coca-Cola Co.,
PepsiCo, and Dr Pepper Snapple Group – commonly
utilize Black and Hispanic music and sports celebrities
with “crossover” appeal aimed at teens to position
their products as trendsetters in the youth market.
RECOMMENDATIONS
Public health experts, advocates, and policymakers have proposed numerous
obesity prevention actions at the local and state level to counteract the
negative effects of unhealthy food and beverage marketing, such as taxes on
sugary drinks, eliminating unhealthy food marketing from schools, placing
warning labels on sugary drinks, and removing soda from kids’ meals at
restaurants. This report highlights the need for dramatic changes in targeted
marketing practices from key stakeholders within industry, including food and
beverage manufacturers, restaurants, grocery retailers, and media companies.
To address disparities in obesity and other diet-related diseases affecting
Hispanic and Black communities, especially among youth, stakeholders could
improve self-regulatory programs regarding food advertising to children and
take additional steps to improve the food marketing environment.
The majority of companies in this analysis belong to the CFBAI industry
self-regulatory program, and numerous evaluations of the Initiative have
demonstrated loopholes that allow participating companies to continue
to advertise nutritionally poor foods to children.
69–71
Public health experts
recommend several options to improve the efficacy of the program.
72–74
Due to greater exposure to media and food marketing, these improvements
would also have the greatest benefit for Black and Hispanic youth:
• Thedenitionof“healthierdietarychoices”thatcanbeadvertised
to children should be strengthened to include only products that are
beneficial to children’s health;
• TheInitiativeshouldaddressmarketingtochildrenuptoatleastage14;and
• Thedenitionofchild-directedmarketingshouldbeexpandedtoinclude
media where children constitute 25% or more of the audience: children
are the primary target demographic; and/or the marketing strategies,
techniques, characteristics, or venues have special appeal to children
(as recommended by a Healthy Eating Research commissioned expert
working group).
75
Companies must also directly address their current racial-ethnic targeted
marketing practices. Although the practices identified in this report likely
benefit individual food and beverage, restaurant, and media companies in the
short-term, they also contribute to poor diet among populations with some
of the highest risk for obesity and other diet-related diseases. Therefore,
they contribute to the enormous social and financial costs of these diseases,
and the marketing cannot be sustained in the long-term.
76
Further, focusing
public health resources on interventions that encourage consumers to make
conscious healthier choices alone cannot effectively counteract a food
Conclusions
33
Return to contents >
• FollowingtheleadoftheWaltDisneyCompany,whichestablished
nutrition standards for products advertised on its child-targeted media,
83
companies that own media properties with large audiences of Hispanic
and/or Black youth should identify opportunities to improve the
nutritional quality of foods advertised during targeted programming.
For example, companies could establish standards for the amount of
healthy versus unhealthy foods advertised or provide lower rates to
advertise the healthiest products that do not currently advertise there
(e.g., plain water, fruits, and vegetables).
Furthermore, public health advocacy campaigns should highlight marketing
practices of companies that currently allocate disproportionately more
of their advertising budgets to market unhealthy products to Black and
Hispanic youth, as well as publicly support companies that may choose to
direct marketing for their more nutritious products to these communities.
Previous public health advocacy campaigns that have highlighted the best
and worst marketing practices aimed at children and teens have been
successful at encouraging industry to do the right thing for all children’s
health.
84
Hispanic and Black consumers also could demand that companies
improve the quality of foods marketed to their children and in
their communities.
This report and these recommendations focus on TV food advertising and
other forms of marketing to Hispanic and Black consumers, but these youth
are not unique in their vulnerability to extensive marketing of unhealthy
foods and beverages. Improving the food marketing environment for all
young people, no matter who they are or where they live, would benefit
public health for all.
environment that overwhelming promotes consumption
of unhealthy choices. McKinsey,
77
the White House,
78
and public health advocates also urge key industry
players to enact initiatives to improve the food
marketing environment and make healthier choices the
easiest, most affordable, and most socially acceptable
options. Potential changes to targeted marketing
practices that would improve the food marketing
environment for Black and Hispanic youth include:
• Industrycommitmentstoincreasesalesandmarketing
of healthier products – such as the Healthy Weight
Commitment Foundation,
79
Partnership for a Healthier
America,
80
American Beverage Association’s Balance
Calories Initiative,
81
and the National Restaurant
Association’s Kids LiveWell Program
82
– should also
address advertising in Black- and Hispanic-targeted
media, where healthier categories are
now significantly underrepresented;
• Sugarydrink,candy,andnutritionallypoorsnack
food brands and fast-food restaurants – food and
beverage categories that have been shown to directly
contribute to obesity and other diet-related diseases
among youth – should stop targeting their advertising
to all young people under 18, including
multicultural youth;
Conclusions
34
Return to contents >
References
1
Ogden CL, Carroll MD, Kit BK, Flegal KM
(2014). Prevalence of childhood and adult
obesity in the United States, 2011-2012.
JAMA. 311(8):806-814.
2
Bowman SA, Gortmaker SL, Ebbeling CB,
Pereira MA, Ludwig DS (2004, January). Effects
of fast-food consumption on energy intake
and diet quality among children in a national
household survey. Pediatrics. 113 No. 1:112-
118.
3
Powell LM, Nguyen BT (2013). Fast-food and
full-service restaurant consumption among
children and adolescents: Effect on energy,
beverage, and nutrient intake. JAMA Pediatrics.
167(1):14-20.
4
Giammattei J, Blix G, Marshak HH, Wollitzer
AO, Pettitt DJ (2003). Television watching and
soft drink consumption: Associations with
obesity in 11- to 13-year-old schoolchildren.
Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent
Medicine.157(9):882-886.
5
Powell LM, Nguyen BT, Han E (2012). Energy
intake from restaurants: Demographics and
socioeconomics, 2003-2008. American Journal
of Preventive Medicine. 43(5):498-504.
6
Bowman SA et al. (2004, January).
7
Univision (2012, April 6). Getting Hispanics in
the QSR door. corporate.univision.com/2012/04/
getting-hispanics-in-the-qsr-door-2/.
8
Lowry R, Galuska DA, Fulton JE, Wechsler H,
Kann L, Collins JL (2000). Physical activity, food
choice, and weight management goals and
practices among U.S. college students. American
Journal of Preventive Medicine. 18:18-27.
9
Gordon-Larsen P, Harris KM, Ward DS, Popkin
BM, National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent
Health (2003). Acculturation and overweight-
related behaviors among Hispanic immigrants
to the US: The national longitudinal study of
adolescent health. Social Science and Medicine.
57(11):2023-2034.
10
Basen-Engquist, K., & Chang, M (2011).
Obesity and cancer risk: Recent review and
evidence. Current Oncology Reports, 13 (1),
71-76.
11
Franks PW, Hanson RL, Knowler WC, Sievers
ML, Bennett PH, Looker HC (2010). Childhood
obesity, other cardiovascular risk factors, and
premature death. New England Journal of
Medicine. 362(6):485-493.
12
Lau L, Lin H, Flores G (2012). Racial/ethnic
disparities in health and health care among U.S.
adolescents. Health Serv Res. 47(5):2031-59.
13
Narayan KM, Boyle JP, Thompson TJ, Sorensen
SW, Williamson DF (2003). Lifetime risk for
diabetes mellitus in the United States. JAMA.
290(14):1884-1890.
14
Institute of Medicine (2006). Food marketing
to children and youth: Threat or opportunity?
Washington, DC: National Academies Press.
15
World Health Organization (2010, August
21). Set of recommendations on the marketing
of foods and non-alcoholic beverages to
children. Vol 2012. whqlibdoc.who.int/
publications/2010/9789241500210_eng.pdf
16
Zimmerman FJ, Bell JF (2010). Associations of
television content type and obesity in children.
American Journal of Public Health. 100(2):334-
340.
17
Federal Trade Commission (2012). A review
of food marketing to children and adolescents:
Follow-up report.
18
Shehan CV, Harris JL (2015). Trends
in television food advertising to young
people: 2014 update. Rudd report. www.
uconnruddcenter.org/files/Pdfs/TV%20ads%20
trend%20update%202015.pdf .
19
Powell, L. M., Schermbeck, R. M., &
Chaloupka, F. J. (2013). Nutritional content
of food and beverage products in television
advertisements seen on children’s programming.
Childhood Obesity, 9 (6), 524-531.
20
Kolish ED, Hernandez M, Blanchard K (2012,
January 27). The children’s food and beverage
advertising initiative: A report on compliance
and implementation during 2010 and a five year
retrospective: 2006-2011.
21
Kunkel DL, Castonguay JS, Filer CR. Evaluating
industry self-regulation of food marketing
to children. American Journal of Preventive
Medicine. In press.
22
Powell LM, Harris JL, Fox T (2013). Food
marketing expenditures aimed at youth: Putting
the numbers in context. American Journal of
Preventive Medicine. 45(4), 453-461.
23
Shehan, Harris (2015).
24
Institute of Medicine (2006).
25
Andreyeva T, Kelly IR, Harris JL (2011).
Exposure to food advertising on television:
Associations with children’s fast food and soft
drink consumption and obesity. Economics and
Human Biology. 9(3):221-233.
35
Return to contents >
26
Halford JCG, Boyland MJ, Hughes G, Oliveira
LP, Dovey TM (2007). Beyond-brand effect of
television (TV) food advertisement/commercials
on caloric intake and food choice of 5-7-year-old
children. Appetite. 49:263-267.
27
Harris JL, Bargh JA, Brownell KD (2009).
Priming effects of television food advertising on
eating behavior. Health psychology. 28(4):404-
413.
28
Harris JL, Speers SE, Schwartz MB, Brownell
KD (2012). U.S. food company branded
advergames on the internet: Children’s exposure
and effects on snack consumption. Journal of
Children and Media. 6(1):51-68.
29
Moore ES, Lutz RL (2000). Children,
advertising and product experiences: A
multimethod inquiry. Journal of Consumer
Research. 27:31-48.
30
Roberto C, Baik J, Harris JL, Brownell KD
(2010). The influence of licensed characters
on children’s taste and snack preferences.
Pediatrics. 126(1):88-93.
31
Halford JCG, Boyland MJ, Hughes G, Oliveira
LP, Dovey TM (2007). Beyond-brand effect of
television (TV) food advertisement/commercials
on caloric intake and food choice of 5-7-year-old
children. Appetite. 49:263-267.
32
Harris, Bargh, Brownell (2009).
33
Lappe A. Junkfood industry’s shameful
targeting of Black and Latino youth (2014, May
27). america.aljazeera.com/opinions/2014/5/
junk-food-targetmarketingblacklatinoyouth.html.
34
Grigsby-Toussaint DS, Moise IK, Geiger SD
(2011). Observations of marketing on food
packaging targeted to youth in retail food
stores. Obesity. 19(9):1898-900.
35
Ohri-Vachaspati P, Isgor Z, Rimkus L, Powell
LM, Barker DC, Chaloupka FJ (2014). Child-
directed marketing inside and on the exterior
of fast food restaurants. American Journal of
Preventive Medicin . 48(1):22-30.
36
Powell LM, Rimkus LM, Isgor Z, Barker
D, Chaloupka FJ (2012). Exterior marketing
practices of fast-food restaurants—a BTG
research brief. www.bridgingthegapresearch.
org/_asset/2jc2wr/btg_fast_food_
pricing_032012.pdf
37
Terry-McElrath YM, Turner L, Sandoval
A, Johnston LD, Chaloupka FJ (2014).
Commercialism in US elementary and secondary
school nutrition environments: Trends from 2007
to 2012. JAMA pediatrics. 168(3):234-42.
38
Yancey AK, Cole BL, Brown R, et al (2009). A
cross-sectional prevalence study of ethnically
targeted and general audience outdoor obesity-
related advertising. The Milbank Quarterly.
87:155-184.
39
Rideout VJ, Lauricella A, Wartella E
(2011). Children, media, and race; media
use among white, black, Hispanic and Asian
American children. web5.soc.northwestern.
edu/cmhd/wp-content/uploads/2011/06/
SOCconfReportSingleFinal-1.pdf
40
Nielsen MarketBreaks (2015). http://en-us.
nielsen.com/sitelets/cls/marketbreaks.html.
41
Harris JL, Fleming-Milici F, Sarda V, Schwartz
MB (2012). Food marketing to children and
adolescents: What do parents think? www.
uconnruddcenter.org/files/Pdfs/Rudd_Report_
Parents_Survey_Food_Marketing_2012.pdf
42
Henderson VR, Kelly B (2005). Food
advertising in the age of obesity: Content
analysis of food advertising on generalmarket
and African American television. Journal of
Nutrition Education and Behavior. 37:191-196.
43
Henderson VR, Kelly B (2005).
44
Tirodkar MA, Jain A (2003). Food messages
on African American television shows. American
Journal of Public Health. 93:439-441.
45
Grier SA, Kumanyika SK (2008). The context
for choice: Health implications of targeted food
and beverage marketing to African Americans.
American Journal of Public Health. 98:1616-
1629.
46
Kunkel D, Mastro D, Ortiz M, McKinley C
(2013). Food marketing to children on U.S.
Spanish-language television. Journal of Health
Communication. 19(9):1084-1096.
47
Thompson DA, Flores G, Ebel BE, Christakis
DA (2008). Comida en venta: After-school
advertising on Spanish-language television in
the United States. The Journal of Pediatrics.
152(4):576-581.
48
Kunkel D, Mastro D, Ortiz M, McKinley C
(2013).
49
Kunkel D, Mastro D, Ortiz M, McKinley C
(2013).
References
36
Return to contents >
50
Harris JL, Schwartz M, Munsell CR, Dembek
CR, Liu S (2013). Fast food FACTS 2013:
Measuring progress in nutrition and marketing
to children and teens. www.fastfoodmarketing.
org/media/FastFoodFACTS_Report.pdf .
51
Harris JL, Schwartz M, LoDolce ME,
Munsell C, Fleming-Milici F. (2014). Sugary
drink FACTS 2014: Some progress but much
room for improvement in marketing to
youth. www.sugarydrinkfacts.org/resources/
SugaryDrinkFACTS_Report.pdf .
52
Harris et al. (2013).
53
Grier SA, Kumanyika S (2010). Targeted
marketing and public health. Annual Review of
Public Health. 31(1):349-369.
54
Ringold DJ (1995). Social criticisms of target
marketing. American Behavioral Scientist.
38(4):578-592.
55
Nielsen (2012). State of the Hispanic
consumer: The Hispanic marketing imperative.
www.nielsen.com/us/en/insights/reports/2012/
state-of-the-hispanic-consumer-the-hispanic-
market-imperative.html
56
Brown A (2014). U.S. Hispanic and Asian
populations growing, but for different reasons.
www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2014/06/26/u-
s-hispanic-and-asian-populations-growing-but-
for-different-reasons/.
57
Advertising Age (2014). Hispanic fact pack.
gaia.adage.com/images/bin/pdf/Hispanic_Fact_
Pack_2014_web_rev0730.pdf .
58
Nielsen and Essence (2014). Powerful.
Growing. Influential. The African-American
Consumer.www.popai.com/Research%20Library/
Nielsen%20Essence-2014-african-american-
consumer-report-Sept-2014.pdf .
59
Humphreys JM (2013). The multicultural
economy. http://www.latinocollaborative.com/
wp-content/uploads/2013/10/Multicultural-
Economy-2013-SELIG-Center.pdf .
60
Nielsen and Essence (2014).
61
Ringold DJ (1995).
62
Advertising Age (2014).
63
Nielsen and Essence (2014).
64
Children’s Food & Beverage Advertising
Initiative (2015, June). Foods and beverages
that meet the CFBAI category-specific uniform
nutrition criteria that may be in child-directed
advertising. www.bbb.org/globalassets/shared/
media/cfbai/cfbai-product-list-june-2015_final.
pdf
65
Advertising Age (2014).
66
Nielsen and Essence (2014).
67
Harris JL, Schwartz MB, Munsell CR et al.
(2013). Fast Food FACTS 2013: Measuring
progress in nutrition and marketing to children
and teens. www.fastfoodmarketing.org.
68
Harris et al. (2013).
69
Kraak VI, Story M, Wartella EA, Ginter J.
(2011). Industry progress to market a healthful
diet to American children and adolescents.
American Journal of Preventive Medicine. 41(3),
322-333.
70
Powell, Harris, Fox (2013).
71
Kunkel DL, Castonguay JS, Filer CR (2015).
Evaluating industry self-regulation of food
marketing to children. American Journal of
Preventive Medicine. 49(2), 181-187.
72
Healthy Eating Research (2015).
Recommendations for Responsible
Food Marketing to Children. http://
healthyeatingresearch.org/research/
recommendations-for-responsible-food-
marketing-to-children/
73
Federal Trade Commission (2011). Interagency
Working Group seeks input on proposed
voluntary principles for marketing food to
children. www.ftc.gov/news-events/press-
releases/2011/04/interagency-working-group-
seeks-input-proposed-voluntary
74
World Health Organization (2015). Interim
Report of the Commission on Ending Childhood
Obesity. Commission-ending-childhood-obesity-
interim-report.pdf
75
Healthy Eating Research (2015).
76
McKinsey Global Institute (2014). Overcoming
obesity: An initial economic analysis. www.
mckinsey.com/insights/economic_studies/how_
the_world_could_better_fight_obesity
77
McKinsey Global Institute (2014).
78
The White House (2013). Remarks by the First
Lady during White House convening on food
marketing to children. www.whitehouse.gov/
the-press-office/2013/09/18/remarks-first-lady-
during-white-house-convening-food-marketing
-children
References
37
Return to contents >
79
Healthy Weight Commitment Foundation
(2015). www.healthyweightcommit.org/
80
Partnership for a Healthier America (2015).
2014 Annual Progress Report. progressreports.
ahealthieramerica.org/2014/
81
American Beverage Association (2015).
Balance Calories. www.ameribev.org/nutrition-
science/balance-calories-initiative/
82
National Restaurant Association (2015). Kids
LiveWell Program. www.restaurant.org/Industry-
Impact/Food-Healthy-Living/Kids-LiveWell-
Program
83
The Walt Disney Company (2015). Nutrition
Guidelines. thewaltdisneycompany.com/
citizenship/policies/nutrition-guidelines
84
Harris JL, LoDolce M, Schwartz MB (2015).
Encouraging Big Food to do the right thing for
children’s health: A case study in using research
to improve marketing of sugary cereals. Critical
Public Health. Published online.
85
Children’s Food & Beverage Advertising
Initiative (CFBAI). Fact Sheet. 2014. www.bbb.
org/globalassets/shared/media/cfbai/cfbai-caru-
fact-sheet-aug-2014-final-me.pdf
86
Advertising Age (2014).
87
Nielsen and Essence (2014).
88
Advertising Age (2014).
89
Advertising Age (2014).
90
Nielsen and Essence (2014).
91
Advertising Age (2014).
92
Advertising Age (2014).
93
Advertising Age (2014).
94
Advertising Age (2014).
95
Nielsen and Essence (2014).
96
Advertising Age (2014).
97
Advertising Age (2014).
98
Kolish ED, Enright M, Oberdorff B (2014). The
Children’s Food & Beverage Advertising Initiative
in Action. www.bbb.org/globalassets/local-bbbs/
council-113/media/cfbai/cfbai-2013-progress-
report-dec-2014.pdf
99
CFBAI (2014). What “child-directed
advertising” means under CFBAI. www.bbb.org/
globalassets/local-bbbs/council-113/media/
cfbai/audience-definitions-aug-2014.pdf
100
Harris JL, Sarda V, Schwartz M, Brownell KD
(2013). Redefining child-directed advertising to
reduce unhealthy television food advertising.
American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 44 (4),
358-364.
101
Researchers did not find evidence that
companies advertised these other youth-
targeted brands on child-directed TV, but
children under 12 and teens viewed large
numbers of these ads on other types of TV
programs that adults viewed relatively less
often.
102
Grier, Kumanyika (2010).
103
Grier SA & Kumanyika S (2010). Targeted
marketing and public health. Annual Review of
Public Health ; 31:349369.
104
Kolish ED, Enright M & Oberrdorff B.
(2014). The Children’s Food & Beverage
Advertising Initiative in Action. www.bbb.org/
globalassets/localbbbs/council113/media/cfbai/
cfbai2013progressreportdec2014.pdf
105
Nielsen (2010). How we measure. http://
www.nielsen.com/us/en/solutions/measurement.
html
References
38
Return to contents >
Targeted marketing is the practice of designing
marketing programs that appeal specifically to a
group of consumers whom a company has identified
as particularly attractive for their business,
102
also
known as “culturally-specific” content or marketing.
Methods developed by consumer behavior researchers
to identify targeted marketing include measuring
differences in the concentration of ad placements
across different types of media (e.g., Spanish-language
or Black-targeted media) and differences in exposure by
viewers in different demographic groups, as well
as identification of customized advertising content
(e.g., cultural themes, actors).
103
In this report, we detail marketing by restaurant and
food and beverage companies targeted to Black
and Hispanic consumers, focusing on advertising to
children and adolescents. We include an examination
of company statements about their targeted marketing
practices and analyses of syndicated market research
data from Nielsen.
SCOPE OF ANALYSES
We conducted the research at the company and
brand level, analyzing restaurant, food, and beverage
companies that spent $100 million or more on
advertising in 2013 (n=23) as well as all members of
the Children’s Food and Beverage Advertising Initiative
(CFBAI)
104
as of December 2014 (n=17). We identified
brands from the above companies that spent $4.5
million or more on advertising in 2013 (n=302) for
further analysis. We then excluded brands that spent
less than $500,000 on television advertising in 2013
(n=27) and brands marketed solely on local spot market
television (n=8), providing a final list of 267 brands.
Appendix A.
Methods
We assigned all brands to one of the following categories: 1) food products
(candy, cereal, food preparation/condiments, fruits and vegetables, gum/
mints, prepared meals, savory snacks, sweet snacks, yogurt/other dairy
products, and other); 2) beverages (diet soda, drink mix, juice/water, other
sugary drinks, and regular soda); and 3) restaurants (fast-food and other).
COMPANY STATEMENTS ABOUT TARGETED MARKETING
We first examined publicly available information about companies’
marketing programs to reach and/or appeal to specific segments of the
population, including children, teens, millennials, parents, or families
and multicultural, Spanish/Hispanic/Latino, or Black/African-American
populations. Systematic searches of marketing trade press and reports and
companies’ annual reports and press releases from 2012 to June 2015
identified companies’ statements about their targeted marketing practices.
Company statements were coded according to three primary reasons
given for their targeted marketing strategies: 1) Business opportunity
includes company statements or publications about Black, Hispanic, or
minority consumers that discuss targeted marketing as a business growth
opportunity. These statements may also include information about the
group’s purchasing behavior. 2) Cultural relevance includes references
to unique product offerings or marketing campaigns that aim to reach
Black or Hispanic consumers by connecting to their cultures (e.g., through
recipes, sports, music). 3) Corporate responsibility discusses companies’
philanthropic efforts to provide support (usually financial) to Black or
Hispanic communities (e.g., educational resources, scholarships,
food assistance).
ANALYSES OF SYNDICATED MARKET RESEARCH DATA
As companies rarely disclose their marketing strategies publicly, we also
utilized methods developed by consumer behavior researchers to identify
targeted marketing using syndicated market research data from Nielsen.
Targeted marketing can be identified by the amount of advertising placed in
targeted media (e.g., Spanish-language TV, Black-targeted TV programming)
and differences in the concentration of ad placements across different
types of media and viewers.
39
Return to contents >
MEASURES
The Nielsen data quantified media spending by
company and brand, including amount spent to
advertise on Spanish-language and Black-targeted
TV channels. Nielsen data also provided the number
of TV advertisements viewed (i.e., exposure) by Black,
White, and all children and adolescents and exposure
to advertising on Spanish-language TV by Hispanic
children and adolescents. All data were collected
for advertising in 2013.
Targeted television networks
All advertising on Spanish-language TV was considered
to be targeted to Hispanic audiences. Spanish-language
TV distributors included Azteca, Discovery en Español,
Disovery Familia, ESPN Deportes, Estrella TV, FOX
Deportes, Galavisión, GOL TV, mun2, MundoFox, MTV
Tr3s, Telemundo, UniMás, Univisión, and Univisión
Deportes. Networks were categorized as Black-targeted
if more than 50% of a network’s audience self-identified
as Black according to Nielsen MarketBreaks. Black-
targeted TV distributors included Badami Productions,
BET, Central City Entertainment, Centric, NBA TV, TV
One, and VH1.
Advertising spending
Nielsen tracks amount spent to purchase advertising
in 18 different media. These data provide a measure
of advertising spending. We licensed advertising
spending data for all food, beverage, and restaurant
categories for 2013 and report these numbers by
brand, company, and category. We report the
following advertising spending measures:
• Total ad spending includes the amount spent on all
18 media tracked by Nielsen including TV (including
Spanish-language TV), Internet, radio, magazines,
newspaper, free-standing insert coupons, and
outdoor advertising.
• Total TV ad spending includes advertising expenditures on network,
cable, syndicated, and spot (local) TV.
• Spanish-language TV spending includes advertising expenditures on
all networks that broadcast in Spanish.
• Black-targeted TV spending includes advertising expenditures on all
Black-targeted TV networks (i.e., those with an audience comprised
of more than 50% Black viewers).
In addition, we calculated the percentage of company and brand total TV
advertising spending devoted to Spanish-language and Black-targeted
TV programming.
• Spanish-language % of TV spending was calculated by dividing Spanish-
language TV spending by total TV spending.
• Black-targeted % of TV spending was calculated by dividing Black-
targeted TV spending by total TV spending.
TV advertising exposure
To measure exposure to TV advertising, we also licensed gross rating
points (GRP) data from Nielsen for the same period and companies.
GRPs measure the total audience delivered by a company or brand’s media
schedule. It is expressed as a percent of the population that was exposed
to each commercial over a specified period of time across all types of TV
programming. It is the advertising industry’s standard measure to assess
audience exposure to advertising campaigns, and Nielsen is the most
widely used source for these data.
105
GRPs, therefore, provide an objective
assessment of advertising exposure. In addition, GRPs can be used to
measure advertisements delivered to a specific audience, such as an age or
other demographic group (also known as target rating points or TRPs), and
provide a per capita measure to examine relative exposure between groups.
For example, if a brand had 2,000 GRPs in 2013 for 2- to 11-year-olds and
1,000 GRPs for 25- to 49-year-olds, then we can conclude that children
saw twice as many ads for that brand in 2013 compared with adults.
In the exposure analyses, we obtained 2013 GRP data by age group and
race. We first obtained total GRPs for the following age groups: children
(2-11 years), teens (12-17 years), and adults (18-49 years). These data
Appendix A. Methods
40
Return to contents >
• Hispanic teens for Hispanic viewers ages 12-17 on Spanish-
language networks
As GRPs provide a per capita measure of advertising exposure for specific
demographic groups, we also used GRPs to measure relative exposure to
advertising between demographic groups. We report the following
targeted GRP ratios:
• Child:adult targeted ratio = GRPs for children (2-11) / GRPs for
adults (18-49)
• Teen:adult targeted ratio = GRPs for teens (12-17) / GRPs for
adults (18-49)
• Black:White child targeted ratio = GRPs for Black children (2-11) /
GRPs for White children (2-11). This measure uses only national GRPs.
• Black:White teen targeted ratio = GRPs for Black teens (12- 17) /
GRPs for White teens (12-17). This measure only uses national GRPs.
A targeted ratio greater than 1.0 indicates that on average persons in
the group of interest (e.g., children in the child:adult ratio) viewed more
advertisements than persons in the comparison group (i.e., adults). A
targeted ratio of less than 1.0 indicates that the person in the group of
interest viewed fewer ads. For example, a child:adult targeted ratio of 2.0
indicates that children viewed twice as many ads as adults viewed. If this
ratio is greater than the relative difference in the amount of TV viewed by
each group, we can conclude that the advertiser likely designed a media
plan to reach this specific demographic group more often than would occur
naturally. The average weekly amount of time spent viewing TV in 2013 was
obtained from Nielsen Market Breaks for each age and demographic group
in the analysis.
Identifying targeted brands
We identified targeted marketing as brands that spent a significant amount
to advertise on targeted television programming, as well as those with
advertising that reached disproportionately more of the target audience.
provide total exposure to national (network, cable, and
syndicated) and local (spot market) TV combined. We
also obtained GRPs for advertising viewed by Black and
White youth in the same age groups on national TV only,
as Nielsen does not provide spot market GRPs by race
and age group. To assess exposure by Hispanic youth to
Spanish-language advertising, we provide GRP data for
advertising that occurred on Spanish-language TV.
Nielsen calculates GRPs as the sum of all advertising
exposures for all individuals within a demographic
group, including multiple exposures for individuals (i.e.,
gross impressions), divided by the size of the population,
and multiplied by 100. GRPs can be difficult to interpret.
Therefore, we also use GRP data to calculate the
following TV advertising measures:
Average ads viewed is calculated by dividing total
GRPs for a demographic group during a specific time
period by 100. It provides a measure of ads viewed by
individuals in that demographic group during the time
period measured. For example, if Nielsen reports 2,000
GRPs for 2- to 11-year-olds for a brand in 2013, we can
conclude that on average all 2- to 11-year-olds viewed
20 ads for that brand in 2013. We report average
number of ads viewed in 2013 for the following groups:
• Children for all viewers aged 2-11 years (combined
national and spot TV)
• Teens for all viewers aged 12-17 years (combined
national and spot TV)
• Black children for Black viewers ages 2-11
(national cable, network, and syndicated TV)
• Black teens for Black viewers ages 12-17
(national cable, network, and syndicated TV)
• Hispanic children for Hispanic viewers ages 2-11 on
Spanish-language networks
Appendix A. Methods
41
Return to contents >
• Brandsthatspentover$100,000toadvertiseonBlack-targetednetworks
and had a targeted ratio of 1.9 or greater
i
for Black versus White teens
also were considered to be Black-targeted.
We also identified brands that appeared to target their advertising to
children and teens:
• Brandswithachild:adulttargetedratioof1.5orgreater
ii
were considered
to be child-targeted.
• Brandswithateen:adulttargetedratioof0.9orgreater
iii
were considered
to be teen-targeted.
The following criteria identified brands with TV
advertising targeted to Black and Hispanic consumers:
• Brandsthatspent$100,000ormoretoadvertise
on Spanish-language television were considered
to be Hispanic-targeted.
• Brandsthatspent$500,000ormoretoadvertise
on Black-targeted networks were considered to
be Black-targeted.
Appendix A. Methods
i
On average, in 2013, Black children watched 43% more television compared with White children and Black teens watched 68% more television than White teens. Therefore, a Black:
White teen targeted ratio of 1.9 or higher indicates that companies placed their advertising in programming viewed disproportionately more often by Black youth.
ii
In 2013, children watched 22% less television than adults watched. Therefore, a child:adult targeted ratio of 1.5 or higher indicates that companies placed their advertising in
programming viewed disproportionately more often by children.
iii
In 2013, teens watched 30% less television than adults watched, therefore a teen:adult targeted ratio of 0.9 orhigher indicates that companies likely placed their advertising in
programming viewed disproportionately more often by teens.
43
Return to contents >
3G Capital
Cultural relevance
• Since 2012, Burger King has promoted its products to Hispanic consumers through partnerships
with notable Hispanic celebrities, including Sofia Vergara and Salma Hayek, in Spanish-language
ads for the company.
1 2
These ads generally promoted Burger King’s healthier menu options,
3
although some unhealthy foods, such as chicken tenders, were also included.
Appendix B. Company Statements About Targeted Marketing
44
Return to contents >
Campbell Soup Company
Cultural relevance
• The company reported a multi-faceted approach to address Hispanic consumers, including new
product varieties, community initiatives, targeted bilingual coupons, and television advertising.
5 6
• The CampbellsKitchen.com website features a “Latin Inspired Collection,” noting the creative,
bright, and bold flavors of Latino American cuisine.
7
Recipes on the site, available in both Spanish
and English, include burritos, enchiladas, and empanadas and utilize Campbell products.
• In May 2014, Campbell Soup announced the launch of three “Latin-inspired” condensed soups.
Senior Brand Manager Mark Tumelty suggested that these soups could be a way of creating
flavorful dishes without many additional ingredients.
8
• The company reported that new varieties of Pepperidge Farm Goldfish crackers were launched
to attract Hispanic consumers, utilizing bilingual packaging for a number of its Pepperidge
Farm products.
9 10
• In Campbell Soup’s 2012 annual report, the company stated that it was “exploring ways to make
V8 Splash drinks [a sugary fruit drink] even more relevant to the growing Hispanic market in the
US,” particularly among Hispanic mothers and children.
11
Business opportunity
• Campbell Soup Company highlighted the importance of reaching Hispanic consumers with President
and CEO Denise Morrison noting the rapid growth of Hispanics as a consumer group.
4
Appendix B. Company Statements About Targeted Marketing
45
Return to contents >
Coca-Cola Company
Cultural relevance
• Kimberly Paige, Assistant VP of African-American Marketing, highlighted the need to appeal to all
consumers in a changing America.
15
• Jose Torrens, Brand Manager for Multicultural Marketing, stressed Coca-Cola’s “major focus on engaging
Hispanics through their passion points – whether it be soccer, music, or food…all of our programs look to
reach Hispanics through topics that matter most to them.”
16
• For over 30 years, Coca-Cola has sponsored the Mexican national soccer team. Lauventria Robinson, VP
Multicultural Marketing, noted that 77% of U.S. Hispanics are of Mexican descent and the company will
continue to support the Mexican national team.
17
During the 2014 World Cup, Coca-Cola aired a spot
on Univision Deportes that celebrated the team.
• For several years Coca-Cola sponsored the BET Awards – considered an exceptional opportunity for
advertisers to reach out to Black consumers. The company sponsored the “Coca-Cola Viewers Choice
Award,” with Coca-Cola branding and ads featured on the award website.
18 19 20
Coca-Cola has also
been an exclusive sponsor of the Black-targeted cable channel Aspire and was given creative authority
to develop programming for the channel.
21
Business opportunity
• Bea Perez, VP and Chief Sustainability Officer, stated that focusing on multicultural, particularly
Hispanic, consumers is vital to the company’s future growth.
12
The company estimates that 86% of
its growth through 2020 for its youth-targeted market will come from multicultural consumers.
• Seth Freeman, former Senior Brand Manager of African-American Marketing, noted that Black teens
spend more money per month than teens of other ethnicities and have a strong cultural influence
on other teens, singling this group out as a key target demographic.
13
• Alba Castillo Adamo, Group Director of Hispanic Marketing, emphasized the role of Hispanic consumers
both in the U.S. and abroad. Meaningfully connecting with Hispanic consumers was highlighted as part
of Coca-Cola’s marketing strategy, given this demographic group’s high purchasing power.
14
Appendix B. Company Statements About Targeted Marketing
46
Return to contents >
Corporate responsibility
• Coca-Cola is a sponsor of a number of philanthropic programs, including the Hispanic Scholarship
Fund
22
and NAACP Project HELP (Healthy Eating, Lifestyles and Physical Activity).
23
• In 2015, Coca-Cola expanded its “Pay it Forward” campaign, a Black history program giving four
students an apprenticeship under leading Black icons such as Ne’Yo and Essence President, Michelle
Ebanks. In 2015, students were given a chance to win $5,000 scholarships and a three-day
mentoring experience.
24
Coca-Cola Company (CONTINUED)
47
Return to contents >
ConAgra Foods, Inc.
Cultural relevance
• ConAgra maintains a Hispanic version of its recipe website, “Ready, Set, Eat.”
25
• In 2012, ConAgra partnered with MarketVision to gain deeper insight into Hispanic consumers.
26
Also in 2012, ConAgra became a client of VosLatinum, which captures quantitative data and
qualitative insights into U.S. Hispanic consumers.
27
• ConAgra has engaged in a brand partnership with Kraft for over a decade, for example pairing
promotions of ConAgra’s Ro*Tel canned tomatoes with Kraft’s Velveeta Cheese. New brand
partnerships were launched in late 2013, with social media campaigns going beyond Facebook
and Twitter to target Latino bloggers.
28
Corporate responsibility
• ConAgra mentioned the prominence of child hunger among Latino populations in America in a
2015 company news release. The company pledged to donate up to three million meals in 2015
through the Child Hunger Ends Here program, thereby “empower[ing] a community of people
to help change the realities of child hunger one meal at a time.”
29
Appendix B. Company Statements About Targeted Marketing
48
Return to contents >
Darden Restaurants
Cultural relevance
• Olive Garden aims to connect with the Hispanic community through a Spanish-language version of
its website.
30
In 2010, Ad Age magazine stated that Olive Garden exemplified how marketers could
reach the U.S. Hispanic market by placing ads on Spanish-language TV.
31
Appendix B. Company Statements About Targeted Marketing
49
Return to contents >
dineEquity
Corporate responsibility
• Most dineEquity restaurants are franchises, and local efforts may not reflect executive marketing
decisions. However, examples of philanthropic events at the local level include a 5-borough local
tour in New York City in 2013 in support of Black History Month,
32
and a partnership with the
local YMCA in Nashville, TN to raise funds for the branch’s Latino Achievers Program.
33
Appendix B. Company Statements About Targeted Marketing
50
Return to contents >
Doctor’s Associates
Business opportunity
• From 2009 to 2013, Subway’s Hispanic consumer traffic grew 40% versus 7% for non-Hispanic
consumers. The company attributed this growth to “Hispanics go[ing] to fast food restaurants
more often, in bigger groups, and order[ing] more items than non-Hispanics.”
34
• In a 2012 interview, Subway CMO Tony Pace noted the importance of the Hispanic market for
Subway and said that the company had invested substantially in the U.S. Hispanic market.
35
Cultural relevance
• In 2014, Subway partnered with Univision to better reach the Hispanic market. Gabriela Mangieri
Harper, former Multicultural Marketing Manager, said, “This integration allows us to reach Hispanic
audiences in an engaging and authentic way.”
36
Appendix B. Company Statements About Targeted Marketing
51
Return to contents >
Dr Pepper Snapple Group
Business opportunity
• Olivia Vela, Director of Multicultural Marketing, discussed in an online video how the company uses
modern culture and language messages to target bilingual Hispanic youth to illustrate how the brand
is “winning with this consumer and growing sales.”
37
• Dr Pepper Snapple Group’s (DPSG) 2014 annual report states, “[w]e believe marketing and product
innovations that target fast growing population segments, such as the Hispanic community in the U.S.,
could drive market growth.”
38
• In July 2013, Vice President of Marketing Tim Cote referred to U.S.-born Hispanic millennials as“ a
growing segment” and explained that this group over indexes in traditional beverages, as well as in
energy drinks, a more “American” beverage.
39
• In 2009, DPSG hired Lopez Negrete Communications for the company’s Hispanic advertising efforts.
The agency stated in an Advertising Age article that “our client’s volume is up in a challenging category,
retailers are happy, and there is a strong, relevant relationship now between Latino youth and Dr Pepper
that did not exist before.”
40
Appendix B. Company Statements About Targeted Marketing
52
Return to contents >
• Olivia Vela, Director of Multicultural Marketing, noted how the company directly targets Hispanics:
“It’s about being relevant. Relationships are so important to this audience, and it is important to go to
market in that way. It is perhaps a little different than efforts targeting other consumer segments.”
41
• DPSG’s Chief Executive Officer, Larry Young, stated that the company introduced a Mexican mineral
water brand to the United States to reach the Hispanic market. Young explains, “In our Hispanic pro-
grams in the U.S. we’re bringing in Penafiel from Mexico. We’re just starting right now, but are very
excited by the results we’re seeing to date, and we’ll expand that… [w]e have very targeted Hispanic
markets that we work in – we’re starting to get some real learnings from bringing the Penafiel in
from Mexico.”
42
• In 2009, Dr Pepper sponsored a traveling dance club in a semi-truck. Billboard Magazine reported
that “the club and its music are geared toward bilingual, bicultural Hispanics, and the companion
website, Vida23.com, features information in English and Spanish.”
43
• Dr Pepper featured Pitbull, a Cuban American with a strong, young, urban, and Hispanic appeal, in
English-language television ads. The musician’s “Vida 23” song was written to advertise Dr Pepper soda,
referring to the 23 favors in the product. A Dr Pepper spokesperson cited Pitbull’s “crossover appeal”
as particularly beneficial to the company. Dr Pepper maintains a promotions website in Spanish, and
featured Pitbull’s hit song on it by allowing teenagers to share and remix the song. Advertising Age
credited Dr Pepper’s 9.5% sales increase to U.S. Hispanics to this campaign.
44
• After successfully launching a new luchador, El Nuevo Macho, Dr Pepper TEN became the official
beverage sponsor for the 2013 Lucha Libre USA “Masked Warriors” Tour. According to Olivia Vela,
Director of Multicultural Marketing, “the main idea behind the Lucha Libre USA campaign is to target…
family men who are mostly Spanish-dominant Hispanics… Lucha Libre is a Hispanic campaign within
a total market approach.”
45
• In 2014, Dr Pepper partnered with Telemundo to create the “Los Unicos” sweepstakes. This seven-month
platform used three Telemundo performers: Litzy, a Mexican singer and actress; Carmen Villalobos, a
telenovela actress; and Eugenio Siller, the star of Telemundo’s original production of Reina de Carazones.
These actors were chosen for their appeal as telenovela stars and popularity on social media. This
campaign also included a co-branded calendar featuring 12 Telemundo stars, free with the purchase
of Dr Pepper products.
46
• Dr Pepper featured Latin music singer, Romeo Santos, in its “One of One” series highlighting unique
individuals in the arts, business, sports, and entertainment industries. Santos, the only Latino in the 2014
campaign, was featured in a 30-second ad walking through the Bronx neighborhood where he grew
up and discussing his music and heritage in the bachata style.
47
Corporate responsibility
• The company promotes Dr Pepper at soccer events and has sponsored the Dr Pepper Dallas Cup since
2006. This event is an international, youth soccer tournament where the company donates $40,000
in sports gear to each of the eight winning teams.
48
Dr Pepper Snapple Group (CONTINUED)
53
Return to contents >
General Mills, Inc.
Business opportunity
• General Mills’ 2014 annual report noted the growth of multicultural consumers, particularly Hispanic
consumers. The company emphasized its array of products designed to meet Hispanic needs and noted
its promotion of brands “in outlets where Hispanic consumers shop, with advertising messages that
connect with this growing consumer demographic.” Brands that demonstrated growth in Hispanic
markets included Cinnamon Toast Crunch, Yoplait Go-Gurt, Nature Valley Snacks, and Totino’s Pizza Rolls.
To build on these successes, General Mills suggested promoting these brands on Spanish-language TV,
TV shows with multicultural audiences, radio, and other digital and social media marketing outlets.
50
• General Mills publicized its effort to target multicultural consumers, particularly Black and Hispanic
groups. According to Mark Addicks, General Mills’ CMO, this strategy also influences the general market.
Addicks advised marketers to view Black consumers as market trendsetters who have a big influence on
campaigns if engaged correctly.
51 52 53
Cultural relevance
• To engage with Hispanic consumers, General Mills maintains a dual-language website, QueRicaVida.com.
The site features coupons and recipes for General Mills products and lists specific brands as site
sponsors.
54
• In 2015, General Mills launched a web series aimed at Latinas, featuring bloggers from General Mills’
website QueRicaVida “sharing their experiences around the modern Latina lifestyle.”
55
• General Mills CMO Mark Addicks discussed the benefits of hiring Burrell Communications, an advertis-
ing agency that specializes in developing campaigns aimed at Black consumers, to help launch products.
Addicks explained that “Burrell helped [General Mills] launch Pillsbury Grands! Biscuit Sandwiches with
African-American consumers as the brand champions who could influence the general market. The
campaign featured custom music by gospel group Mary and digital and social media aspects, including
a surprise event at Chicago’s Union Station, integrations on Wendy Williams, in-store activities, and
an activation at Steve Harvey’s Hoodie Awards, which recognizes businesses and professionals
across the nation that serve their communities.”
56
Appendix B. Company Statements About Targeted Marketing
54
Return to contents >
• Addicks highlighted targeted marketing of other popular brands, stating that “some Cheerios
advertisements target Black consumers,” and that Honey Nut Cheerios is a targeted brand that
has particularly “resonated with African-Americans,”
57
also noting that Hamburger Helper radio
and TV advertisements were directed towards Black consumers. Addicks also discussed a Yoplait
‘Curves’ campaign that was targeted to Black women.
58
In 2011, singer Tisha Campbell-Martin
became a spokeswoman for Yoplait to encourage “African-American women to take charge of
their health.”
59
General Mills, Inc. (CONTINUED)
55
Return to contents >
The Hershey Company
Corporate responsibility
• The Hershey Company is a Medallion Sponsor of the Hispanic Heritage Foundation. This organization
honors Latinos for their positive impact in the United States and abroad. The company annually
presents awards at the Hispanic Heritage Foundation Awards.
60
Appendix B. Company Statements About Targeted Marketing
56
Return to contents >
Kellogg Company
Business opportunity
• Speaking at the 2012 Association of National Advertiser’s Multicultural Marketing and Diversity
Conference, Brad Davidson, former Kellogg’s North America President, stressed that, “The Hispanic
business opportunity is undeniable. Kellogg has integrated Hispanic [messaging] into every step of
our business planning process”.
61
• Kellogg has noted an increasing focus upon advertising directed at Hispanic markets, with Brad
Davidson emphasizing the Hispanic market as a core element of the company’s strategy.
62 63
Cultural relevance
• Kellogg proposes that brands investing in the Hispanic market should place at least 10% of their
media budget to Spanish-language TV and has done so with a number of its brands.
64
• In 2014, Kellogg launched DiasGrandiosos.com, a website providing “culturally relevant” recipes and
articles for Latina mothers.
65
In addition to recipes and advice, the site contains Kellogg coupons for
its products.
• Initiatives to increase cultural relevance among Hispanic consumers include partnering with Univision
to drive consumers to Kelloggs’ Spanish-language website and producing more culturally relevant
advertising, and sponsoring community events in markets with high densities of Hispanic consumers.
Kellogg further operates a Family Rewards program in Spanish and English to consolidate brand
loyalty.
66 67
Appendix B. Company Statements About Targeted Marketing
57
Return to contents >
Kraft Foods
Cultural relevance
• With its launch of ComidaKraft.com in 2000, Kraft is recognized as one of the first companies to
create an integrated marketing campaign for a Latino audience.
68
Kraft’s 2015 campaign to reach
Hispanic consumers featured a Spanish-language website with more than 150 fast, budget-friendly
food recipes intended to offer solutions for every occasion. This website was part of the company’s
“Twist that Dish” competition.
69
• In 2012, Kraft launched a Spanish-language campaign for Kraft Macaroni and Cheese called
“Sabemos que te va a encantar” (We know you’re going to love it). Ads for the brand focused
on perceived concerns among Hispanics about preserving one’s culture while eating an American
staple. Ads ended with the tagline, “Mantente 100% Latino” (Stay 100% Latino).
70
• During the 2014 World Cup, Kraft targeted Hispanic consumers with its “Flavor of the
Championship” program.
71
Appendix B. Company Statements About Targeted Marketing
58
Return to contents >
Mars, Incorporated
Cultural relevance
• Since 2007, Mars has used the advertising agency LatinWorks for its campaigns. This agency
specializes in reaching Hispanic consumers.
72
• Mars has promoted brands such as Snickers,
73 74
Starburst,
75
and Twix
76
with Spanish-language
ads and maintains Spanish-language websites for Starburst
77
and Snickers.
78
Corporate responsibility
• In 2014-2015, Mars’ Healthy Communities Program joined with the League of United Latin American
Citizens (LULAC) to offer five $5,000 grants to local LULAC councils to address problems related to
poor health in Latino communities.
79
Appendix B. Company Statements About Targeted Marketing
59
Return to contents >
Mondelez Global, LLC
Cultural relevance
• In 2013, Mondelez announced a three-year soccer sponsorship deal in time for the 2014 World Cup
and 2016 Olympics in Brazil. As part of this deal, Mondelez became the official snack sponsor of the
men’s and women’s national soccer team and official U.S. sponsor for the Mexican Club Deportivo
Guagalajara. Stephen Chriss, Senior Director of Consumer Engagement and Marketing, explained
Mondelez’s sponsorship strategy, “For us it’s about tapping into that cultural relevance of soccer
and putting our brands on that stage.”
80
• The “Mondelez” company name is derived from the Latin words for “delicious” and “world.” The
name is intended to resonate with Hispanic communities, as this population has been key to the
company’s success since its inception as a spin-off from Kraft in 2012.
81
Appendix B. Company Statements About Targeted Marketing
60
Return to contents >
McDonald’s USA, LLC
Business opportunity
• McDonald’s has noted that advertising and menu items targeting minority consumers also will grow
its business among the general market by providing “early exposure to new trends.”
82
• To support its business objectives, McDonald’s partners with Black and Hispanic/Latino communities.
McDonalds’ website states, “We are dedicated to identifying and developing partnerships with key
organizations in support of [the McDonald’s brand]. By establishing and maintaining these relationships,
we will build brand trust in diverse communities and increase our presence with diverse populations.”
83 84
Cultural relevance
• McDonald’s CMO Neil Golden stated when discussing targeted marketing, “We adopted the principle
‘Lead with ethnic insights,’ which is about ensuring that we understand and apply ethnic consumer
perspectives at every point in the marketing process. A foundational part of this idea in practice is our
engagement with African-American consumers in their communities… [The Black 365 Initiative] serves
as an umbrella for different engagements with the community, whether that’s the Inspiration Celebration
Gospel Tour, the All-American High School Basketball Games or our support for the Essence Music
Festival. The name 365 Black says we are committed to being deeply rooted in the community 365
days a year, touching and connecting with consumers.”
85
• McDonald’s maintains several websites aimed at specific audiences, including 365Black.com,
MyInspirAsian.com, and MeEncanta.com.
• In 2014, Advertising Age named McDonald’s as “Marketer of the Year” for its ethnic marketing strat-
egies. Senior Director of U.S. Marketing Creative Aviles Jamison stated, “We make it our job to know
our consumers, and the cultural things that are important to them, and recognize [that] this country is
changing dramatically.” Jamison highlighted that McDonald’s has been a World Cup sponsor “forever”
but previously focused its efforts on Hispanic consumers. Since soccer’s appeal has grown, Avila adds,
“McDonald’s World Cup effort will be broader, and in both Spanish and English.”
86
Appendix B. Company Statements About Targeted Marketing
61
Return to contents >
Corporate responsibility
• The company’s targeted websites contain numerous links to activities to benefit the community. For
example, 365Black.com features scholarships, employment information, music events, and volunteer
opportunities; MyInspirAsian.com features an Asian phrase challenge game and a community events
calendar; and MeEncanta.com offers college scholarships designed to provide financial assistance to
Hispanic high school seniors.
• The National Hispanic Employee Business Network supports McDonald’s with employment opportunities
for Hispanics. Mark Moreno, McDonald’s Vice President and General Manager of the Houston region,
stated that “McDonald’s understood long ago the importance of reaching the Hispanic population by
helping Latino employees leverage their culture in a corporate environment.”
90
• The company’s key partners featured on its website include a diverse set of Asian, Hispanic, and Black
organizations. Current partners include the Asian American Justice Center, the National Association for
the Advancement of Colored People, the National Urban League, the National Council of La Raza, the
Organization of Chinese Americans, the Hispanic Association for Corporate Responsibility, the American
Indian Scholarship Fund, the Asian Pacific Islander American Scholarship Fund, the League of United
Latin American Citizens, the Asian Pacific Institute for Congressional Studies, the Congressional Black
Caucus, and the Congressional Hispanic Caucus.
• McDonald’s franchises also are active in their local communities, and sponsor numerous Black
and Latino-targeted community events (i.e., soccer and basketball games, Camp McD’s, and
mentorship programs).
Appendix B. Company Statements About Targeted Marketing
• In 2013, McDonalds’ FIFA soccer sweepstakes featured a Hispanic-led initiative. Cristina Vilella,
Director of Marketing, stated, “what’s phenomenal is that this [sweepstakes] started as a Hispanic-
led initiative, but it evolved system wide.”
87
• Adam Salgado, VP of U.S. Marketing, has stated that to grow Hispanic consumption “McDonald’s
got deeply involved in music, including the Latin GRAMMY Awards; education, with a generous
scholarship program; and sports like the World Cup.”
88
• In 2014, McDonald’s started a two-week free McCafe coffee campaign. A Univision television star,
Alejandra Espinoza, joined the campaign by serving free coffee at a drive-thru in a Miami McDonald’s.
89
62
Return to contents >
Nestlé U.S.A.
Business opportunity
• Nestlé U.S.A. has voiced its commitment to the burgeoning U.S. Hispanic population. The company
announced a new integrated marketing campaign targeting Hispanic consumers in 2011. This campaign,
called “Construye el Mejor Nido” (Create the Best Nest) was designed to capitalize on the emotional
attachment Hispanic consumers have to Nestlé brands in their home countries, while also introducing
them to U.S.-based brands. Spanish-language TV, social media, in-store marketing, product sampling,
and a Spanish-language website were all used to drive this communication.
91
Cultural relevance
• To stay relevant with Hispanic consumers, Nestlé maintains a dual-language website ElMejorNido.com,
featuring recipes, menu ideas, cooking videos, tips and techniques, as well as promoting a range
of Nestlé brands.
92 93
Recipes further function as content marketing to promote Nestlé products.
• Nestlé engages second- and third-generation Hispanics in “All Your Celebraciones” magazine inserts.
94
Appendix B. Company Statements About Targeted Marketing
63
Return to contents >
PepsiCo, Inc.
Cultural relevance
• PepsiCo has been described as a pioneer of multicultural marketing. Carlos Saavedra, Director of
Culture Marketing, stated that the company aims to reach consumers of diverse ethnicities by creating
marketing that has “crossover appeal.”
96 97 98
PepsiCo routinely highlights music and sports as a
means of transcending borders and cultures to maintain relevance. PepsiCo rebranded its multicultural
team as the “Culture and Music Team” to reflect this marketing strategy.
• PepsiCo’s original Pepsi brand has a long history of using Black and Hispanic celebrities and athletes to
engage multicultural audiences while maintaining cross-cultural appeal. These paid spokespeople have
included Beyonce, Nicki Minaj, Usher, Serena Williams, Usain Bolt, and James Rodriguez.
99 100 101
• Music has been a key element of PepsiCo’s efforts to engage Hispanic audiences. It has previously
sponsored tours for major Latin musicians such as Ricky Martin, Shakira, and Alejandro Sanz.
102
In 2013,
PepsiCo partnered with Tr3s, a music TV network geared towards young Hispanic viewers, to promote its
Viva Hoy campaign, with sweepstakes to meet the popular Mexican DJ Trio 3BallMTY.
103
• PepsiCo’s Brisk iced tea brand launched its own “bodega” to reach Hispanic millennials, including a
digital musical platform and summer music event series in 14 U.S. cities. The BriskBodega.com website
features musicians, athletes, actors, and local celebrities.
104
• PepsiCo’s Mountain Dew brand was strongly criticized for insensitive and poorly conceived advertising
aimed at multicultural urban audiences, leading to the withdrawal of its “Felicia the Goat” spot in 2013.
105
• In May 2015, PepsiCo launched a new brand variety called Pepsi Limon to capitalize on the taste preferences
of Hispanic consumers. According to a Pepsi press release, the product “captures the tart, refreshing taste
that Hispanics love to enjoy.” Limon is made with 2% lime juice and sugar, and the idea for the new
product came from the company’s Hispanic employee group, Adelante.
106
Appendix B. Company Statements About Targeted Marketing
64
Return to contents >
Post Foods, LLC
Cultural relevance
• In 2013, Post’s cereal brand Honey Bunches of Oats launched its “Bunches of Beats” campaign.
Jennifer Brain-Mennes, Director of Media and Public Relations, indicated that the campaign was
aimed at general market and Hispanic audiences, but was driven by Hispanic insights. The first
song launched with the campaign was “Smile While You Shake It,” performed by a two-person
Puerto Rican band called Domino Saints.
108 109
• In 2013 and for several years prior, Post embarked on the multi-city “Tour Positivo,” reaching out
to Hispanic consumers and showcasing brands (particularly Honey Bunches of Oats) while providing
musical entertainment.
110
• Post maintains a Spanish-language version of its website, featuring recipes alongside coupons
and promotions.
111
• In 2013, Honey Bunches of Oats partnered with Walmart and Univision radio to offer New York and
Los Angeles Latinos a shopping experience with celebrity DJs and a shuttle bus to Walmart. Two
prominent Latina bloggers, recognized by the company as representing the voice of Latina moms,
also helped promote the event.
112
Business opportunity
• In 2014, 100% of growth in Post’s cereal portfolio reportedly came from Hispanic consumers.
107
Appendix B. Company Statements About Targeted Marketing
65
Return to contents >
Roark Capital Group
Cultural relevance
• In 2014, Arby’s CMO Rob Lynch noted the importance of appealing to a broader consumer base,
“We will still appeal to our obvious demographic of [consumers ages] 18-34 that have the highest
frequency of visits. But as consumers continue to become more diverse, we will explore marketing
messages that appeal beyond our core.”
• In 2015, Carl’s Jr. and Hardee’s unveiled the Thickburger El Diablo, termed “the hottest burger in
fast food.” According to CMA Brad Haley, the new burger was designed to appeal to a growing
Hispanic market in the Southwest.
113
Appendix B. Company Statements About Targeted Marketing
66
Return to contents >
Sonic
Cultural relevance
• In 2012, SONIC launched a bicultural website with a “distinctly Hispanic flair.”
114
Matt Schein, Senior
Director of Marketing stated that the website was “important to engage our Hispanic customers by
providing an online experience which parallels both their world and the feeling of visiting a nearby
SONIC.” Patricia Burgos, Group Account Director at Lopez Negrete Communications – the agency
SONIC used to create the website – said, “We go a step further and reflect our bicultural target’s
lifestyle, combining the best of their Latino culture with their U.S. experience to create their unique
world.” The company has since discontinued this website, but a Spanish-language menu remains
available online.
115
• Together with Spanish-language menus and websites, SONIC also developed a number of Spanish-
language TV advertisements.
116
• SONIC recently began promoting its products using prominent athletes that provide both minority
and broader market appeal. In 2015, SONIC released TV ads for two new Slushy varieties, featuring
NBA player Kevin Durant.
117
Appendix B. Company Statements About Targeted Marketing
67
Return to contents >
Tyson Foods
Cultural relevance
• In 2013, Jimmy Dean – a traditional American breakfast sausage brand – launched a Spanish-language
TV commercial. Commenting on the ad campaign, Amy Grabow, former VP of Marketing at Jimmy Dean
said, “We are excited to be venturing into such a rich territory with such an important consumer target.
We feel the spot delivers on strong cultural insights and superior creativity that will help deliver our
messages in a meaningful and fun manner.”
118
Corporate responsibility
• In 2014, Tyson partnered with the League of United Latin American Citizens (LULAC) to donate
five truckloads of food to food banks in urban areas of Washington D.C., New York, Los Angeles,
Houston, and Miami.
119
Appendix B. Company Statements About Targeted Marketing
68
Return to contents >
Unilever United States
Cultural relevance
• Hispanic consumers are noted as an important consumer group for Unilever: “At Unilever, we always
strive to develop programs that connect with Hispanic consumers in the most relevant way…
Understanding how Hispanics socially engage helps us to create more effective marketing campaigns
for our brands” said Russel Lilly, Marketing Director of the Multicultural Marketing Team.
120
• Unilever has long sought engagement with Hispanic consumers. In 2007, it launched “Vive Mejor”
(Live Better), a Spanish-language integrated marketing campaign to promote the company’s food
and personal care brands to Latinas through digital, TV, print media, and retail marketing programs.
121 122
In 2012, Unilever added live events targeting Latino families to the campaign, such as in-store beauty
and cooking demonstrations.
123
Appendix B. Company Statements About Targeted Marketing
69
Return to contents >
Wendy’s
Cultural relevance
• In 2013, Wendy’s reached out to Hispanic consumers with its “Mucho Mejor” (So Much Better) ad
campaign, featuring the “Rojos” family. The campaign was intended to convey the shared values of
Wendy’s and the Hispanic community, including “the importance of family, quality food, and striving
for betterment.”
127
Business opportunity
• Wendy’s has emphasized an increased effort to reach Hispanic consumers as part of their overall brand
transformation.
124
Craig Bahner, former Wendy’s CMO, and Liz Geraghty, VP of Brand Marketing, both
noted the growing purchasing power of Hispanic consumers.
125 126
Appendix B. Company Statements About Targeted Marketing
70
Return to contents >
Yum! Brands
Cultural relevance
• Taco Bell, KFC, and Pizza Hut all used Spanish-language marketing communications to appeal to
Hispanic consumers, including Spanish-language TV and/or web ads.
130
• In 2014, Pizza Hut announced a major brand overhaul, which included launching Spanish-language
ordering sites.
131
• Also in 2014, KFC launched a Hispanic targeted ad campaign, emphasizing how the Hispanic community
can be united around the dinner table by sharing KFC fried chicken, chicken tenders, and hot wings.
132
• In 2015, KFC promoted its $5 Fill Ups in a Hispanic-directed ad campaign comparing a rushed American
lunch with a Spanish “almuerzo.”
133
Business opportunity
• Commenting on strategies to position Taco Bell for future growth, CEO Brain Niccol noted the
Hispanic market as a key target group.
128
• In 2014, Taco Bell attributed its growth to the Hispanic oriented “Live Mas” (Live More) campaign
with insights later applied to KFC and Pizza Hut restaurants.
129
Appendix B. Company Statements About Targeted Marketing
71
Return to contents >
Ferrero U.S.A., Inc.
The Dannon Company
Researchers did not find any published information or company statements from Ferrero or Dannon
regarding marketing targeted to Hispanic or Black consumers.
The Rudd Center report entitled “Food advertising targeted to Hispanic and Black youth: Contributing to
health disparities” is an independent publication and has not been authorized, sponsored, or otherwise
approved by 3G Capital, Campbell Soup Company, Coca-Cola Company, ConAgra Foods, Inc., The Dannon
Company, Darden Restaurants, dineEquity, Doctor’s Associates, Dr Pepper Snapple Group, Ferrero U.S.A., Inc.,
General Mills, Inc., The Hershey Company, Kellogg Company, Kraft Foods, Mars, Incorporated, Mondelez
Global, LLC, McDonald’s USA, LLC, Nestle USA, PepsiCo, Inc., Post Foods, LLC, Roark Capital Group, Sonic,
Tyson Foods, Unilever United States, Wendy’s, or Yum! Brands.
Appendix B. Company Statements About Targeted Marketing
72
Return to contents >
Appendix B. References
1
Brand Channel (2012) BK Taps Sofia
Vergara and Salma Hayek to Pitch Salads en
Espanol. Retrieved from http://brandchannel.
com/2012/04/16/bk-taps-sofia-vergara-and-
salma-hayek-to-pitch-salads-en-espanol/
2
A Fig and A Tree (2013) Authentic Campaigns
Resonate with Hispanic Consumers. Retrieved
from http://rachelroyster.com/2013/02/10/
authentic-campaigns-resonate-with-hispanic-
consumers-2/
3
HuffPost Latino Voices (2012) Sofia Vergara
Stars in New Burger Kings Commercial.
Retrieved from http://www.huffingtonpost.
com/2012/04/22/sofia-vergara-burger-king-
commercial_n_1438542.html
4
Baral, S. (2013). Campbell’s targets
Hispanics with nacho cheese soup; is move
too stereotypical? [Website] Retrieved from
http://www.latintimes.com/campbells-
targets-hispanics-nacho-cheese-soup-move-
toostereotypical-135400
5
Campbell Soup Company (2012). Focus forward:
Consumer first. Campbell Soup Company
2012 Annual Report. Retrieved from http://
thomson.mobular.net/thomson/7/3131/4678/
document_0/IAR_2012.pdf
6
Campbell Soup Company (2013). Thinking
Big Acting Bold: A dual mandate for driving
growth. Campbell Soup Company Annual
Report 2013. Retrieved from http://investor.
campbellsoupcompany.com/phoenix.
zhtml?c=88650&p=irol-reportsannual
7
Campbell Soup website (2015) Latin
Inspired Recipes. Retrieved from http://www.
campbellskitchen.com/recipecollections/new%20
latin%20inspired%20collection
8
Food Processing (2014). Campbell intro-
duced New Latin-Inspired Condensed Soups.
Retrieved from http://www.virtualpressoffice.
com/publicsiteContentFileAccess?fileConten-
tId=1609395&fromOtherPageToDisableHisto-
ry=Y&menuName=News&sId=&sInfo=
9
Baral, S. (2013). Campbell’s targets Hispanics
with nacho cheese soup; is move too stereo-
typical? [Website] Retrieved from http://www.
latintimes.com/campbells-targets-hispanics-na-
cho-cheese-soup-move-toostereotypical-135400
10
Campbell Soup Company (2013). Thinking
Big Acting Bold: A dual mandate for driving
growth. Campbell Soup Company Annual
Report 2013. Retrieved from http://investor.
campbellsoupcompany.com/phoenix.
zhtml?c=88650&p=irol-reportsannual
11
Campbell Soup Company (2012). Focus
forward: Consumer first. Campbell Soup
Company 2012 Annual Report. Retrieved
from http://thomson.mobular.net/
thomson/7/3131/4678/document_0/IAR_2012.
pdf
12
Cartagena, C. (2011). Hispanic market the hot
topic at the Nielsen conference. Retrieved from
http://adage.com/article/the-big-tent/hispanic-
market-hot-topic-nielsen-conference/228543/
13
Lukovitz, K. (2011). Coke extends BET
partnership into the store. Retrieved from
http://www.mediapost.com/publications/
article/154215/coke-extends-bet-partnership-
into-the-store.html
14
http://hmc.comm.fsu.edu/blog/coca-colas-
group-director-of-hispanic-marketing-visits-fsu-
students/
15
Zmuda, N. (2012) Coca-Cola’s Kimberly Paige
on thinking beyond ethnicity: Often, consumers
see themselves as more than one marketing
segment. Retrieved from http://adage.com/
article/the-big-tent/coca-cola-s-kimberlypaige-
thinking-ethnicity/232954/
16
Event Marketer (2014) Cover Story: Events that
speak to the Hispanic consumer. Retrieved from
http://www.eventmarketer.com/article/guide-
creating-events-speak-hispanic-consumer/
17
Lukovitz K. (2013). Coca-Cola campaign
celebrates Mexican soccer team. Retrieved
from http://www.mediapost.com/publications/
article/203742/coca-cola-campaign-celebrates-
mexican-soccer-team.html
18
Target Market News (2014). BET Awards
sets record with total viewing audience and
traffic on social media. Retrieved from http://
targetmarketnews.com/storyid07021401.htm
19
Hampp, A. (2008). BET awards a magnet for
marketers. Retrieved from http://adage.com/
article/madisonvinenews/bet-awards-a-magnet-
marketers/127876/
73
Return to contents >
Appendix B. References
20
BET (2014). Viewers Choice Award.
Retrieved from http://www.bet.com/shows/
betawards/2014/nominees/coca-cola-viewers-
choice-winner.html
21
Steinburg, B. (2012). More marketers join
Magic Johnson’s Aspire channel, get big
concessions. Retrieved from http://adage.com/
article/media/magic-johnson-s-aspire-channel-
hands-big-ad-concessions/235537/
22
Hispanic Scholarship Fund (2014). Retrieved
from http://hsf.net/en/sponsors/coca-cola
23
NAACP (2014). Project HELP (Health Eating,
Lifestyles, and Physical Activity). Retrieved from
http://www.naacp.org/pages/2799
24
PR Week (2015) Why brand believe Black
History Month is best celebrated year-round.
Retrieved from http://www.prweek.com/
article/1333799/why-brands-believe-black-
history-month-best-celebrated-year-round
25
ConAgra Foods website (2015) Listo y Servido.
Retrieved from http://www.listoyservido.com/
26
Business Wire (2012) ConAgra Foods Awards
Hispanic Marketing Business to MarketVision.
Retrieved from http://www.businesswire.com/
news/home/20120222006453/en/ConAgra-
Foods-Awards-Hispanic-Marketing-Business-
MarketVision#.VUo3IyFVikp
27
Multicultural Retail 360 (2012) Latimum
Network Launches New Online Community,
VozLatinum, to Help Corporate America Connect
with the U.S. Hispanic Consumer. Retrieved from
http://www.multiculturalretail360.com/latinum-
network-launches-new-online-community-
vozlatinum-to-help-corporate-america-connect-
with-the-u-s-hispanic-consumer/
28
MediaPost (2013) ConAgra, Kraft Expand
Marketing Partnerships. Retrieved from
http://www.mediapost.com/publications/
article/210806/conagra-kraft-expand-marketing-
partnerships.html
29
ConAgra website (2015) ConAgra Foods
seeks to empower the nation to fight child
hunger in America with code entry program
and stories of real “hunger heroes.” Retrieved
from http://www.conagrafoods.com/news-room/
news-ConAgra-Foods-Seeks-To-Empower-The-
Nation-To-Fight-Child-Hunger-In-America-
With-Code-Entry-Program-And-Stories-Of-Real-
Hunger-Heroes-2025190
30
Olive garden Spanish-language website (2015).
Retrieved from http://www.olivegarden.com/es/
pagina-de-inicio
31
AdAge (2010) Olive Garden and Don Francisco
Go to Tuscany. Retrieved from http://adage.com/
article/hispanic-marketing/olive-garden-don-
francisco-tuscany/142977/
32
Western Queens Gazette (2013). Louis
Armstrong house museum joins Black History
Month 5 boro tour. (2013). Retrieved from http://
www.qgazette.com/news/2013-02-06/Features/
Louis_Armstrong_House_Museum_Joins_Black_
History_M.html
33
Latino Achievers (2013). YLA Applebee’s
pancake breakfast. Retrieved from http://
latinoachievers.blogspot.com/2013/10/yla-
applebees-pancake-breakfast.html
34
AdAge (2014) Nissan, Subway, post Foods Join
Hispanic Campaign. Retrieved from http://adage.
com/article/hispanic-marketing/nissan-subway-
post-foods-join-hispanic-campaign/292282/
35
Portada (2012) Tony Pace, CMO of Subway:
“we are looking for a Subway Fan in the Soccer
Field.” Retrieved from http://www.portada-
online.com/2012/01/10/tony-pace-cmo-of-
subway-we-are-looking-for-a-subway-fan-in-the-
soccer-field/
36
QSR (2014) Subway Partners with Univision to
Reach Hispanic Market. Retrieved from http://
www.qsrmagazine.com/news/subway-partners-
univision-reach-hispanic-market
37
UCI Univision Communications Inc. (2011)
Insights to grow your business presented by Dr
Pepper Snapple Group and Univision. Retrieved
from http://corporate.univision.com/2011/10/
univision-insights-dr-pepper/.
74
Return to contents >
Appendix B. References
38
Dr Pepper Snapple Group Annual Report
(2008). Retrieved from http://investor.
drpeppersnapplegroup.com/annual-reports
39
The Association for Convenience and Fuel
retailing (2013). Hey Bubba, meet El Nuevo
Bubba. Retrieved from http://www.nacsonline.
com/magazine/PastIssues/2013/January2013/
Pages/Feature3.aspx
40
AdWeek (2011) Finding the Gold in Hispanic
Marketing. Retrieved from http://www.
adweek.com/sa-article/finding-gold-hispanic-
marketing-130612
41
Event Marketer (2014) Cover Story: Events that
speak to the Hispanic consumer. Retrieved from
http://www.eventmarketer.com/article/guide-
creating-events-speak-hispanic-consumer/
42
BeverageDaily.com (2014) Dr Pepper hopes for
Hispanic “home run” with Mexican sparkling
waters brand Penafiel. Retrieved from http://
www.beveragedaily.com/Manufacturers/
Dr-Pepper-hopes-for-Hispanic-home-run-with-
Mexican-brand-Penafiel
43
Billboard (2009) Dr Pepper Opens “Club 23.”
Retrieved from www.billboard.com/biz/articles/
news/1270461/dr-pepper-opens-club-23
44
AdAge (2010) Hot Pockets, Dr Pepper Win Over
Bicultural Youth. Retrieved from http://adage.
com/article/hispanic-marketing/hot-pockets-dr-
pepper-win-bicultural-youth/141245/
45
Portada (2012) Marketer Interview; Dr Pepper’s
Olivia Vela on her 2013 Marketing Objectives.
Retrieved from http://www.portada-online.
com/2012/12/13/marketer-interview-dr-peppers-
olivia-vela-on-her-2013-marketing-objectives/.
46
Zap2It (2014) Telemundo announces the launch
of “Los Unicos” Sweepstakes with Dr Pepper on
May 19. Retrieved from http://tvbythenumbers.
zap2it.com/2014/05/19/telemundo-announces-
the-launch-of-los-unicos-sweepstakes-with-dr-
pepper-on-may-19/265611/
47
BrandChannel (2014) Dr Pepper pursues Latino
consumers via Telemundo tie-up. Retrieved from
http://brandchannel.com/2014/02/25/dr-pepper-
pursues-latino-consumers-via-telemundo-tie-up/
48
Dr Pepper Dallas Cup website (2014) Dr
Pepper Dallas Cup winners score $40,000 in
sports equipment for their favorite community
organizations. Retrieved from www.dallascup.
com/mediacontent/News/806750.html
49
General Mills website (2015) Annual report
2014: putting the consumer first. Retrieved
from http://www.generalmills.com/en/Company/
publications
50
General Mills website (2015) Annual report
2014: putting the consumer first. Retrieved
from http://www.generalmills.com/en/Company/
publications
51
General Mills (2013). Annual report 2013:
Healthy growth. Retrieved from http://www.
generalmills.com/Company/Reports_Publications.
aspx
52
General Mills (2012). Annual report 2012:
Generating balanced growth. Retrieved from
http://www.generalmills.com/Company/Reports_
Publications.aspx
53
Addicks, M. (2013). Lessons from the
leaders: General Mills. Retrieved from http://
reachingblackconsumers.com/2013/02/food-2/
54
General Mills Que Rica Vida website (2015).
Retrieved from http://www.quericavida.com/
55
Taste of General Mills (2015) ready to celebrate
your best life with Celebra lo Rico. Retrieved from
http://blog.generalmills.com/2015/01/ready-to-
celebrate-your-best-life-with-celebra-lo-rico/
56
AdAge (2012). Reaching Black Consumers:
Lessons from the leaders: General Mills.
Retrieved from http://brandedcontent.adage.
com/pdf/CABblackconsumer.pdf
57
AdAge (2012). Reaching Black Consumers:
Lessons from the leaders: General Mills.
Retrieved from http://brandedcontent.adage.
com/pdf/CABblackconsumer.pdf
58
AdAge (2012). Reaching Black Consumers:
Lessons from the leaders: General Mills.
Retrieved from http://brandedcontent.adage.
com/pdf/CABblackconsumer.pdf
59
Target Market News (2011). Yoplait campaign
encourages healthier lifestyles for African-
American women. Retrieved from http://www.
targetmarketnews.com/storyid01101102.htm
75
Return to contents >
Appendix B. References
60
The Hershey Company website (2013) The
Hershey Company to present the prestigious
vision award to international singer and
actress, Lucero, at the 26th annual Hispanic
heritage awards. Retrieved from http://www.
thehersheycompany.com/newsroom/news-
release.aspx?id=1852324
61
Association of National Advertisers (2012)
Insights and Highlights from the ANA
Multicultural Marketing & Diversity Conference.
Retrieved from http://www.ana.net/blogs/show/
id/24461
62
AdAge (2012) Ram Truck, Kellogg Presidents
Outline Hispanic Strategies at ANA. Retrieved
from http://adage.com/article/hispanic-
marketing/ram-truck-kellogg-presidents-outline-
hispanic-strategies/238035/
63
Ashworth, C. (2012). A win with a total
market strategy. Retrieved from http://corporate.
univision.com/2012/11/a-win-with-a-total-
market-strategy/
64
Ashworth, C. (2012). A win with a total
market strategy. Retrieved from http://corporate.
univision.com/2012/11/a-win-with-a-total-
market-strategy/
65
The Shelby Report. (2014). Kellogg’s online
hub, Dias Grandiosos, targets Latina moms.
Retrieved from http://www.theshelbyreport.
com/2014/04/14/kelloggs-online-hub-
dias-grandiosos-targets-latina-moms/#.
U8a8WL9Uh8E
66
AdAge (2012) Ram Truck, Kellogg Presidents
Outline Hispanic Strategies at ANA. Retrieved
from http://adage.com/article/hispanic-
marketing/ram-truck-kellogg-presidents-outline-
hispanic-strategies/238035/
67
Ashworth, C. (2012). A win with a total
market strategy. Retrieved from http://corporate.
univision.com/2012/11/a-win-with-a-total-
market-strategy/
68
Villa, J. (2012). Are multi-brand programs an
effective way to engage Hispanics digitally?
Retrieved from http://www.mediapost.com/
publications/article/171821/are-multi-brand-
programs-an-effective-way-to-engag.html
69
MediaPost (2015) Kraft Rolls Out Recipe Hub,
Content Marketing Program for “Strapped”
Consumers. Retrieved from http://www.
mediapost.com/publications/article/245363/
kraft-rolls-out-recipe-hub-content-marketing-
prog.html?utm_source=newsletter&utm_
medium=email&utm_content=headline&utm_
campaign=80848
70
Lukovitz, K. (2013). Kraft Mac & Cheese
launches new Hispanic creative. Retrieved
from http://www.mediapost.com/publications/
article/199450/kraft-mac-cheese-launches-new-
hispanic-creative.html
71
Ad Age (2014). Ad Age Hispanic Fact Pack
2014. Retrieved from http://gaia.adage.com/
images/bin/pdf/Hispanic_Fact_Pack_2014_web_
rev0730.pdf
72
LatinWorks (2015) Client List. Retrieved from
http://www.latinworks.com/index_clients.php
73
LatinWorks (2015) LatinWorks create “head-
turning” spot for Snickers. Retrieved from http://
www.latinworks.com/head-turning.html
74
LatinWorks (2015) Snickers commercials.
Retrieved from http://www.latinworks.com/video.
php?from=work&id=58&formato=video
75
LatinWorks (2015) Starburst commercial.
Retrieved from http://www.latinworks.com/video.
php?from=work&id=66&formato=video
76
LatinWorks (2015) Twix commercial. Retrieved
from http://www.latinworks.com/video.
php?from=work&id=67&formato=video
77
LatinWorks (2015) Starburst website. Retrieved
from http://www.latinworks.com/video.
php?from=work&id=65&formato=video
78
LatinWorks (2015) Snickers website. Retrieved
from http://www.latinworks.com/video.
php?from=work&id=59&formato=video
79
League of United Latin American Citizens
(2015) Mars healthy Communities Program.
Retrieved from http://lulac.org/programs/health/
mars_healthy_communities/
76
Return to contents >
Appendix B. References
80
The New York Times (2013) Snacks for soccer
stars, and their fans. Retrieved from http://www.
nytimes.com/2013/10/09/business/media/snacks-
for-soccer-stars-and-their-fans.html?_r=0
81
HuffPost Business (2012) Mondelez, Kraft’s
new name, elicits jokes from all corners.
Retrieved from http://www.huffingtonpost.
com/2012/05/21/mondelez-kraft_n_1533656.
html
82
Helm, B. (2010). Ethnic marketing: McDonald’s
is lovin’ it. Retrieved from http://www.
businessweek.com/magazine/content/10_29/
b4187022876832.htm
83
McDonald’s website (2015) Inclusion &
Diversity section. Retrieved from http://www.
aboutmcdonalds.com/mcd/our_company/
inclusion_and_diversity.html
84
McDonald’s website (2015) External
Partnerships. Retrieved from http://www.
aboutmcdonalds.com/mcd/corporate_careers/
inclusion_and_diversity/external_partnerships.
html
85
Ad Age (2012). In Plain Sight, The Black
Consumer Opportunity. Retrieved from
http://brandedcontent.adage.com/pdf/
CABblackconsumer.pdf
86
AdAge (2014) McDonald’s is marketer of the
year at AHAA’s Hispanic Conference. Retrieved
from http://adage.com/article/hispanic-
marketing/mcdonald-s-marketer-year-ahaa-
conference/292979/
87
Portada (2013) Hispanic-Led Effort Becomes
Systemwide Activation for McDonald’s.
Retrieved from http://www.portada-online.
com/2013/05/24/hispanic-led-effort-
becomes-systemwide-activation-for-
mcdonalds/#ixzz3Ug3zy21x
88
Wentz, L. (2014). McDonald’s is marketer
of the year at AHHA’s Hispanic conference.
Retrieved from http://adage.com/article/hispanic-
marketing/mcdonald-s-marketer-year-ahaa-
conference/292979/
89
O’Loughlin, S. (2014). McDonald’s brews
McCafe surprises. Retrieved from http://www.
eventmarketer.com/article/mcdonalds-brews-
mccafe-surprises-customers/
90
Hispanic Executive (2014) McDonald’s.
Retrieved from http://hispanicexecutive.
com/2014/mcdonalds-2/
91
Nestlé (2011). Nestlé launches construye el
major nido (create the best nest). Retrieved from
http://www.Nestleusa.com/media/pressreleases/
elmejornido
92
Villa, J. (2012). Are multi-brand programs an
effective way to engage Hispanics digitally?
Retrieved from http://www.mediapost.com/
publications/article/171821/are-multi-brand-
programs-an-effective-way-to-engag.html
93
Nestle Spanish-language website (2015)
El major nido. Retrieved from http://www.
elmejornido.com/
94
AdAge (2013) Magazines’ next big goal:
reaching Latinas in English. Retrieved from http://
adage.com/article/media/publishers-reaching-
latina-audiences-english/245036/
95
O’Loughlin, S. (2014). Cover story: Events that
speak to the Hispanic consumer. Retrieved from
http://www.eventmarketer.com/article/guide-
creating-events-speak-hispanic-consumer/
96
Portada Online (2013). ANA multicultural day
1 wrap-up: “Leading with ethnic insights first!”
Retrieved from http://www.portada-online.
com/2013/11/05/ana-multicultural-day-1-wrap-
up/#ixzz2jnPoPxs7
97
MediaPost Communications. (2013). PepsiCo
focuses on multicultural marketing. Retrieved
from http://www.smartbrief.com/10/16/13/
pepsico-focuses-multicultural-marketing#.
U8ffSr9Uh8F
98
Portada Online (2013). Content marketing:
How Pepsi’s “Cultural Fluency” concept
translates into content marketing executions.
Retrieved from https://www.portada-online.
com/2013/11/06/content-marketing-pepsi/
77
Return to contents >
Appendix B. References
99
Latinos Post (2013) Beyonce’s New Sing
“Grown Woman” Debuts in New Pepsi Ad
Commercial. Retrieved from http://www.
latinospost.com/articles/15970/20130404/
beyonces-new-song-grown-woman-debuts-
pepsi-ad-commerical-video.htm
100
ABP Live (2015) Usher, Usain Bolt to promote
“#PepsiChallenge”. Retrieved from http://www.
abplive.in/movies/2015/03/11/article523950.ece/
Usher-Usain-Bolt-to-promote-PepsiChallenge
101
Entertainment Weekly (2012) Nicki Minaj
debuts in new Pepsi commercial: Watch is
here. Retrieved from http://www.ew.com/
article/2012/05/07/nicki-minaj-pepsi-commercial
102
O’Loughlin, S. (2014). Cover story: Events that
speak to the Hispanic consumer. Retrieved from
http://www.eventmarketer.com/article/guide-
creating-events-speak-hispanic-consumer/
103
Sass, E. (2013). Pepsi taps Tr33 for ‘Vive Hoy’
campaign. Retrieved from http://www.mediapost.
com/publications/article/210670/pepsi-taps-tr3s-
for-vive-hoy-campaign.html
104
O’Loughlin, S. (2014). Cover story: Events that
speak to the Hispanic consumer. Retrieved from
http://www.eventmarketer.com/article/guide-
creating-events-speak-hispanic-consumer/
105
Heine, C. (2013). http://www.adweek.com/
news/advertising-branding/mountain-dew-
fiasco-shows-brands-desperately-want-street-
cred-149079
106
PepsiCo website (2015) Pepsi adds bold
flavor to its beverage portfolio with Pepsi Limon.
Retrieved from http://www.pepsico.com/live/
pressrelease/pepsi-adds-bold-flavor-to-its-
beverage-portfolio-with-pepsi-limon05202015
107
UCI Univision Communications Inc. (2014)
Ad Age Highlights Brands Growth by Targeting
Hispanics in Spanish. Retrieved from http://
corporate.univision.com/2014/03/ad-age-
highlights-benefits-of-advertising-in-spanish-for-
hispanics/
108
UCI Univision Communications Inc. (2014)
Ad Age Highlights Brands Growth by Targeting
Hispanics in Spanish. Retrieved from http://
corporate.univision.com/2014/03/ad-age-
highlights-benefits-of-advertising-in-spanish-for-
hispanics/
109
Mobile Marketer (2013) Honey Bunches of
Oats targets Hispanics with music-themed photo-
sharing contest. Retrieved from http://www.
mobilemarketer.com/cms/news/content/16577.
html
110
RFID Journal (2013) At Miami concert, NFC
RFID helps Post Foods market its products.
Retrieved from http://www.rfidjournal.com/
articles/view?10840
111
Post Spanish-language website (2015).
Retrieved from http://es.postfoods.com/
112
HispanicAd.com (2013) Post Foods’ Honey
Bunches of Oats and Walmart Reward Hispanic
Holiday Shoppers. Retrieved from http://
hispanicad.com/agency/promotions-events/post-
foods-honey-bunches-oats-and-walmart-reward-
hispanic-holiday-shoppers
113
AdWeek (2015) Carl’s Jr. is launching
“fat-food’s hottest burger,” designed by an ad
agency. Retrieved from http://www.adweek.com/
news/advertising-branding/carls-jr-and-hardees-
releases-fast-foods-hottest-burger-today-163674
114
Lanza Group Hispanic Marketing, PR & Events
(2015) SONIC launches their new bicultural
website. Retrieved from http://www.lanzagroup.
com/2012/sonic-launched-their-new-bicultural-
website/
115
Sonic website (2015) Menu. Retrieved from
http://sonicwww.s3.amazonaws.com/Content/
pdfs/menuEspanol.pdf
116
Sonic YouTube Channel (2015). Retrieved
from https://www.youtube.com/channel/
UCpRycHNXPaywifhbf9mf49Q
117
AdWeek (2015) Kevin Durant Schools Sonic’s
“Two Guys” in the Brand’s First Athlete-Backed
Ad. Retrieved from http://www.adweek.com/
news/advertising-branding/kevin-durant-schools-
sonics-two-guys-brands-first-athlete-backed-
ad-164331
78
Return to contents >
Appendix B. References
118
Hillshire Brands website (2013) The
Jimmy Dean brand gets Hispanic families
ready for their busy days with the launch
of new breakfast sandwich commercial.
Retrieved from http://www.hillshirebrands.
com/NewsAndMedia/2013News/September/
JD-GETS-HISPANIC-FAMILIES-READY-THEIR-
BUSY-DAYS-LAUNCH-OF-NEW-BFST-SANDWICH-
COMMERCIAL.aspx
119
Tyson Foods (2014). http://
globenewswire.com/news-relea
se/2014/10/09/672120/10102124/en/LULAC-
and-Tyson-Foods-Partner-to-Donate-Five-
Truckloads-of-Protein-to-Food-Banks-in-Five-
Major-U-S-Cities.html
120
WIRED Innovation Insights (2014) Hispanic
consumers have distinct pattern of online social
behaviors. Retrieved from http://insights.wired.
com/profiles/blogs/hispanic-consumers-have-
distinct-pattern-of-online-social#ixzz3VR0dTLe7
121
Neff, J. (2007). Unilever Launches Major
Hispanic-Aimed Marketing Program. Retrieved
from http://adage.com/article/hispanic-
marketing/unilever-launches-major-hispanic-
aimed-marketing-program/116819/
122
AdWeek (2009). Unilever Expands ViveMejor
Initiative. Retrieved from http://www.adweek.
com/news/advertising-branding/unilever-
expands-vivemejor-initiative-106120
123
Marketing Daily (2012). Unilever Ramps Up
Hispanic Marketing. Retrieved from http://www.
mediapost.com/publications/article/171578/
unilever-ramps-up-hispanic-marketing.html
124
Morrison, M. (2013). Wendy’s Introduces
Rojos Family in New Hispanic Campaign.
Retrieved from http://adage.com/article/hispanic-
marketing/wendy-s-introduces-rojos-family-
hispanic-campaign/241426/
125
Morrison, M. (2013). Wendy’s Introduces
Rojos Family in New Hispanic Campaign.
Retrieved from http://adage.com/article/hispanic-
marketing/wendy-s-introduces-rojos-family-
hispanic-campaign/241426/
126
QSR (2014) A new face for quick service.
Retrieved from http://www.qsrmagazine.com/
consumer-trends/new-face-quick-service
127
AdAge (2013) Wendy’s introduced Rojos
Family in new Hispanic campaign. Retrieved from
http://adage.com/article/hispanic-marketing/
wendy-s-introduces-rojos-family-hispanic-
campaign/241426/
128
Morrison, M. (2012. Taco Bell embarks on
media – agency search. Retrieved from http://
adage.com/abstract?article_id=237452
129
Yum! Brands website (2015) 2014 annual
report. Retrieved from http://www.yum.com/
annualreport/
130
AdAge (2013) Why Taco Bell is using Spanish
in English-Language TV ads. Retrieved from
http://adage.com/article/news/taco-bell-spanish-
english-language-tv-ads/240064/; see also iSpot.
tv (2015) KFC Popcorn Nuggets TV Spot, “Niño’s
Indignados”. Retrieved from http://www.ispot.tv/
ad/7xS0/kfc-popcorn-nuggets-nios-indignados-
spanish; see also Portada (2014) Pizza Hut’s
extreme brand revamps on Hispanic with new
Spanish-language site. Retrieved from http://
www.portada-online.com/2014/11/16/pizza-
huts-extreme-brand-revamp-bets-on-hispanics-
with-new-spanish-language-site/.
131
Portada (2014) Pizza Hut’s extreme brand
revamps on Hispanic with new Spanish-language
site. Retrieved from http://www.portada-online.
com/2014/11/16/pizza-huts-extreme-brand-
revamp-bets-on-hispanics-with-new-spanish-
language-site/.
132
Amato-McCoy, D.M. (2014). KFC targets
Hispanic audience with family focused as
campaign. http://nrn.com/advertising/kfc-targets-
hispanic-audience-family-focused-campaign
133
QSR Magazine (2015). KFC rolls out new
promo directed at Hispanics. http://www.
qsrmagazine.com/news/kfc-rolls-out-new-promo-
directed-hispanics
80
Return to contents >
All TV Spanish-language TV Black-targeted TV Black youth exposure (all TV)
Company
Total ad
spending (000)
Total TV ad
spending
(000)
Ads viewed
(All 2-11)
Ads viewed
(All 12-17)
Child:adult
ratio
Teen:adult
ratio
Spending
(000)
% of TV ad
spending
Ads viewed
(Hisp. 2-11)
Ads viewed
(Hisp. 12-17)
Spending
(000)
% of TV ad
spending
Ads viewed
(2-11)
Ads viewed
(12-17)
Black/White
child ratio
(2-11)
Black/White
teen ratio
(12-17)
McDonald’s $992,536 $774,786 301.7 262.1 1.04 0.90 $75,314 9.7% 67.9 54.7 $9,827 1.3% 417 386 1.60 1.83
General Mills $837,941 $797,203 923.3 677.4 1.23 0.90 $33,341 8.3% 99.9 72.7 $7,396 0.9% 1,314 1,007 1.54 1.70
PepsiCo $822,794 $640,951 144.5 279.7 0.42 0.81 $35,734 5.6% 34.2 28.4 $17,974 2.8% 261 469 2.05 1.89
Yum! Brands $822,732 $800,794 181.0 364.5 0.40 0.80 $49,145 6.1% 58.1 46.6 $16,380 2.0% 288 552 1.81 1.69
Kraft Foods $612,232 $370,565 173.0 196.8 0.75 0.85 $47,952 12.9% 53.5 45.5 $2,307 0.6% 243 280 1.52 1.57
Kellogg $560,476 $418,423 269.4 292.2 0.81 0.88 $48,923 11.7% 55.7 41.2 $10,220 2.4% 413 472 1.66 1.76
Doctor’s Associates
(Subway)
$557,654 $507,227 117.6 195.6 0.45 0.76 $30,854 6.1% 28.2 25.4 $7,897 1.6% 167 270 1.75 1.67
Hershey $536,061 $518,713 287.1 514.1 0.43 0.76 $46,582 9.0% 80.4 64.1 $22,985 4.4% 517 845 2.09 1.85
Mars $472,442 $303,846 116.8 244.6 0.43 0.91 $71,554 23.5% 122.6 106.0 $11,226 3.7% 231 435 2.27 2.00
Nestle $361,345 $267,682 115.0 152.2 0.52 0.69 $25,737 9.6% 25.9 18.3 $1,127 0.4% 179 235 1.72 1.67
Campbell Soup Co. $305,081 $193,170 92.9 88.1 0.70 0.66 $9,206 4.8% 13.4 9.3 $450 0.2% 131 122 1.46 1.46
Coca-Cola Co. $301,830 $227,402 25.7 47.0 0.39 0.71 $20,963 9.2% 9.6 8.8 $5,205 2.3% 49 85 2.30 2.11
Wendy’s $289,834 $257,233 93.7 143.7 0.55 0.85 $31,836 12.4% 37.4 31.3 $9,569 3.7% 149 236 1.93 1.99
3G Capital $264,222 $239,749 55.5 111.3 0.35 0.70 $25,017 10.4% 35.5 28.4 $4,345 1.8% 88 160 1.84 1.66
Roark Capital Group $245,367 $223,026 35.4 61.8 0.37 0.64 $0 0.0% 0.0 0.0 $1,061 0.5% 31 53 1.62 1.47
dineEquity $220,317 $209,974 80.4 99.1 0.52 0.64 $0 0.0% 0.0 0.0 $4,429 2.1% 115 145 1.52 1.57
Sonic $221,486 $209,189 52.8 99.5 0.42 0.80 $13,050 6.2% 19.6 14.0 $4,759 2.3% 80 142 1.88 1.69
Darden Restaurants $208,692 $202,306 56.9 94.0 0.40 0.67 $19,207 9.5% 30.3 22.3 $3,439 1.7% 82 120 1.58 1.37
TABLE 1. TARGETED ADVERTISING BY COMPANY
Appendix C. Supplemental Tables
CONTINUES ON THE NEXT PAGE
>
81
Return to contents >
All TV Spanish-language TV Black-targeted TV Black youth exposure (all TV)
Company
Total ad
spending
(000)
Total TV ad
spending
(000)
Ads viewed
(All 2-11)
Ads viewed
(All 12-17)
Child:adult
ratio
Teen:adult
ratio
Spending
(000)
% of TV ad
spending
Ads viewed
(Hisp. 2-11)
Ads viewed
(Hisp. 12-17)
Spending
(000)
% of TV ad
spending
Ads viewed
(2-11)
Ads viewed
(12-17)
Black/White
child ratio
(2-11)
Black/White
teen ratio
(12-17)
Dr Pepper Snapple Group $180,683 $146,225 33.1 69.1 0.44 0.93 $20,330 13.9% 10.7 9.8 $6,153 4.2% 59 114 2.16 1.93
Tyson Foods $159,519 $121,068 63.2 86.2 0.49 0.66 $8,196 6.8% 10.9 7.1 $3,910 3.2% 103 136 1.76 1.68
Mondelez Global $158,924 $112,625 78.0 118.4 0.65 0.98 $4,090 3.6% 8.0 7.0 $3,441 3.1% 127 186 1.82 1.75
ConAgra Foods $158,823 $116,299 60.4 70.2 0.59 0.69 $8,941 7.7% 11.5 8.7 $0 0.0% 86 97 1.53 1.48
Unilever $144,385 $111,624 33.5 50.3 0.44 0.67 $6,050 5.4% 8.5 6.0 $4,811 4.3% 55 79 2.23 2.11
Post Foods $90,094 $70,625 70.5 52.7 1.09 0.82 $9,669 13.7% 13.4 10.7 $297 0.4% 94 81 1.47 1.75
Groupe Danone $86,143 $78,131 51.1 40.5 0.84 0.67 $0 0.0% 0.0 0.0 $74 0.1% 70 61 1.45 1.63
Ferrero $54,122 $42,604 16.2 24.1 0.48 0.72 $7 0.0% 0.0 0.0 $1,920 4.5% 30 44 1.97 1.97
Total $9,655,736 $7,961,443 3,528.7 4,435.2 0.64 0.80 $674,700 8.5% 835.2 666.3 $161,203 2.0% 5,377 6,812 1.71 1.75
Company average $371,374 $306,209 135.7 170.6 0.59 0.77 $25,950 7.9% 32.1 25.6 $6,200 2.1% 207 262 1.79 1.74
TABLE 1. TARGETED ADVERTISING BY COMPANY (CONTINUED)
Appendix C. Supplemental Tables
82
Return to contents >
TABLE 2. BRANDS TARGETED TO HISPANIC CONSUMERS*
All TV Spanish-language TV
Company Brand Category
Child/teen
targeted
Black targeted
Total TV
spending (000)
Ads viewed
(All 2-11)
Ads viewed
(All 12-17)
Child:adult
ratio
Teen:adult
ratio
Spending
(000)
% of TV ad
spending
Ads viewed
(Hisp. 2-11)
Ads viewed
(Hisp. 12-17)
McDonald’s McDonald’s Fast food
p p
$774,362 301.6 262.1 1.04 0.90 $75,246 9.7% 67.9 54.7
Wendy’s Wendy’s Fast food
p
$257,215 93.7 143.7 0.55 0.85 $31,836 12.4% 37.4 31.3
Doctor’s Associates Subway Fast food
p
$507,129 117.6 195.6 0.45 0.76 $30,854 6.1% 28.2 25.4
3G Capital Burger King Fast food
p
$226,610 54.6 109.7 0.35 0.71 $25,017 11.0% 35.5 28.4
Yum! Brands Taco Bell Fast food
p
$302,328 69.8 155.6 0.39 0.88 $22,364 7.4% 24.5 20.9
Darden Restaurants Olive Garden Other restaurant
p
$158,968 42.0 70.3 0.41 0.68 $19,207 12.1% 30.3 22.3
General Mills Cheerios Cereal
p
$165,825 108.7 92.0 0.86 0.73 $17,214 10.4% 25.6 18.7
Mars M&Ms Candy
p
$93,817 30.0 55.3 0.41 0.75 $17,063 18.2% 28.8 24.6
Coca-Cola Co. Coca-Cola Classic Regular soda
p
$84,918 5.5 8.6 0.46 0.73 $15,793 18.6% 7.0 5.9
Yum! Brands KFC Fast food
p
$257,303 45.2 83.0 0.38 0.69 $14,842 5.8% 15.9 12.7
Mars Snickers Candy Bar Candy
p
$41,849 11.0 21.2 0.39 0.75 $14,040 33.5% 22.6 19.3
Sonic Sonic Fast food
p
$209,189 52.8 99.5 0.42 0.80 $13,050 6.2% 19.6 14.0
Hershey Hershey’s Candy Bar Candy
p
$61,068 27.6 49.3 0.42 0.76 $12,950 21.2% 22.7 18.0
Mars Twix Candy
p p
$37,322 16.8 39.6 0.45 1.06 $12,784 34.3% 22.5 19.5
Yum! Brands Pizza Hut Fast food
p
$237,177 64.8 124.6 0.42 0.80 $11,940 5.0% 17.7 13.0
Dr Pepper Snapple Group 7Up Regular soda $10,707 0.0 0.0 0.89 0.79 $10,705 100.0% 2.7 2.4
Kraft Foods Kraft Macaroni and Cheese Prepared meals $29,189 4.9 7.9 0.43 0.69 $10,596 36.3% 10.7 9.7
Kraft Foods Kraft Singles Yogurt/other dairy $22,923 2.9 4.6 0.34 0.54 $10,456 45.6% 11.7 9.6
General Mills Cinnamon Toast Crunch Cereal
p
$38,602 88.6 52.5 2.13 1.26 $10,362 26.8% 15.2 11.5
CONTINUES ON THE NEXT PAGE
>
Appendix C. Supplemental Tables
83
Return to contents >
TABLE 2. BRANDS TARGETED TO HISPANIC CONSUMERS* (CONTINUED)
All TV Spanish-language TV
Company Brand Category
Child/teen
targeted
Black targeted
Total TV
spending (000)
Ads viewed
(All 2-11)
Ads viewed
(All 12-17)
Child:adult
ratio
Teen:adult
ratio
Spending
(000)
% of TV ad
spending
Ads viewed
(Hisp. 2-11)
Ads viewed
(Hisp. 12-17)
Hershey Hershey’s Chocolate Syrup
Food prep/
condiments
p
$27,099 10.8 18.1 0.42 0.71 $9,967 36.8% 16.4 13.3
PepsiCo Pepsi Regular soda
p
$89,984 8.8 18.5 0.38 0.80 $9,753 10.8% 5.8 4.9
Post Foods Honey Bunches of Oats Cereal $40,228 11.9 15.0 0.35 0.44 $9,669 24.0% 13.4 10.7
Dr Pepper Snapple Group Dr Pepper Regular soda
p
$49,704 6.0 12.4 0.41 0.84 $9,625 19.4% 8.0 7.4
Mars Orbit Gum/mints
p p
$27,800 7.4 17.2 0.39 0.92 $9,596 34.5% 16.8 15.1
Hershey Jolly Rancher Candy
p
$24,817 9.5 17.4 0.42 0.77 $8,742 35.2% 14.8 12.0
Mars 5 Chewing Gum Gum/mints
p p
$23,706 8.9 20.7 0.44 1.02 $8,574 36.2% 16.0 13.9
General Mills NatureValleySnackBar Sweet snacks $33,080 14.5 18.2 0.56 0.70 $8,498 25.7% 11.9 8.6
Hershey Hershey’s Kisses Candy
p
$50,275 25.4 43.2 0.43 0.74 $8,275 16.5% 15.7 12.0
Tyson Foods Tyson Frozen Entrees Prepared meals
p p
$14,404 16.2 20.9 0.71 0.91 $8,196 56.9% 10.9 7.1
Kellogg Pop Tarts Sweet snacks
p p
$29,342 22.2 42.3 0.65 1.23 $7,702 26.3% 8.4 6.4
Kellogg Special K Cereal
p
$44,908 11.7 16.9 0.42 0.61 $7,416 16.5% 6.8 5.1
General Mills Totino’s Pizza Rolls Prepared meals $22,879 10.2 13.7 0.53 0.71 $6,868 30.0% 11.8 9.0
Kraft Foods Jell-O Pudding Snacks Sweet snacks $21,856 3.1 5.0 0.43 0.68 $6,764 30.9% 6.0 4.5
PepsiCo PepsiNext Regular soda $28,236 4.6 8.3 0.38 0.69 $6,666 23.6% 4.6 4.1
Hershey Kit-Kat Candy
p
$29,654 14.1 27.3 0.42 0.82 $6,504 21.9% 10.6 8.6
Kellogg Frosted Flakes Cereal
p
$36,718 30.7 24.3 1.63 1.29 $6,174 16.8% 5.9 4.3
Mars Skittles Candy
p p
$18,745 8.5 22.5 0.50 1.32 $5,900 31.5% 11.5 9.9
PepsiCo QuakerOatmeal Cereal $23,245 5.9 8.3 0.45 0.63 $5,513 23.7% 6.1 4.6
CONTINUES ON THE NEXT PAGE
>
Appendix C. Supplemental Tables
84
Return to contents >
TABLE 2. BRANDS TARGETED TO HISPANIC CONSUMERS* (CONTINUED)
All TV Spanish-language TV
Company Brand Category
Child/teen
targeted
Black targeted
Total TV
spending (000)
Ads viewed
(All 2-11)
Ads viewed
(All 12-17)
Child:adult
ratio
Teen:adult
ratio
Spending
(000)
% of TV ad
spending
Ads viewed
(Hisp. 2-11)
Ads viewed
(Hisp. 12-17)
General Mills Progresso Soup Prepared meals $29,301 8.4 10.2 0.37 0.45 $5,247 17.9% 8.0 5.5
Nestle Nestle Coffee-Mate Cream
Food prep/
condiments
$17,951 2.3 3.0 0.32 0.42 $5,031 28.0% 4.8 3.5
Kraft Foods Kraft Mayonnaise
Food prep/
condiments
$4,890 0.0 0.0 0.48 0.04 $4,889 100.0% 5.4 4.8
Kraft Foods Oscar Mayer Deli Fresh Other $14,393 1.6 2.4 0.29 0.44 $4,874 33.9% 5.9 4.7
Kellogg Frosted Mini-Wheats Cereal
p
$41,595 9.3 14.3 0.38 0.59 $4,833 11.6% 4.0 2.8
Kraft Foods Lunchables Prepared meals
p
$21,284 56.5 47.6 2.60 2.19 $4,427 20.8% 5.5 4.7
Nestle
Nescafe Classico Instant
Coffee
Other $7,045 0.9 1.2 0.41 0.54 $4,258 60.4% 4.1 2.7
Unilever Knorr Seasonings
Food prep/
condiments
$4,741 0.0 0.0 0.21 0.29 $4,245 89.5% 5.6 4.0
PepsiCo Chee-tosMix-Ups Savory snacks
p p
$12,601 3.6 6.9 0.48 0.92 $4,049 32.1% 7.1 6.3
General Mills Yoplait Light Yogurt/other dairy
p
$57,119 17.6 26.1 0.47 0.69 $4,028 7.1% 5.2 3.7
Kellogg Cheez-It Crackers Savory snacks $24,790 6.7 11.3 0.39 0.65 $4,018 16.2% 5.3 3.9
Kellogg Eggo Waffles Prepared meals
p
$31,342 17.2 18.3 0.69 0.74 $3,991 12.7% 4.6 3.5
General Mills Big G Cereals Cereal
p p
$12,698 38.7 22.0 2.64 1.50 $3,957 31.2% 5.3 3.9
Campbell Soup Co. Prego Pasta Sauce
Food prep/
condiments
$15,013 2.7 3.5 0.35 0.45 $3,646 24.3% 5.7 3.9
Mars Extra Gum/mints
p p
$6,292 3.2 6.7 0.44 0.91 $3,333 53.0% 3.6 3.1
Kellogg Pringles Savory snacks $15,107 5.7 8.4 0.42 0.62 $3,311 21.9% 4.6 3.5
Coca-Cola Co. Powerade Sports Drinks Other sugary drinks $17,519 0.3 0.6 0.30 0.51 $3,244 18.5% 0.6 0.7
Kellogg Special K Food Products Other $23,772 5.9 8.9 0.40 0.61 $2,968 12.5% 4.6 3.3
PepsiCo QuakerChewyBar Sweet snacks $15,001 3.8 5.4 0.45 0.64 $2,748 18.3% 2.7 2.0
CONTINUES ON THE NEXT PAGE
>
Appendix C. Supplemental Tables
85
Return to contents >
TABLE 2. BRANDS TARGETED TO HISPANIC CONSUMERS* (CONTINUED)
All TV Spanish-language TV
Company Brand Category
Child/teen
targeted
Black targeted
Total TV
spending (000)
Ads viewed
(All 2-11)
Ads viewed
(All 12-17)
Child:adult
ratio
Teen:adult
ratio
Spending
(000)
% of TV ad
spending
Ads viewed
(Hisp. 2-11)
Ads viewed
(Hisp. 12-17)
Campbell Soup Co. Campbell’s Homestyle Soup Prepared meals $11,733 2.9 3.8 0.40 0.52 $2,639 22.5% 2.4 1.7
Kellogg Special K Crackers Savory snacks $14,642 4.8 7.1 0.37 0.55 $2,601 17.8% 2.6 1.9
PepsiCo Tropicana Farmstand Juice/water $24,144 4.5 6.5 0.40 0.58 $2,425 10.0% 2.9 2.0
ConAgra Foods Hunt’s Sauce
Food prep/
condiments
$5,703 1.0 1.3 0.44 0.59 $2,399 42.1% 2.8 2.1
General Mills Pillsbury Toaster Strudel Sweet snacks $28,536 17.9 24.1 0.51 0.68 $2,183 7.7% 4.0 2.8
Campbell Soup Co. V8V-Fusion Juice/water $7,224 1.6 2.1 0.29 0.40 $2,167 30.0% 3.9 2.7
ConAgra Foods Chef Boyardee Pasta Dinners Prepared meals $6,189 3.0 2.8 0.85 0.78 $2,155 34.8% 2.8 2.2
Mondelez Global Trident Gum/mints
p p
$10,661 5.8 14.3 0.49 1.23 $1,995 18.7% 4.6 3.8
General Mills Fiber One Snack Bar Sweet snacks $33,364 14.3 19.5 0.44 0.60 $1,969 5.9% 2.7 2.0
PepsiCo Lay’s Potato Chips Savory snacks
p
$30,205 11.1 22.3 0.44 0.88 $1,861 6.2% 1.6 1.1
Kellogg Nutri-Grain Snack Bar Sweet snacks $15,857 3.9 5.9 0.36 0.56 $1,845 11.6% 2.4 1.7
ConAgra Foods
PF Chang’s Home Menu
Frozen Entrees
Prepared meals $4,039 2.1 3.2 0.42 0.63 $1,827 45.2% 2.4 1.8
Unilever
Hellmann’s/Best Foods
Mayonnaise
Food prep/
condiments
$22,995 3.7 4.1 0.37 0.40 $1,805 7.9% 2.9 2.1
Nestle
Coffee-Mate
Non-Dairy Creamer
Food prep/
condiments
$8,948 1.6 2.3 0.34 0.47 $1,748 19.5% 1.8 1.2
General Mills Pillsbury Grands! Dough
Food prep/
condiments
p
$34,589 17.6 21.9 0.47 0.59 $1,691 4.9% 3.0 2.1
Kraft Foods Philadelphia Cream Cheese Yogurt/other dairy $19,798 5.4 8.5 0.35 0.56 $1,458 7.4% 1.6 1.3
PepsiCo Diet Pepsi Diet soda $30,479 3.8 6.1 0.35 0.56 $1,155 3.8% 0.7 0.6
General Mills Yoplait Yogurt/other dairy $42,039 10.2 13.9 0.50 0.68 $1,144 2.7% 1.9 1.4
General Mills Fiber One Brownies Sweet snacks $13,715 4.4 6.0 0.43 0.59 $1,140 8.3% 1.4 0.9
CONTINUES ON THE NEXT PAGE
>
Appendix C. Supplemental Tables
86
Return to contents >
TABLE 2. BRANDS TARGETED TO HISPANIC CONSUMERS* (CONTINUED)
All TV Spanish-language TV
Company Brand Category
Child/teen
targeted
Black targeted
Total TV
spending (000)
Ads viewed
(All 2-11)
Ads viewed
(All 12-17)
Child:adult
ratio
Teen:adult
ratio
Spending
(000)
% of TV ad
spending
Ads viewed
(Hisp. 2-11)
Ads viewed
(Hisp. 12-17)
PepsiCo Chee-tos Snacks Savory snacks
p p
$17,507 10.9 19.9 0.49 0.90 $1,026 5.9% 1.8 1.6
Nestle Stouffers Frozen Entrees Prepared meals $25,938 11.0 15.3 0.40 0.56 $983 3.8% 1.6 1.2
General Mills Lucky Charms Cereal
p p
$20,408 70.4 38.1 2.76 1.50 $953 4.7% 2.0 1.3
Coca-Cola Co. Fuze Iced Tea Other sugary drinks $901 0.0 0.0 0.00 0.00 $900 99.9% 0.9 1.0
Mondelez Global Nabisco Sweet snacks
p
$21,370 6.5 12.0 0.47 0.87 $851 4.0% 0.8 0.8
Campbell Soup Co.
Prego Homestyle Pasta
Sauce
Food prep/
condiments
$6,301 1.6 1.9 0.39 0.46 $755 12.0% 1.4 1.0
ConAgra Foods
Orville Redenbacher
Pop-Crunch Popcorn
Savory snacks $6,935 1.7 2.6 0.43 0.68 $746 10.8% 0.9 0.8
Kellogg Raisin Bran Cereal $19,004 7.1 10.0 0.46 0.64 $704 3.7% 0.7 0.5
Coca-Cola Co. Coke Zero Diet soda $32,962 1.8 2.5 0.33 0.46 $624 1.9% 0.3 0.3
PepsiCo Mountain Dew Kickstart Regular soda
p p
$16,853 4.4 11.6 0.38 1.00 $539 3.2% 0.9 1.3
ConAgra Foods
Orville Redenbacher Pop-Up
Bowl Popcorn
Savory snacks $5,355 0.6 0.9 0.33 0.50 $481 9.0% 0.5 0.4
Coca-Cola Co. GlaceauVitaminwater Other sugary drinks
p p
$15,196 3.4 9.9 0.43 1.24 $240 1.6% 0.6 0.8
Mars Starburst Candy
p p
$14,390 10.1 26.8 0.53 1.39 $219 1.5% 0.6 0.5
Kraft Foods Mio Fit Drinkmix
p p
$16,465 5.5 13.1 0.39 0.93 $189 1.1% 0.4 0.6
Hershey Jolly Rancher Bites Candy
p
$15,741 10.3 18.5 0.43 0.77 $142 0.9% 0.2 0.2
Kraft Foods Mio Drinkmix
p
$5,977 3.8 9.4 0.41 1.00 $104 1.7% 0.4 0.6
Total
$5,313,797 1,821.3 2,510.6 $649,480 803.3 641.8
Brand average
$55,780 19.8 27.3 0.54 0.75 $7,060 22.0% 8.7 7.0
*Allbrandsspending$100,000ormoreinadvertisingonSpanish-languageTV
Appendix C. Supplemental Tables
87
Return to contents >
TABLE 3. BRANDS TARGETED TO BLACK CONSUMERS*
All TV Black-targeted TV Black youth exposure (All TV)
Company Brand Category
Child/teen
targeted
Hispanic
targeted
Total TV
spending
(000)
Ads viewed
(All 2-11)
Ads viewed
(All 12-17)
Child:adult
ratio
Teen:adult
ratio
Spending
(000)
% of TV ad
spending
Ads viewed
(2-11)
Ads viewed
(12-17)
Black:White
child ratio
(2-11)
Black:White
teen ratio
(12-17)
Wendy’s Wendy’s Fast food
p
$257,215 93.7 143.7 0.55 0.85 $9,569 3.7% 148.9 235.8 1.93 1.99
McDonald’s McDonald’s Fast food
p p
$774,362 301.6 262.1 1.04 0.90 $9,252 1.2% 416.6 385.6 1.60 1.83
Yum! Brands Taco Bell Fast food
p
$302,328 69.8 155.6 0.39 0.88 $8,521 2.8% 120.5 246.3 2.01 1.80
Doctor’s Associates Subway Fast food
p
$507,129 117.6 195.6 0.45 0.76 $7,897 1.6% 166.9 270.0 1.75 1.67
Yum! Brands Pizza Hut Fast food
p
$237,177 64.8 124.6 0.42 0.80 $5,373 2.3% 100.6 186.4 1.71 1.62
Sonic Sonic Fast food
p
$209,189 52.8 99.5 0.42 0.80 $4,759 2.3% 79.8 141.7 1.88 1.69
dineEquity Applebees Other restaurant $174,152 47.4 71.5 0.46 0.70 $4,364 3.0% 78.0 115.0 1.70 1.68
3G Capital Burger King Fast food
p
$226,610 54.6 109.7 0.35 0.71 $4,345 1.9% 87.5 161.8 1.84 1.66
Kellogg Pop Tarts Sweet snacks
p p
$29,342 22.2 42.3 0.65 1.23 $4,210 14.3% 52.2 92.2 2.93 2.62
Darden Restaurants Olive Garden Other restaurants
p
$158,968 42.0 70.3 0.41 0.68 $3,439 2.2% 66.0 95.4 1.75 1.49
Tyson Foods Tyson Frozen Entrees Prepared meals
p p
$14,404 16.2 20.9 0.71 0.91 $2,554 17.7% 30.3 42.2 2.05 2.36
Hershey Reeses Peanut Butter Cups Candy $67,322 31.4 59.3 0.43 0.81 $2,537 3.8% 54.2 95.3 2.01 1.83
Yum! Brands KFC Fast food
p
$257,303 45.2 83.0 0.38 0.69 $2,486 1.0% 66.8 119.4 1.65 1.58
PepsiCo Gatorade Sports Drinks Other sugary drinks
p
$89,813 15.6 33.1 0.48 1.02 $2,352 2.6% 28.7 56.3 2.11 1.95
Mars M&Ms Candy $93,817 30.0 55.3 0.41 0.75 $2,197 2.3% 53.9 91.8 2.06 1.86
PepsiCo Lay’s Potato Chips Savory snacks
p
$30,205 11.1 22.3 0.44 0.88 $2,163 7.2% 23.5 42.3 2.45 2.20
Hershey Hershey’s Kisses Candy
p
$50,275 25.4 43.2 0.43 0.74 $2,071 4.1% 44.8 70.7 2.05 1.84
Hershey Hershey’s Candy Bar Candy
p
$61,068 27.6 49.3 0.42 0.76 $2,005 3.3% 49.7 80.5 2.12 1.86
Coca-Cola Co. Coca-Cola Classic Regular soda
p
$84,918 5.5 8.6 0.46 0.73 $1,923 2.3% 12.2 20.2 3.00 3.24
CONTINUES ON THE NEXT PAGE
>
Appendix C. Supplemental Tables
88
Return to contents >
TABLE 3. BRANDS TARGETED TO BLACK CONSUMERS* (CONTINUED)
All TV Black-targeted TV Black youth exposure (All TV)
Company Brand Category
Child/teen
targeted
Hispanic
targeted
Total TV
spending
(000)
Ads viewed
(All 2-11)
Ads viewed
(All 12-17)
Child:adult
ratio
Teen:adult
ratio
Spending
(000)
% of TV ad
spending
Ads viewed
(2-11)
Ads viewed
(12-17)
Black:White
child ratio
(2-11)
Black:White
teen ratio
(12-17)
PepsiCo
Tostitos Cantina Tortilla
Chips
Savory snacks $31,295 11.7 25.3 0.39 0.84 $1,755 5.6% 23.4 44.5 2.26 2.00
Unilever Fruttare Sweet snacks $15,719 5.2 10.5 0.41 0.82 $1,672 10.6% 12.3 21.9 3.17 2.63
Mars Twix Candy
p p
$37,322 16.8 39.6 0.45 1.06 $1,648 4.4% 35.7 71.2 2.49 2.02
General Mills Cheerios Cereal
p
$165,825 108.7 92.0 0.86 0.73 $1,596 1.0% 155.8 134.5 1.62 1.76
PepsiCo Doritos Savory snacks
p
$24,281 6.2 14.1 0.42 0.95 $1,487 6.1% 14.1 28.6 2.87 2.43
Mars 5 Chewing Gum Gum/mints
p p
$23,706 8.9 20.7 0.44 1.02 $1,392 5.9% 19.1 38.4 2.62 2.21
Dr Pepper Snapple Group 7Up Ten Diet soda
p
$6,469 4.8 12.2 0.39 1.00 $1,390 21.5% 10.5 21.9 2.91 2.11
Hershey Payday Candy $19,242 13.5 25.0 0.44 0.81 $1,304 6.8% 24.9 42.3 2.18 1.92
Dr Pepper Snapple Group Snapple Other sugary drinks
p
$11,145 3.8 7.6 0.46 0.92 $1,268 11.4% 7.4 13.5 2.43 2.18
PepsiCo Chee-tos Savory snacks
p p
$17,507 10.9 19.9 0.49 0.90 $1,178 6.7% 19.6 33.4 1.99 1.89
Mars Starburst Candy
p p
$14,390 10.1 26.8 0.53 1.39 $1,161 8.1% 24.1 54.6 2.78 2.33
Hershey York Peppermint Pattie Candy $18,503 12.6 22.6 0.43 0.76 $1,159 6.3% 22.8 37.9 2.14 1.88
Mars Skittles Candy
p p
$18,745 8.5 22.5 0.50 1.32 $1,155 6.2% 20.5 45.5 2.81 2.26
Coca-Cola Co. Dasani Drops Drinkmix
p
$3,751 1.1 2.6 0.38 0.91 $1,151 6.5% 2.0 4.3 2.10 1.86
Hershey Almond Joy Candy $17,988 12.4 22.1 0.42 0.76 $1,135 6.3% 23.9 38.9 2.19 1.93
Unilever Knorr Pasta Sides Prepared meals $7,575 2.9 4.7 0.36 0.57 $1,086 14.3% 7.5 11.3 3.30 3.06
Hershey Kit Kat Candy
p
$29,654 14.1 27.3 0.42 0.82 $1,077 3.6% 25.3 44.2 2.07 1.80
Roark Capital Group Arby’s Fast food $113,984 19.5 33.6 0.37 0.63 $1,061 0.9% 19.3 31.5 1.64 1.46
PepsiCo
Ruffles Ultimate Potato
Chips
Savory snacks
p
$14,006 7.8 17.1 0.41 0.90 $1,027 7.3% 17.0 33.6 2.64 2.30
CONTINUES ON THE NEXT PAGE
>
Appendix C. Supplemental Tables
89
Return to contents >
TABLE 3. BRANDS TARGETED TO BLACK CONSUMERS* (CONTINUED)
All TV Black-targeted TV Black youth exposure (All TV)
Company Brand Category
Child/teen
targeted
Hispanic
targeted
Total TV
spending
(000)
Ads viewed
(All 2-11)
Ads viewed
(All 12-17)
Child:adult
ratio
Teen:adult
ratio
Spending
(000)
% of TV ad
spending
Ads viewed
(2-11)
Ads viewed
(12-17)
Black:White
child ratio
(2-11)
Black:White
teen ratio
(12-17)
Dr Pepper Snapple Group Sun Drop Regular soda
p
$4,606 4.7 11.3 0.76 1.84 $1,014 22.0% 10.4 21.8 3.16 2.48
Hershey Rolo Candy $17,760 12.0 21.9 0.43 0.77 $1,007 5.7% 21.3 35.6 2.07 1.84
Mars Wrigley’s Orbit Gum/mints
p p
$27,800 7.4 17.2 0.39 0.92 $996 3.6% 15.1 31.0 2.34 2.02
Ferrero Tic Tac Breath Mints Gum/mints $7,330 6.1 11.5 0.45 0.85 $977 13.3% 13.2 23.1 2.48 2.26
PepsiCo Pepsi Regular soda
p
$89,984 8.8 18.5 0.38 0.80 $969 1.1% 12.8 27.3 1.62 1.66
Hershey Brookside Candy Candy $21,335 10.8 17.7 0.44 0.72 $946 4.4% 19.2 28.7 2.07 1.88
Kellogg Krave Cereal
p
$14,999 38.0 38.3 1.80 1.82 $883 5.9% 54.5 62.5 1.69 1.85
Hershey Ice Breakers Gum/mints $13,412 9.7 17.5 0.42 0.76 $878 6.5% 17.6 29.2 2.10 1.91
Hershey Jolly Rancher Bites Candy
p
$15,741 10.3 18.5 0.43 0.77 $863 5.5% 19.1 31.4 2.10 1.88
Hershey Hershey’s Chocolate Syrup
Food prep/
condiments
p
$27,099 10.8 18.1 0.42 0.71 $863 3.2% 20.9 31.4 2.29 1.94
Hershey Hershey’s Drops Candy $16,170 11.0 19.1 0.43 0.74 $849 5.3% 20.1 31.9 2.13 1.86
Dr Pepper Snapple Group Snapple Iced Tea Other sugary drinks $11,451 3.6 6.4 0.46 0.82 $839 7.3% 7.3 12.3 2.36 2.27
Mars Snickers Candy
p
$41,849 11.0 21.2 0.39 0.75 $838 2.0% 20.2 34.4 2.09 1.80
Mondelez Global Triscuit Savory snacks $11,803 4.0 6.5 0.41 0.66 $835 7.1% 6.9 10.2 1.81 1.73
Hershey Ice Breakers Duo Gum/mints $13,165 9.1 16.7 0.43 0.79 $822 6.2% 17.4 28.8 2.24 1.94
Kraft Foods Mio Fit Drinkmix
p p
$16,465 5.5 13.1 0.39 0.93 $803 4.9% 8.3 18.2 1.82 1.62
General Mills Pillsbury Grands! Dough
Food prep/
condiments
p
$34,589 17.6 21.9 0.47 0.59 $772 2.2% 25.6 30.7 1.81 1.80
Dr Pepper Snapple Group Dr Pepper Regular soda
p
$49,704 6.0 12.4 0.41 0.84 $769 1.5% 8.9 17.5 1.84 1.67
PepsiCo PepsiMax Diet soda $17,040 3.8 7.4 0.34 0.66 $754 4.4% 7.4 12.6 2.12 1.88
CONTINUES ON THE NEXT PAGE
>
Appendix C. Supplemental Tables
90
Return to contents >
TABLE 3. BRANDS TARGETED TO BLACK CONSUMERS* (CONTINUED)
All TV Black-targeted TV Black youth exposure (All TV)
Company Brand Category
Child/teen
targeted
Hispanic
targeted
Total TV
spending
(000)
Ads viewed
(All 2-11)
Ads viewed
(All 12-17)
Child:adult
ratio
Teen:adult
ratio
Spending
(000)
% of TV ad
spending
Ads viewed
(2-11)
Ads viewed
(12-17)
Black:White
child ratio
(2-11)
Black:White
teen ratio
(12-17)
Mondelez Global Oreo Sweet snacks
p
$21,370 6.5 12.0 0.47 0.87 $734 3.4% 12.7 22.0 2.29 2.13
Hershey Hershey’s Bliss Candy $13,127 8.2 13.5 0.42 0.70 $731 5.6% 15.3 23.6 2.10 1.89
PepsiCo Doritos Jacked Savory snacks
p
$7,036 2.7 6.5 0.42 1.00 $730 10.4% 6.5 13.4 3.03 2.44
Kellogg Frosted Mini Wheats Cereal
p
$41,595 9.3 14.3 0.38 0.59 $697 1.7% 15.2 21.1 1.68 1.52
Kellogg Eggo Waffles Prepared meals
p
$31,342 17.2 18.3 0.69 0.74 $690 2.2% 27.5 29.0 1.67 1.69
Hershey Hershey’s Simple Pleasures Candy $4,679 9.1 16.5 0.42 0.77 $679 14.5% 15.8 26.0 2.01 1.75
Kellogg Special K Cereal Cereal
p
$44,908 11.7 16.9 0.42 0.61 $597 1.3% 17.9 24.3 1.67 1.58
PepsiCo Chee-tosMix-ups Savory snacks
p p
$12,601 3.6 6.9 0.48 0.92 $597 4.7% 7.0 13.0 2.37 2.30
Hershey Jolly Rancher Candy
p
$24,817 9.5 17.4 0.42 0.77 $592 2.4% 16.7 26.8 2.08 1.77
Hershey Kit Kat Minis Candy $14,818 8.6 16.2 0.42 0.80 $589 4.0% 15.5 26.6 2.11 1.85
Hershey Reeses Pieces Candy $12,994 8.3 14.8 0.43 0.77 $576 4.4% 14.6 23.9 2.08 1.81
Mondelez Global Stride Gum/mints
p
$5,635 2.4 6.2 0.42 1.05 $575 10.2% 4.4 9.3 2.19 1.74
Mondelez Global Trident Gum/mints
p p
$10,661 5.8 14.3 0.49 1.23 $574 5.4% 10.6 24.4 2.29 1.96
Hershey Twizzlers Twists Candy $13,985 9.4 16.6 0.43 0.77 $570 4.1% 16.9 26.2 2.05 1.74
General Mills Yoplait Light Yogurt/other dairy
p
$57,119 17.6 26.1 0.47 0.69 $555 1.0% 26.4 36.0 1.68 1.52
General Mills Lucky Charms Cereal
p p
$20,408 70.4 38.1 2.76 1.50 $538 2.6% 101.4 63.4 1.53 1.88
Hershey Twizzlers Candy Candy $10,652 6.8 11.6 0.42 0.72 $526 4.9% 11.5 17.5 1.98 1.73
PepsiCo Mountain Dew Kickstart Regular soda
p p
$16,853 4.4 11.6 0.38 1.00 $516 3.1% 9.6 22.1 2.75 2.25
Coca-Cola Co. GlaceauVitaminwater Other sugary drinks
p p
$15,196 3.4 9.9 0.43 1.24 $512 7.6% 8.7 19.6 3.77 2.50
CONTINUES ON THE NEXT PAGE
>
Appendix C. Supplemental Tables
91
Return to contents >
TABLE 3. BRANDS TARGETED TO BLACK CONSUMERS* (CONTINUED)
All TV Black-targeted TV Black youth exposure (All TV)
Company Brand Category
Child/teen
targeted
Hispanic
targeted
Total TV
spending
(000)
Ads viewed
(All 2-11)
Ads viewed
(All 12-17)
Child:adult
ratio
Teen:adult
ratio
Spending
(000)
% of TV ad
spending
Ads viewed
(2-11)
Ads viewed
(12-17)
Black:White
child ratio
(2-11)
Black:White
teen ratio
(12-17)
Unilever
I Can’t Believe It’s Not
Butter! Deliciously Simple
Food prep/
condiments
$4,732 1.4 2.0 0.37 0.55 $481 10.2% 3.1 4.5 2.85 2.92
PepsiCo Stacy’s Pita Chips Savory snacks $7,004 3.0 5.0 0.38 0.63 $479 6.8% 5.7 8.9 2.12 1.95
Mars Wrigley’sExtra Gum/mints
p p
$6,292 3.2 6.7 0.44 0.91 $455 7.2% 6.9 13.1 2.36 2.25
PepsiCo
Tostitos Artisan Recipes
Tortilla Chips
Savory snacks $5,603 1.7 3.1 0.35 0.62 $449 8.0% 3.4 5.5 2.23 1.98
Mars Snickers Bites Candy
p
$7,324 4.0 9.0 0.42 0.94 $424 5.8% 7.9 15.8 2.26 1.97
Unilever Magnum Gold Sweet snacks $8,626 2.4 3.8 0.37 0.60 $419 4.9% 4.7 7.3 2.53 2.38
General Mills Hamburger Helper Prepared meals $7,238 4.6 7.4 0.52 0.82 $394 5.4% 8.2 12.1 2.11 2.01
Mars
Snickers Peanut Butter
Squared
Candy $4,424 2.4 5.1 0.39 0.83 $296 6.7% 5.0 9.2 2.41 1.97
General Mills Big G Cereals Cereal
p
$12,698 38.7 22.0 2.64 1.50 $273 2.1% 53.8 35.5 1.49 1.89
Kraft Foods Kraft Salad Dressings
Food prep/
condiments
$6,707 1.5 2.9 0.34 0.65 $271 4.0% 2.8 5.3 2.23 2.11
Coca-Cola Co. Diet Coke Diet soda
p
$17,657 3.1 6.5 0.44 0.91 $243 2.9% 5.3 10.1 1.93 1.65
Unilever
Lipton Tea & Honey Iced
TeaMix
Drinkmix $5,520 2.0 3.2 0.38 0.64 $159 2.9% 3.8 6.2 2.18 2.10
Mondelez Global Newtons Sweet snacks $4,177 2.9 4.5 0.43 0.66 $124 3.0% 5.8 7.8 2.10 1.97
Coca-Cola Co. Sprite Regular soda
p
$4,746 1.0 2.6 0.42 1.11 $105 2.2% 3.0 6.6 5.80 4.13
Total
$5,124,549 1,830.9 2,783.0 $139,543 2,966.3 4,435.4
Brand average
$56,939 20.3 30.9 0.51 0.86 $1,550 5.5% 33.0 49.3 2.23 2.00
*Allbrandswith1)>$500,000inadvertisingspendingonBlack-targetedTVand/or2)>$100,000inadvertisingonBlack-targetedTVANDaBlack/Whiteteenratio≥1.9
Appendix C. Supplemental Tables
92
Return to contents >
TABLE 4. ALL OTHER BRANDS*
TV ad exposure: All youth TV ad exposure: Black youth
Company Brand Category
Child/teen
targeted
Total TV ad
spending (000)
Ads viewed (All
2-11)
Ads viewed (All
12-17)
Child:adult
ratio
Teen:adult
ratio
Ads viewed
(2-11 yrs)
Ads viewed
(12-17 yrs)
Black:White
child ratio
(2-11)
Black:White
teen ratio
(12-17)
dineEquity IHOP Other restaurant $62,822 33.0 27.6 0.65 0.54 36.5 30.1 1.24 1.26
Roark Capital Group Carl’s Jr Fast food $59,692 8.9 15.7 0.39 0.69 6.4 12.2 1.60 1.51
Darden Restaurants Longhorn Steakhouse Other restaurant $43,338 14.9 23.7 0.39 0.63 15.9 24.1 1.13 1.05
Roark Capital Group Hardee’s Fast food $38,062 5.8 10.8 0.34 0.62 4.5 8.3 1.56 1.41
Campbell’s Soup Co. Campbell’s Chunky Soup Prepared meals $35,442 8.3 11.7 0.33 0.47 11.0 13.9 1.34 1.18
Campbell’s Soup Co. Campbell’s Soup, Condensed Prepared meals $39,105 5.8 7.7 0.36 0.48 7.7 8.9 1.31 1.13
The Dannon Company Dannon Activia Yogurt/other dairy $27,186 6.8 8.4 0.34 0.43 11.6 12.5 1.89 1.56
The Dannon Company Dannon Oikos Yogurt/other dairy $26,983 6.8 8.7 0.35 0.45 11.6 13.2 1.82 1.59
General Mills Yoplait Greek Yogurt Yogurt/other dairy $23,575 7.1 11.1 0.40 0.63 11.5 16.1 1.77 1.58
Dr Pepper Snapple Group Dr Pepper Ten Diet soda $23,073 3.5 7.1 0.38 0.78 4.8 9.8 1.50 1.52
General Mills Pillsbury Dough Food prep/condiments $22,682 12.8 15.3 0.49 0.58 17.6 20.6 1.64 1.65
Nestle DiGiorno Rising Crust Pizza Prepared meals $20,893 9.7 15.2 0.36 0.56 16.2 23.8 1.80 1.64
Ferrero Nutella Food prep/condiments $20,421 5.9 7.6 0.48 0.61 9.7 12.4 1.73 1.70
The Dannon Company Dannon Light & Fit Yogurt/other dairy $19,082 5.1 6.7 0.33 0.43 8.6 9.6 1.71 1.44
Tyson Foods Jimmy Dean Entrees Prepared meals $18,989 4.5 6.6 0.41 0.59 6.7 9.1 1.62 1.42
Kraft Foods Velveeta Yogurt/other dairy $18,562 5.3 8.0 0.37 0.56 8.7 10.8 1.66 1.36
General Mills Progresso Light Soup Prepared meals $18,526 5.3 7.1 0.36 0.48 7.5 8.9 1.88 1.67
Mondelez Global Ritz Savory snacks $18,195 8.0 12.9 0.42 0.68 13.1 19.3 1.76 1.54
PepsiCo Tropicana Trop50 Juice/water $18,082 2.9 4.4 0.36 0.54 4.1 5.4 1.44 1.24
CONTINUES ON THE NEXT PAGE
>
Appendix C. Supplemental Tables
93
Return to contents >
TABLE 4. ALL OTHER BRANDS* (CONTINUED)
TV ad exposure: All youth TV ad exposure: Black youth
Company Brand Category
Child/teen
targeted
Total TV ad
spending (000)
Ads viewed (All
2-11)
Ads viewed (All
12-17)
Child:adult
ratio
Teen:adult
ratio
Ads viewed
(2-11 yrs)
Ads viewed
(12-17 yrs)
Black:White
child ratio
(2-11)
Black:White
teen ratio
(12-17)
PepsiCo Diet Mountain Dew Diet soda $17,154 3.8 7.9 0.35 0.73 5.9 10.2 1.62 1.34
Mondelez Global Wheat Thins Savory snacks $17,082 6.5 15.5 0.35 0.84 11.6 23.3 2.11 1.72
General Mills
GreenGiantVegetables,
Frozen
Fruits and vegetables $17,076 6.7 8.3 0.46 0.56 8.3 10.0 1.60 1.62
ConAgra Foods
Marie Callendar Frozen
Entrees
Prepared meals $16,821 6.5 9.5 0.37 0.54 9.4 12.0 1.53 1.32
Kraft Foods
VelveetaMacaroniand
Cheese
Prepared meals $16,654 3.4 7.7 0.33 0.75 5.3 12.0 1.95 1.80
General Mills Yoplait Go-Gurt Yogurt/other dairy
p
$16,293 78.3 39.8 3.17 1.61 109.5 63.1 1.47 1.73
General Mills Chex Cereal $15,293 7.5 9.5 0.45 0.57 12.0 14.0 1.78 1.58
Nestle Lean Cuisine Salad Additions Prepared meals $15,028 3.6 5.4 0.33 0.49 5.8 8.0 1.78 1.56
Mars Dove Candy $14,897 8.2 14.3 0.38 0.67 13.8 21.4 1.87 1.62
Ferrero Ferrero Rocher Candy $14,853 4.2 5.1 0.54 0.65 6.6 8.1 1.64 1.75
Tyson Foods Jimmy Dean Breakfast Bowls Prepared meals $14,748 5.9 8.4 0.38 0.54 9.6 12.9 1.75 1.57
Nestle Hot Pockets Prepared meals
p
$14,744 7.4 21.1 0.47 1.35 15.4 39.0 2.47 2.09
Kraft Foods Planters Nuts Savory snacks $14,733 3.1 4.5 0.38 0.55 3.9 4.9 1.17 1.03
General Mills Chicken Helper Prepared meals $14,658 8.4 11.2 0.55 0.74 11.8 14.4 1.66 1.45
Campbell Soup Co. V8VegetableJuice Juice/water $14,570 4.1 5.8 0.33 0.46 6.1 7.7 1.44 1.30
Tyson Foods Jimmy Dean Sausage Other $14,322 6.1 7.7 0.45 0.56 10.1 12.0 1.76 1.65
Tyson Foods Jimmy Dean Delights Prepared meals $14,232 6.4 9.1 0.40 0.57 9.6 12.6 1.64 1.49
Coca-Cola Co Simply Orange Juice/water $13,837 3.5 4.8 0.34 0.46 6.1 7.1 1.93 1.61
CONTINUES ON THE NEXT PAGE
>
Appendix C. Supplemental Tables
94
Return to contents >
TABLE 4. ALL OTHER BRANDS* (CONTINUED)
TV ad exposure: All youth TV ad exposure: Black youth
Company Brand Category
Child/teen
targeted
Total TV ad
spending (000)
Ads viewed (All
2-11)
Ads viewed (All
12-17)
Child:adult
ratio
Teen:adult
ratio
Ads viewed
(2-11 yrs)
Ads viewed
(12-17 yrs)
Black:White
child ratio
(2-11)
Black:White
teen ratio
(12-17)
Nestle Haagen-Dazs Sweet snacks $13,612 3.1 5.3 0.35 0.60 3.6 5.4 1.10 0.97
Post Foods Great Grains Cereal $13,593 4.5 5.9 0.33 0.43 6.9 8.5 1.65 1.51
Campbell Soup Co.
PepperidgeFarmGoldsh
Crackers
Savory snacks
p
$13,396 51.0 30.8 4.16 2.51 71.1 50.0 1.48 1.91
Kraft Foods Crystal Light Drinkmix $13,289 4.1 6.5 0.34 0.54 6.3 9.6 1.65 1.61
3G Capital Tim Horton’s Fast food $12,858 0.9 1.5 0.24 0.39 0.0 0.0 0.05 0.80
General Mills
NatureValleySweet&Salty
Nut Bar
Sweet snacks $12,767 7.0 9.4 0.54 0.72 10.7 14.3 1.70 1.66
PepsiCo Muller Greek Corner Yogurt/other dairy $12,718 5.7 8.9 0.42 0.65 9.1 13.0 1.68 1.58
Kellogg Kellogg’s To Go Other sugary drink $12,707 4.0 6.2 0.41 0.63 6.8 9.5 1.78 1.61
Kraft Foods CapriSunSuperV Juice/water
p
$12,550 19.7 15.4 1.72 1.34 26.3 22.9 1.47 1.70
General Mills Fiber One Cereal $11,801 5.2 6.9 0.37 0.49 6.9 8.6 1.61 1.46
Kraft Foods
Oscar Mayer Carving Board
Lunch Meat
Other $11,630 2.3 3.8 0.30 0.49 3.5 4.8 1.52 1.24
Mondelez Global Belvita Cookies Sweet snacks $11,602 6.4 10.1 0.39 0.62 9.6 12.9 1.55 1.31
Coca-Cola Co. Minute Maid Pure Squeezed Juice/water $11,286 2.1 3.4 0.40 0.65 3.3 5.0 1.68 1.55
Tyson Foods Tyson Foods Grilled & Ready Prepared meals $11,119 5.9 8.1 0.47 0.64 9.4 11.7 1.66 1.53
Coca-Cola Co. Truvia Sweetener Food prep/condiments $10,941 2.3 3.5 0.30 0.44 3.0 3.7 1.32 1.07
Dr Pepper Snapple Group Diet Dr Pepper Diet soda $10,324 3.3 6.5 0.43 0.84 5.2 9.5 1.70 1.59
Kraft Foods Cracker Barrel Cheese Yogurt/other dairy $10,304 1.5 2.6 0.32 0.55 2.5 4.0 1.71 1.62
Nestle
Carnation Breakfast
Essentials
Food prep/condiments $10,136 3.6 5.3 0.38 0.56 5.9 7.2 1.81 1.44
CONTINUES ON THE NEXT PAGE
>
Appendix C. Supplemental Tables
95
Return to contents >
TABLE 4. ALL OTHER BRANDS* (CONTINUED)
TV ad exposure: All youth TV ad exposure: Black youth
Company Brand Category
Child/teen
targeted
Total TV ad
spending (000)
Ads viewed (All
2-11)
Ads viewed (All
12-17)
Child:adult
ratio
Teen:adult
ratio
Ads viewed
(2-11 yrs)
Ads viewed
(12-17 yrs)
Black:White
child ratio
(2-11)
Black:White
teen ratio
(12-17)
Campbell Soup Co. Pace Salsa Food prep/condiments $10,085 2.8 3.8 0.34 0.46 4.3 4.9 1.59 1.27
Kellogg Special K Frozen Entrees Prepared meals $9,899 2.6 3.8 0.39 0.57 4.3 5.8 1.76 1.59
General Mills Reeses Puffs Cereal
p
$9,890 71.7 31.9 5.96 2.66 99.1 52.3 1.47 1.87
General Mills ChexMix Savory snacks $9,826 9.1 11.5 0.56 0.71 12.7 15.4 1.46 1.36
Campbell Soup Co. V8V-Fusion Other sugary drink $9,765 2.8 4.2 0.33 0.50 4.4 5.7 1.51 1.36
Campbell Soup Co. Swanson Soup, Ready-to-serve Prepared meals $9,732 2.6 3.2 0.36 0.44 3.4 3.8 1.33 1.16
PepsiCo Mountain Dew Regular soda
p
$9,619 2.5 5.6 0.39 0.90 3.9 8.5 1.76 1.63
Kraft Foods Miracle Whip Food prep/condiments $9,306 1.8 3.0 0.38 0.62 2.5 3.6 1.33 1.19
Kellogg Rice Krispies Cereal $9,280 4.7 6.8 0.40 0.57 7.8 10.1 1.70 1.51
Tyson Foods Anytizers Prepared meals $9,196 6.2 8.2 0.62 0.82 9.4 11.2 1.63 1.46
ConAgra Foods PAM Non-stick Spay Food prep/condiments $9,183 2.4 3.5 0.38 0.55 3.7 4.9 1.50 1.44
Kraft Foods Oscar Mayer Select Hot Dogs Other $9,135 2.0 3.4 0.32 0.54 2.8 4.1 1.50 1.28
General Mills Progresso Heart Healthy Soup Prepared meals $9,058 2.9 3.6 0.35 0.43 4.2 4.4 1.60 1.36
Dr Pepper Snapple Group Canada Dry Ginger Ale Regular soda $9,025 3.3 5.5 0.40 0.66 4.8 7.7 1.44 1.43
Nestle Nestle Pure Life Bottled Water Juice/water $9,011 4.5 3.6 0.68 0.54 6.4 5.8 1.54 1.71
General Mills NatureValleyProteinSnackBar Sweet snacks $8,858 5.0 7.2 0.44 0.63 6.1 7.8 1.29 1.14
Kraft Foods Kraft Foods Cheese Yogurt/other dairy $8,723 1.6 2.2 0.35 0.48 2.3 3.1 1.44 1.41
Kellogg Kashi GoLean Cereal $8,591 2.3 3.1 0.37 0.50 3.7 4.4 1.62 1.48
Kraft Foods Oscar Mayer Bacon Other $8,462 1.7 2.9 0.31 0.52 2.9 3.9 1.84 1.43
CONTINUES ON THE NEXT PAGE
>
Appendix C. Supplemental Tables
96
Return to contents >
TV ad exposure: All youth TV ad exposure: Black youth
Company Brand Category
Child/teen
targeted
Total TV ad
spending (000)
Ads viewed (All
2-11)
Ads viewed (All
12-17)
Child:adult
ratio
Teen:adult
ratio
Ads viewed
(2-11 yrs)
Ads viewed
(12-17 yrs)
Black:White
child ratio
(2-11)
Black:White
teen ratio
(12-17)
PepsiCo Lipton Iced Tea Other sugary drink $8,399 3.6 7.0 0.39 0.74 6.7 11.6 2.21 1.84
Tyson Foods Hillshire Farm Sausage Other $8,328 4.0 5.7 0.41 0.57 7.1 9.4 1.84 1.68
Campbell Soup Co. Campbell’s Skillet Sauces Food prep/condiments $8,202 2.3 3.2 0.38 0.51 3.7 4.6 1.61 1.52
Hershey Jolly Rancher Crunch N Chew Candy $8,168 5.5 10.4 0.42 0.80 9.7 16.5 2.05 1.77
Tyson Foods Ball Park Hot Dogs Other $7,852 4.2 6.4 0.45 0.69 5.7 7.8 1.42 1.18
ConAgra Foods Reddi-Whip Whipped Topping Food prep/condiments $7,843 2.6 3.7 0.39 0.55 3.8 4.7 1.53 1.36
Unilever Bertolli Classic Entrees Prepared meals $7,806 1.8 2.6 0.39 0.56 2.6 3.2 1.50 1.23
Kellogg Morningstar Farms Grillers Prepared meals $7,801 3.1 5.0 0.38 0.61 4.5 7.2 1.43 1.51
General Mills Cocoa Puffs Cereal
p
$7,584 56.7 25.5 5.91 2.66 79.2 41.7 1.46 1.84
Nestle DiGiorno Pizzaria Prepared meals $7,457 2.8 4.7 0.34 0.57 4.9 7.5 1.91 1.70
Nestle Skinny Cow Candy Candy $7,388 3.0 4.9 0.32 0.52 5.6 8.3 1.91 1.70
PepsiCo Muller Frutup Yogurt/other dairy $7,220 2.1 3.4 0.43 0.69 2.8 4.4 1.57 1.52
Kellogg Crunchy Nut Cereal $7,064 2.9 4.5 0.35 0.55 4.8 6.6 1.78 1.54
Kraft Foods Gevalia Coffee Beans Other $7,045 1.9 3.0 0.35 0.56 2.9 4.2 1.64 1.51
PepsiCo Tropicana Pure Premium Juice/water $6,966 0.4 0.7 0.34 0.52 0.2 0.3 1.30 1.06
General Mills Trix Cereal
p
$6,767 54.3 24.1 5.90 2.62 75.7 39.2 1.45 1.83
Kellogg Keebler Fudge Stripes Cookies Sweet snacks $6,612 1.7 2.5 0.39 0.59 2.6 3.5 1.60 1.42
Kellogg Special K Snack Bar Sweet snacks $6,580 3.0 4.4 0.42 0.62 4.9 6.9 1.69 1.66
ConAgra Foods Hunt’s Manwich Food prep/condiments $6,527 5.3 7.5 0.45 0.64 8.0 10.8 1.58 1.50
TABLE 4. ALL OTHER BRANDS* (CONTINUED)
CONTINUES ON THE NEXT PAGE
>
Appendix C. Supplemental Tables
97
Return to contents >
TV ad exposure: All youth TV ad exposure: Black youth
Company Brand Category
Child/teen
targeted
Total TV ad
spending (000)
Ads viewed (All
2-11)
Ads viewed (All
12-17)
Child:adult
ratio
Teen:adult
ratio
Ads viewed
(2-11 yrs)
Ads viewed
(12-17 yrs)
Black:White
child ratio
(2-11)
Black:White
teen ratio
(12-17)
Campbell Soup Co. Swanson Food Products Other $6,454 0.9 1.1 0.35 0.43 1.2 1.2 1.37 1.05
Kellogg PringlesStix Savory snacks $6,435 2.5 3.9 0.41 0.63 4.2 6.2 1.88 1.73
Campbell Soup Co.
Pepperidge Farm Milano
Cookies
Sweet snacks $6,326 1.5 2.5 0.36 0.61 2.4 3.3 1.66 1.48
Unilever Ragu Pasta Sauce Food prep/condiments $6,200 1.8 2.9 0.37 0.59 3.1 4.3 1.96 1.58
Kellogg Kashi GoLean Crisp! Cereal $6,082 1.2 1.6 0.36 0.49 1.8 2.3 1.52 1.37
Kraft Foods Gevalia Ground Coffee Other $6,052 2.2 3.6 0.32 0.53 3.5 5.1 1.68 1.52
Nestle Lean Cuisine Spa Collection Prepared meals $5,988 1.6 2.4 0.31 0.45 2.4 3.0 1.48 1.25
Kraft Foods Kraft Foods Recipe Makers Prepared meals $5,977 0.7 1.1 0.32 0.47 0.9 1.0 1.27 0.93
Kraft Foods Capri Sun Roarin’ Water Other sugary drink
p
$5,890 26.9 14.3 5.45 2.89 35.7 23.7 1.48 2.08
Kraft Foods Cool Whip Food prep/condiments $5,678 1.4 2.4 0.40 0.67 2.0 2.7 1.32 1.13
Campbell Soup Co.
Campbell’s Soup, Ready-
to-serve
Prepared meals $5,643 1.2 1.7 0.35 0.50 1.7 1.9 1.40 1.18
Hershey Cadbury Eggs Candy $5,624 3.3 5.7 0.41 0.70 5.9 9.3 2.09 1.81
General Mills Old El Paso Taco Shells Food prep/condiments $5,565 3.5 5.1 0.48 0.69 5.0 6.1 1.62 1.32
Unilever Breyer’s Ice Cream Sweet snacks
p
$5,493 4.4 2.2 2.41 1.20 5.8 2.2 1.60 1.38
Nestle Lean Cuisine Honestly Good Prepared meals $5,492 1.3 2.2 0.33 0.56 2.2 2.9 1.81 1.31
ConAgra Foods Hebrew National Other $5,489 1.8 3.0 0.37 0.63 2.9 4.1 1.62 1.45
Kellogg Kellogg’s Cereal Cereal
p
$5,405 9.9 6.4 1.89 1.22 12.7 9.1 1.37 1.62
ConAgra Foods Slim Jim Other $5,157 1.7 3.7 0.36 0.77 3.1 6.0 1.96 1.74
General Mills Gushers Fruit Snacks Sweet snacks
p
$4,998 40.9 18.2 5.91 2.63 58.5 30.2 1.49 1.85
CONTINUES ON THE NEXT PAGE
>
TABLE 4. ALL OTHER BRANDS* (CONTINUED)
Appendix C. Supplemental Tables
98
Return to contents >
TV ad exposure: All youth TV ad exposure: Black youth
Company Brand Category
Child/teen
targeted
Total TV ad
spending (000)
Ads viewed (All
2-11)
Ads viewed (All
12-17)
Child:adult
ratio
Teen:adult
ratio
Ads viewed
(2-11 yrs)
Ads viewed
(12-17 yrs)
Black:White
child ratio
(2-11)
Black:White
teen ratio
(12-17)
Kellogg Kashi Hummus Crisps Savory snacks $4,884 1.3 1.8 0.38 0.53 2.3 2.8 1.86 1.55
Nestle Nestle Crunch Candy $4,807 2.2 4.1 0.38 0.70 3.5 5.6 1.64 1.41
Kraft Foods
MaxwellHouseCafe
Collection Ground Coffee
Other $4,597 2.2 3.2 0.37 0.54 3.4 4.8 1.64 1.53
Nestle Toll House Morsels Food prep/condiments $4,564 1.2 1.6 0.37 0.48 2.1 2.5 1.89 1.66
Kraft Foods Homestyle Macaroni and Cheese Prepared meals $4,546 1.2 2.0 0.38 0.65 1.5 2.3 1.16 1.13
General Mills
NatureValleySoftBaked
Oatmeal Bar
Sweet snacks $4,521 2.1 2.5 0.48 0.56 3.0 3.4 1.68 1.58
ConAgra Foods Bertolli Rustico Bakes Prepared meals $4,483 1.1 1.6 0.42 0.62 1.7 2.1 1.63 1.26
Nestle Butternger Candy
p
$4,390 2.9 10.6 0.38 1.41 6.6 19.3 2.63 1.95
Coca-Cola Co. Coca-Cola soft drinks Regular soda $4,105 0.4 0.4 0.50 0.58 0.9 1.1 2.78 3.04
Mars Uncle Ben’s Ready Rice Prepared meals $3,059 5.9 5.7 0.68 0.66 8.4 8.1 1.41 1.43
General Mills BettyCrockerCookieMix Food prep/condiments $2,913 2.5 2.8 0.56 0.63 4.3 4.7 1.69 1.65
PepsiCo QuakerRealMedleysSnackBar Sweet snacks $2,835 2.4 2.3 0.65 0.61 3.3 3.5 1.36 1.52
PepsiCo Gatorade G-Series Other sugary drink $1,930 0.2 0.3 0.36 0.57 0.1 0.3 0.90 1.30
Coca-Cola Co. Coca-Cola drink products Regular soda $1,262 0.3 0.6 0.22 0.51 0.4 0.6 1.76 0.97
Kellogg Froot Loops Cereal
p
$1,250 39.6 19.8 5.69 2.84 53.1 32.4 1.42 1.89
Kellogg Keebler Town House Crackers Savory snacks $989 0.3 0.4 0.40 0.62 0.3 0.4 1.18 1.13
ConAgra Foods Hunt’sVegetables Fruits and vegetables $245 2.5 3.3 0.43 0.58 4.0 4.6 1.74 1.48
Total
$1,521,914 937.6 944.8 1,342.5 1,351.2
Brand average
$11,798 7.3 7.3 0.74 0.74 10.4 10.5 1.62 1.49
TABLE 4. ALL OTHER BRANDS* (CONTINUED)
*Brandswith>$4.5millionintotaladvertisingspendingnotidentiedastargetedtoBlackorHispanicconsumers
Appendix C. Supplemental Tables
