Some Guidelines for Visiting Aboriginal and
Torres Strait Islander communities
There are no set rules for interacting with Aboriginal and Torres
Strait Islander people. Different communities have their own
protocols which should be followed, and the approach you take
will often depend upon a community’s location — whether urban,
rural or remote. As every community is unique, we offer some
general guidelines:
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• Seek permission from the relevant local council or authority
to enter a community.
• It is considered courteous and respectful to send an initial
letter of intent, stating the purpose of your visit.
• Check with the relevant Land Council as to whether a permit
is required to enter Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander lands.
• Always seek permission before taking any photos or
video footage.
• In remote locations, remember that English is often a
second, third, fourth or fifth language. If necessary, use an
interpreter, keep technical terms to a minimum, speak slowly,
do not mimic Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander speech
patterns and try to learn a few words of the local language to
improve relations and credibility within the community.
• An indirect communication style is common in Aboriginal
and Torres Strait Islander communities, where being direct is
seen as confrontational. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander
people may thus delay expressing a firm opinion. Instead,
they may listen to others before offering their own view and if
it conflicts with others, will often understate it.
• Be sensitive of non-verbal cues. For instance, silence may
mean that people are listening, remaining non-committal or
waiting for community support.
• Body language is as important in Aboriginal and Torres Strait
Islander communities as it is elsewhere, and may include —
lowering your eyes to avoid eye contact with older people or
authority figures, as this may be considered disrespectful;
not pointing when giving directions; avoiding body contact
such as friendly touching, jostling or touching the upper
torso or arm; shake hands only if initiated by the other party.;
always use formal addresses when talking to chairpersons
and persons of authority.
• Dress appropriately and modestly; in many communities
it is a sign of respect to cover the shoulders; it is always
inappropriate to wear short dresses or revealing shorts.
• “Why?” is virtually absent from conversations in remote
Australian communities and observation is used instead, as a
learning device, with people given information when they are
deemed ready for it.
• Be aware that Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander kinship
systems are complex and will impact on how you can interact
with members of a community.
For instance, avoidance relationships dictate that a son-
in-law cannot be in his mother-in-law’s presence or a
brother cannot use his sister’s name. In some communities
a brother-in-law may not speak directly to his sister-in-law,
and must speak through some else. This must be understood
at any formal meetings or negotiations.
• “Women’s business” and “men’s business” relates to
gender-specific knowledge and practices (specifically health,
well-being and religious matters) that cannot be known
or observed by the opposite sex. It is a mark of cultural
respect not to discuss traditionally female issues (“women’s
business”) in the presence of men and vice versa.
• Be aware that community members may prefer to deal with
people of their own gender. As a mark of respect your initial
approach should be to a person of the same gender.
• In traditional remote communities a young female should not
sit opposite a senior male.
• Choosing the right form of address is important in any
relationship, so ask Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander
people how they want to be acknowledged.
• Honor the importance of Elders; recognised Elders are
highly respected people within Aboriginal and Torres Strait
Islander communities.
• Be aware that there are many demands placed on Aboriginal
and Torres Strait Islander community controlled organisations
which represent and deliver services to some of the most
disadvantaged clients and communities in Australia.
Organisations may be under-funded and have limited
administrative and management resources.
• There are also many pressures on those who work in or
represent Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities
and perceived conflicts of interest may arise. Family and
community are important in Aboriginal and Torres Strait
Islander life, and workers are often expected to help their
family and community before others. This leads to stress for
Indigenous employees when they are required to walk a fine
line between meeting the expectations of their community
and the legal requirements of their employment.
• Reflecting their disadvantage, Aboriginal and Torres Strait
Islander communities experience high death rates, including
suicides. This as a heavy load for communities to bear.
It is expected that all kin, including extended family, will
attend the rites associated with death. After a death, some
communities will shut down for “sorry business” despite
previous arrangements that may have been made for your
visit. For this reason, it is always advisable to contact
communities immediately prior to your arrival.
• During events of celebration or cultural significance, the
community will focus on the event and other business may
be postponed.
11 Much of this material is sourced from: Message Stick, Cultural Protocols for Indigenous Reporting in the Media, Australian Broadcasting Commission