Fair Housing Act Design Manual

Chapter Seven:

REQUIREMENT 7

Usable Kitchens and Bathrooms

■ PART A: Usable Kitchens

■ PART B: Usable Bathrooms

■ PART A: Usable Kitchens

...covered multifamily dwellings with a building

entrance on an accessible route shall be designed and

constructed in such a manner that all premises within

covered multifamily dwelling units contain usable

kitchens...such that an individual in a wheelchair

can maneuver about the space.

Fair Housing Act Regulations, 24 CFR 100.205

PART TWO: CHAPTER 7

counters may be at the

standard height of 36"

(counter height of 34" as

shown in Fig. 2(c) of the

Guidelines does not apply)

lever hardware, although

preferred and more usable

by everyone, is not required

ranges and

cooktops may have

front-, rear-, or

side-mounted

controls; for safety

reasons and ease of

use, front- or side-

mounted controls

are preferred

Notes in italic type are

recommendations only

and are not required by

ANSI or Guidelines.

FAIR HOUSING ACT DESIGN MANUAL

kitchens in covered units

must be on an accessible

route and have door open-

ings at least 32" clear to

allow passage; see Chapter 4

“Usable Doors” and Chapter

5 “Accessible Route”

outlet located beyond reach

of seated person permitted

if other outlets in accessible

locations are provided,

see Chapter 6 “Switches,

Outlets, and Controls”

adequate space within the

kitchen to provide 30" X

48" clear floor space at

each fixture and appliance

in U-shaped kitchens, if

less than 60" between

the two legs of the U,

then sink base must be

removable, see page 7.12

Guideline Specifications for Kitchens

7.2

USABLE KITCHENS AND BATHROOMS ■ PART A: USABLE KITCHENS

INTRODUCTION

Kitchens that comply with the Fair Housing

Accessibility Guidelines (the Guidelines) can be

designed to look and function like conventional

kitchens typically found in multifamily housing.

The Guidelines specify that three specific require-

ments must be provided to allow people who rely

on mobility aids to “use” the kitchen. “Usable”

kitchens, as specified in the Guidelines, are not

necessarily “accessible” kitchens, but they do

provide maneuvering space for a person who uses a

wheelchair, scooter, or walker to approach and

operate most appliances and fixtures.

The Guidelines 1) specify minimum clear

floor spaces at fixtures and appliances, 2) define

minimum clearance between counters, and 3)

provide additional specifications when a U-shaped

kitchen is planned. Wheelchair turning spaces,

described in accessibility standards, are not required

in kitchens that meet the Guidelines, except in

some U-shaped kitchens, see page 7.9.

Additional supplemental design infor-

mation, presented in italic type, is offered for

designers/builders who may wish to increase the

accessibility of dwelling units. This supplemental

information is not required by HUD, the Fair

Housing Act, or the Guidelines.

CLEAR FLOOR SPACE AT

FIXTURES AND APPLIANCES

The Guidelines specify that a 30-inch x 48-inch

clear floor space be provided at each kitchen

appliance or fixture, and that each of these clear

floor spaces adjoin the accessible route that must

pass into and through the kitchen. It is anticipated

that in any conventional kitchen plan, the over-

lapping of the minimum 36-inch wide accessible

route with the clear floor spaces at all fixtures and

appliances provides the necessary maneuvering

space to make it possible for a person using a

mobility aid to approach, and then position himself

or herself close enough to use the fixture safely.

The clear floor space must be positioned

either parallel or perpendicular to and centered on

the appliance or fixture, i.e., the clear floor space

must have its centerline aligned with the centerline

of the fixture or appliance. This centered position is

most critical at corners where an appliance may

have to be pulled away from the corner to allow a

full centered approach. The two types of ap-

proaches and where they are necessary are described

on the following pages.

30" X 48"

clear floor space

Clear Floor Space for Wheelchair

Parking at Appliances and Fixtures

7.3

30"

PART TWO: CHAPTER 7

FAIR HOUSING ACT DESIGN MANUAL

Overlapping Clear Floor Spaces and Accessible

Route Provide Maneuvering Space

one 30" X 48" clear floor

CLEAR FLOOR SPACE AT

clear floor space spaces adjoining

RANGES, COOKTOPS, AND SINKS

at each fixture accessible route

and appliance (not into kitchen

Unless knee space is provided, space to execute a

required at sink if

parallel approach must be provided at ranges,

base cabinets are

removable)

cooktops, and sinks. The clear floor space in this

parallel orientation allows the wheelchair user to

make a close side approach permitting safer and

easier reach to controls and cooking surfaces. A

forward approach, on the other hand, is difficult

and unsafe, especially when controls are located at

the back, because it requires seated users to lean

forward over their feet and knees to reach not only

hot pots and pans but the controls as well. See

pages 7.11 through 7.16 for required clear floor

space at cooktop or sink when knee space is

provided.

48"

30"

clear floor space for a

parallel approach must

be centered on fixture

centerline of

clear floor space

centerline of range

user pulls

parallel to range

Space for Parallel Approach Required

at Range and Cooktop

7.4

USABLE KITCHENS AND BATHROOMS ■ PART A: USABLE KITCHENS

Forward Approach at Range Parallel Approach to Range

is Difficult and Unsafe

Specified in Guidelines

centerline of sink

clear floor space

centered on bowl

A parallel approach also must be provided

at sinks so a seated user can reach down into the

bowl. A forward approach with kneespace below

the sink may be required in some very small U-

clear floor space

shaped kitchens. See page 7.11.

centered on overall

The parallel clear floor space at sinks, as at

sink when bowls are

ranges and cooktops, must be centered on the bowl

of unequal size

or appliance. At single bowl sinks the centerline of

the clear floor space must align with the centerline

of that bowl. Where there are multiple bowl sinks

the clear floor space must be centered on the

clear floor space

centered on double

overall sink itself.

basin sink

Faucets usually are placed at the center of

or within six inches of the center of the sink,

regardless of the number of basins. Since the clear

floor space is centered on the sink, users are still

afforded access to faucet controls.

Space for Parallel Approach Required at Sinks

7.5

PART TWO: CHAPTER 7

FAIR HOUSING ACT DESIGN MANUAL

CLEAR FLOOR SPACE AT OVENS,

ISHWASHERS, REGRIGERATORS,

REEZERS, AND TRASH COMPACTORS

The 30-inch x 48-inch clear floor space oriented in

either one of two positions—parallel or perpen-

dicular—is required at the oven, dishwasher,

refrigerator, freezer, and trash compactor. Wall-

clear floor space for at least

one type of approach

(forward or parallel) must be

centered on the refrigerator;

this applies to side-by-side as

well as over/under models

mounted and microwave ovens, like ovens in

ranges, also must have either a parallel or perpen-

dicular clear floor space adjacent to the appliance.

Even though this group of appliances has

operable doors that require the user to be able to

get out of the way of the door swing, for purposes

of design and room layout the clear floor space

must be centered on the appliance itself. However,

the clear floor space for the specific appliance and

the clear floor space for adjacent appliances and

fixtures, combined with the 36-inch wide accessible

route into the room, provide the functional space

necessary to open a door and maneuver close to the

appliance to be able to reach into it.

REF

30"

perpendicular or

48"

Space for Either a Forward or Parallel

Approach Must be Provided

forward approach

parallel approach

range

Functional Use of Oven

forward approach

to oven racks

parallel approach

to oven racks

Could Be From Any One of These Positions

7.6

USABLE KITCHENS AND BATHROOMS ■ PART A: USABLE KITCHENS

CLEARANCE BETWEEN COUNTERS

AND

ALL OPPOSING ELEMENTS

The Guidelines require a clearance of at least 40

inches between all opposing base cabinets,

countertops, appliances, and walls. The 40-inch

clearance is measured from any countertop or the

face of any appliance (excluding handles and

controls) that projects into the kitchen to the

opposing cabinet, countertop, appliance, or wall.

Refrigerators vary greatly in depth and

may extend up to eight inches beyond cabinet

faces. Standard free-standing and drop-in ranges

may project up to three inches. Appliance depths

(excluding door handles) must be included when

calculating the 40-inch clearances.

base

cabinet

range

(excluding cabinet

handles)

40"

min.

Minimum Clearance between Range

dimension must

be measured from

front face of range

or refrigerator to

countertop edge

and appliance

and Opposing Base Cabinet

base

cabinet

40"

min.

refrigerator

Minimum Clearance between Refrigerator

and Opposing Base Cabinet

7.7

PART TWO: CHAPTER 7

FAIR HOUSING ACT DESIGN MANUAL

In a narrow kitchen the 40-inch minimum clear-

wheelchair user must

30" X 48"

ance provides an additional five inches on either

leave kitchen to turn

around

clear floor

side of the required clear floor space of 30 inches x

space

48 inches at each fixture or appliance, so a user in a

wheelchair can maneuver as close as possible to

appliances or fixtures. A narrow kitchen such as the

one shown to the right meets the Guidelines and is

usable, but may be difficult for many people using

wheelchairs. Its narrow corridor design requires a

user in a wheelchair to exit the kitchen to turn

around.

REF

5" 30"

40"

min.

40" Minimum Clearance Between all Counters,

Base Cabinets, Appliances, and Walls

In more elaborate kitchens where an island is

planned, the 40-inch clearance must be maintained

between the face of the island and all opposing

features. Even though an accessible route for a 90-

degree turn around an obstruction is 36 inches, to

ensure sufficient space for maneuvering within the

kitchen, the Guidelines require that the minimum

clearance of 40 inches be maintained.

40"

min.

40"

min.

40" Must Be Maintained

Between Island and all Opposing Features

7.8

USABLE KITCHENS AND BATHROOMS ■ PART A: USABLE KITCHENS

machine is planned to be included adjacent to the

REF

or the clear floor space at the sink

30" X 48"

clear floor

space

on sink

sink base

64" min.

range

24" 30" 9"

sink, the distance between the legs of the U must

be greater than 60 inches to allow for a full cen-

tered approach at the sink. See the lower plan in

refrigerator must be selected and

positioned so it does not encroach

upon the 60" diameter turning circle

centered

Sink and Dishwasher

this dimension may need to be

U-SHAPED KITCHENS

A 60-inch diameter turning circle is required in

a U-shaped kitchen that has a sink, range, or

cooktop at its base. This turning diameter is

necessary to provide adequate maneuvering space

for a person using a wheelchair to approach and

position themselves parallel to the appliance or

fixture at the base of the U. Any appliances, such

as refrigerators and ranges (excluding door

handles), that project beyond countertops and

cabinets must not encroach upon this 60-inch

diameter turning space.

In addition to the turning space, the

kitchen must be arranged so there is a 30-inch x

48-inch clear floor space for a parallel approach

centered on the sink, range, or cooktop. The

centerline of the fixture or appliance must be

aligned with the centerline of the clear floor space.

When a sink, even a standard single basin

sink, is at the bottom of the U and a dishwashing

the right column.

60" diameter

turning circle

60"

min.

60" diameter

range

turning circle

required

30" X 48"

clear floor

space

centerline

of clear

floor space

aligned with

centerline

of range

60" Diameter Turning Circle

when Sink (Only), Cooktop, or Range

is at Bottom of U-Shaped Kitchen

tray base cabinet or

similar must be wider

if refrigerator is

1" filler

placed closer to sink

increased slightly for a double

at Bottom of U-Shaped Kitchen

basin sink if wider than 30"

Increases Room Width

7.9

PART TWO: CHAPTER 7

FAIR HOUSING ACT DESIGN MANUAL

In the lower plan on page 7.9, the refrig-

erator is pulled away from the sink and beyond the

turning circle. Since a refrigerator may not overlap

the five-foot turning space, if the refrigerator must

be located closer to the sink, the distance between

the legs of the U must be increased.

To reduce the need for additional floor

space, and because clear floor space at appliances

and fixtures may overlap, the clear floor space at

the sink can serve as the clear floor space for a

forward approach to dishwasher racks when they

are pulled out of the dishwasher. Even though the

dishwasher door would rest on the feet of the user,

the required clear floor spaces are provided and the

64" min.

dishwasher door

to racks to load machine

dishwasher

overlaps footrests by

approximately 4" to 6"

when racks are pulled

out of dishwasher, user

is in a forward approach

Although Tight, This Configuration

kitchen complies with the maneuvering require-

ments of the Guidelines.

Generally Is Usable

7.10

USABLE KITCHENS AND BATHROOMS ■ PART A: USABLE KITCHENS

AN EXCEPTION

The Guidelines permit U-shaped kitchens with a

sink or cooktop at the base of the U to have less

than 60 inches between the legs of the U only

when removable base cabinets are provided under

the cooktop or sink. A clearance of at least 40

inches is required. Since knee space cannot be

provided below a range, kitchens with a range at

the base of the U must have the 60-inch minimum

turning diameter.

Once the base cabinet is removed, the

resulting knee space allows a person using a wheel-

REF

30"

min.

U-Shaped Kitchen

40"

min.

Sink at Base of Narrow

sink with

removable

and knee

30" x 48"

chair to pull up under the feature to reach controls

and perform cooking/cleaning functions. A note of

caution: knee space beneath cooktops provides

essential maneuvering space for seated people, but

it also creates a greater risk from hot food spilled

in the lap. If cooktops are to be provided with knee

space below, although not required, it is suggested

that they be placed in lowered or adjustable height

counter segments so they can be used more easily

and safely by people using wheelchairs. Knee space

configurations are shown on pages 7.14 and 7.15.

wheelchair user cannot

turn around in either

kitchen and must back into

space to open refrigerator

30"

min.

REF

wall-mounted

base cabinet

cooktop with

cabinet and

knee space

clear floor

19" of clear

floor space

under sink

or cooktop

40"

min.

oven

space below

removable base

below

space; only

may extend

Cooktop at Base of

Narrow U-Shaped Kitchen

(Not Allowed for a Range)

7.11

PART TWO: CHAPTER 7

FAIR HOUSING ACT DESIGN MANUAL

REMOVABLE BASE CABINETS

Narrow U-shaped kitchens, where knee space must

be provided below sinks or cooktops, can appear

identical to those kitchens which lack this addi-

tional feature since knee space can be concealed by

a removable base cabinet. When a potential resi-

dent or owner needs the knee space it can be

provided quickly and easily. Specifications for knee

space are based on the Guidelines’ requirements for

bathrooms and ANSI 4.19 and 4.32. See also pages

7.14 - 7.15 and 7.52.

standard sinks

acceptable, sinks

with rear located

drains simplify

knee space

Notes in italic

type are recom-

mendations only

and are not

required by ANSI

or Guidelines.

recommended pipe

protection and hinged

panel with disposal

cover; note pipes and

disposal also can be

wrapped in insulation,

see details page 7.15

cut away back and

frame and reinforce

with gussets

30" wide

x 27" high clear

knee space

removable

cabinet front

carry floor,

cabinet, and wall

finishes under and

removable cabinet

behind removable

front and bottom

cabinets

removable cabinet

Possible Removable Cabinet Options for Required Knee Spaces

at Sinks or Cooktops in Narrow (Less Than 60" Wide) U-Shaped Kitchens

7.12

USABLE KITCHENS AND BATHROOMS ■ PART A: USABLE KITCHENS

The Guidelines require that the floor,

walls, and cabinet faces of knee space be finished

during initial construction so no other work is

necessary when the base cabinet is removed. When

sinks or cooktops are installed at the bottom of a

narrow U-shaped kitchen, regardless of whether the

knee space is exposed or concealed by a removable

cabinet, hot pipes or exposed sharp edges should be

insulated or enclosed at the time of initial construc-

tion. Protection methods are addressed on page

7.14 “Knee Space and Pipe Protection.”

There are no kitchen cabinet manufactur-

ers that currently offer “removable base cabinets” in

their standard lines. The methods for providing

removable cabinets presented here are some of the

possible solutions. Of those shown, the removable

cabinet front is likely to be the easiest to accom-

plish based upon current manufacturing processes.

However, the resident may need to reinstall the

cabinet at a later date, therefore, storage needs to

be considered. It is recommended that instructions

regarding proper storage be taped to the inside of

the cabinet, as well as reinstallation instructions, if

applicable. Other similar design options include

removable cabinet floor and bottom, or, with some

modification of rear supports, removal of the entire

cabinet. This last option requires the counter to be

installed independent of the base cabinet, with

storage of the removable portion of the cabinet

again a consideration.

Use of swinging retractable cabinet door

hardware provides another excellent method to

conceal knee space because the doors are self-

storing and no part of the cabinet has to be

removed or stored at another location. A special

combination hinge allows the doors to swing open

in a traditional manner and, when desired, allows

the doors to be pushed back into the cabinet.

doors opening

doors closed

doors retracted

Use of Self-Storing Door Hardware

to Expose Knee Space

7.13

PART TWO: CHAPTER 7

KNEE SPACE AND PIPE PROTECTION

Where knee spaces are provided below sinks and

cooktops, protecting seated users from burns and

abrasions is strongly recommended. While the

Guidelines do not specify such protection, the two

most common design standards on accessibility

(ANSI A117.1, 1986 and UFAS) require that the

bottom of cooktops and sink supply lines and drain

pipes be insulated or enclosed. Many people who

use wheelchairs or scooters have limited sensation

in their legs and cannot feel that they are touching

a hot pipe or sharp edge and may be unaware that a

serious injury has occurred. In addition, the need

for protection from burns is an important safety

consideration for all persons.

Pipes at sinks may be wrapped with

insulation, but each time the plumbing is serviced

the insulation must be removed and reinstalled. If

the pipes are rewrapped using the original insula-

tion (which may have lost much of its adhesion)

the resulting application often is ineffective or the

FAIR HOUSING ACT DESIGN MANUAL

A more aesthetic and practical method for

pipe protection is the installation of a removable

panel over the plumbing. This panel shields the

seated user and hides the plumbing from view. If

such a panel is installed it should not inhibit access

by encroaching upon the knee space. The panel

should be hinged or otherwise removable so the

pipes can be serviced easily.

The dimensions for the knee space itself

must be 30 inches wide (minimum) and should

be 27 inches high (minimum). Since there is no

specific ANSI figure delineating the requirements

for knee space clearance beneath sinks or cooktops

in dwelling units, the accompanying illustrations

may be used as guidance when providing knee

space beneath removable base cabinets. The pipe

protection panel is patterned after the ANSI Figure

31 for Lavatory Clearances. See also ANSI 4.32.5.5

Sinks and 4.32.5.6 Ranges and Cooktops.

ANSI or Guidelines.

walls and floor of knee

to match

Cooktop with Knee Space Below

insulation may be left off entirely.

space must be finished

insulate or enclose

underside of cooktop

units to prevent burns

27" minimum clear

standard 36" acceptable

cooktop unit with front

controls and smooth flush

top preferred, not required

by the Guidelines

Notes in italic type are

recommendations only

and are not required by

7.14

USABLE KITCHENS AND BATHROOMS ■ PART A: USABLE KITCHENS

27" minimum

varies

9" min.

3"8"

standard 36" acceptable

12" pre ferred

standard 6", 7", 8", and 9"

deep sinks with center drain

Knee Space at Sink with

Pipe Protection Panel

sinks with rear located

drain are not required

pipe protection

but are a significant

and appearance panel

advantage when creat-

ing usable knee space

adjacent cabinet, wall,

and floor must be finished

to match

min. min.

27" minimum

varies

with Wrapped Pipes

standard 36" acceptable

Knee Space at Sink

varies

27" minimum

9" min.

min.

12" wide ±

with Garbage Disposal and

standard 36" acceptable

12" pre ferred

open bottom for

ventilation and access

to reset buttons

disposal cover

Knee Space at Sink

Pipe Protection Panel

standard depth sinks

up to 9" permitted,

rear drain preferred

although wrapped insulation

is acceptable under the

Guidelines, this method of

pipe protection is discouraged

adjacent cabinet, wall,

and floor must be

finished to match

standard depth sinks

up to 9" permitted,

rear drain preferred

pipe protection and

appearance panel

adjacent cabinet, wall,

and floor must be

finished to match

7.15

PART TWO: CHAPTER 7

shallow basin sink and rear

drain, although not required by

the Guidelines, greatly improve

access by wheelchair user

lever hardware, although

preferred, is not required

FAIR HOUSING ACT DESIGN MANUAL

knee spaces must have

walls and floor surfaces

finished

plumbing and other

elements should be

covered by a removable

pipe protection and

appearance panel, or be

wrapped with padded

insulating material, see

details page 7.15

knee space 30" wide

is required and 27"

high is recommended

under sinks or

cooktops located at

bottom of U-shaped

kitchens when the U is

less than 60" wide

Knee Space at Narrow U-Shaped Kitchens

30" X 48" min. clear

floor space; must not

extend more than 19"

into knee space

30" min.

40" min.

face to face

of appliances

and cabinets

Notes in italic type

are recommenda-

tions only and are

not required by ANSI

or Guidelines.

7.16

USABLE KITCHENS AND BATHROOMS ■ PART A: USABLE KITCHENS

PANTRIES

Shallow storage closets, such as pantries, may have

doors that do not provide a 32-inch clear width

since they do not require the user to pass through

the door to reach the contents. However, at walk-

in pantries that must be entered to reach the stored

items, the doorway must provide a 32-inch

nominal clear opening. Shelving is not addressed

by the Guidelines; however, it is recommended

that it be provided at a variety of levels.

In the small walk-in pantry (below left), if

wheelchair users enter the pantry facing the

contents, they must back out of the space. In the

larger walk-in pantry (below right), if the first shelf

is placed at two feet above the floor, a wheelchair

user could turn around in the pantry and exit

facing out.

Notes in italic type

are recommenda-

tions only and are

not required by ANSI

or Guidelines.

52"

32"

nominal

12" shelving

door could swing into

or out of the pantry; if

the door swings into

the pantry it obstructs

access to potential

narrow storage behind

clear width

the door

Small Walk-In Pantry

maximum 18"

recommended

shelves at all

reach heights

doors may have

Small Shallow Pantry

less than 32"

nominal clear

width, but should

swing back 180

degrees

12" shelving

preferred that door

swing out of pantry

64"

32"

nominal

clear width

Larger Walk-In Pantry

7.17

PART TWO: CHAPTER 7

FAIR HOUSING ACT DESIGN MANUAL

RECOMMENDATIONS FOR

INCREASED ACCESSIBILITY

AT WALL OVENS

Wall-mounted ovens, like ovens in ranges, must have

either a parallel or forward clear floor space adjacent

to the appliance. When a single wall-mounted oven is

installed, it is recommended that the bottom of the

oven be mounted at or near counter height so a seated

user could reach over a potentially hot door and, at a

minimum, pull out the bottom oven rack. Controls

also should be within the reach of a seated user.

If double ovens are installed, a wheelchair

user must be able to execute a parallel or a forward

approach at the appliance. At least one oven interior

and its controls, even though appliance controls are

not covered by the Guidelines, should be within the

reach range of a seated person. See page 5.5 for

reach ranges.

bottom of oven should

be positioned so lowest

oven rack is at or near

countertop height

36" max.

recommended

lowest

54" max.

36" high

beyond

recommended

oven rack

countertop

36 Inches to Bottom 54 Inches Recommended Reach to

of Single Wall-Mounted Oven Controls at Single Wall-Mounted Oven

7.18

USABLE KITCHENS AND BATHROOMS ■ PART A: USABLE KITCHENS

AT LAUNDRY EQUIPMENT

The Guidelines do not require washers and dryers in

individual dwelling units to be accessible, which also

means that they are not required to have 30-inch x

48-inch parallel clear floor spaces positioned in front

of them. However, when located in the kitchen along

a row containing other appliances, it is recommended

that space be provided for a parallel approach to each

machine. The Guidelines permit the installation of

stacked washers and dryers. It is recommended that

the controls be within the reach of seated users; see the

illustration in the upper right column.

If the washer and dryer are located behind

doors or are in a separate utility room, clear floor

spaces in front of the machines are not required.

However, if the door to the utility room is intended

for user passage, the door must provide a 32-inch

Stacked Washer/Dryer Unit with Dryer and All

top-loading

54" max.

dryer

washer

high side reach limit

for a parallel approach

floor of dryer

Controls Within Reach Range of Seated User

nominal clear opening. When laundry equipment is

located in a common use area, it must conform to

the requirements for accessible public and common

use facilities, see page 2.26. Note: Non-italic type

indicates a requirement of the Guidelines.

front loading

washing machines

preferred

clear floor spaces

may overlap

clear floor space

obstructed by doors,

permitted under the

Guidelines

doors may be removed to improve

access; appliances should be

positioned as close to the front of

Clear Floor Space at Laundry Equipment

the closet as possible

Not Required But Recommended

7.19

PART TWO: CHAPTER 7

FAIR HOUSING ACT DESIGN MANUAL

AT OTHER APPLIANCES

AND

FIXTURES

While not required by the Guidelines, careful

consideration should be given to the selection of other

appliances and fixtures installed in kitchens so

potential residents who may currently, or in the future,

have a physical limitation may more completely use

and enjoy their dwelling.

A partial list of additional considerations

for kitchens:

• ranges and cooktops with controls that are front- or

side-mounted and have click stops to indicate heat

settings,

• vent hoods with controls mounted at or near

countertop level,

levers are ideal

but rarely found

on appliances

blades help indicate

positions and make

turning somewhat easier

small lever or extended

blade provides position

pointer and leverage for

easy turning without

grasping

Preferred Control Choices

Revolving/Extending Shelves

at Corner Base Cabinets Are an Advantage

Lever Handles on Faucets Are Easy

Ideal Control Knob

• shallow sink basins with rear-mounted drains when

removable base cabinets are provided,

• lever or blade type handle faucets and controls,

• revolving/extending semicircular shelves for corner

base cabinet storage.

high contrast labeling

lever handle or blade

for All Users

for Most People to Operate

7.20

USABLE KITCHENS AND BATHROOMS ■ PART A: USABLE KITCHENS

EXAMPLES OF KITCHEN

FLOOR PLANS THAT COMPLY

WITH THE

GUIDELINES

The plans presented on the following pages are

examples of “usable” kitchens that comply with the

Fair Housing Accessibility Guidelines (the Guide-

lines). They range from very small to larger, more

elaborate kitchens but are only a small sampling of

the layouts possible. The plans are neither required

nor even suggested as ideal examples. They are

included to illustrate typical applications or inter-

pretations of specific requirements of the Guide-

lines under various circumstances.

The plans may be used as resource material

and planning guides when developing new multi-

family housing designs. Conventional industry

standard fixture and appliance sizes have been used

consistently when developing these plans. It is

important to allow sufficient space for any fixtures

that may be larger than those shown here. Although

designers should rely upon the dimensions indi-

cated and not scale off the drawings, all plans in

this section are reproduced at 1/4 inch scale.

The plans are presented in pairs, with the

first plan showing fixture and appliance placement

and key dimensions, such as aisle widths, that are

required by the Guidelines. The second plan gives

the overall room dimensions which are offered for

comparison purposes only and are not required by

the Guidelines. The second plan also shows clear

floor spaces adjoining individual appliances and

fixtures and describes their use, and, to give the

reader the “real” space that appliances occupy,

appliance doors are shown in their open position.

Text and notes presented in italic type

are comments or recommendations and are not

required by the Guidelines.

7.21

PART TWO: CHAPTER 7

FAIR HOUSING ACT DESIGN MANUAL

Very Small Parallel Wall Kitchen

(Without Dishwasher)

In this kitchen design, walls may not continue

across either open end because they would obstruct

clear floor spaces required at each appliance.

Although discouraged because maneuvering space

would be severely restricted, the sink end could be

closed if a removable cabinet that conceals a mini-

mum 30-inch wide knee space is provided under

the sink; 36-inch wide knee space is preferred.

3'-4"

min.

indicates

cabinets

3' - 4" min. clear space

REF

overhead

between counter and

face of refrigerator

7'-11"

5'-7"

REF

clear floor space at

clear floor space at sink

refrigerator

to allow close parallel

approach; also serves as

“forward” approach to

oven racks when pulled

out of the oven

clear floor space at

range cooking surface

although not required, it

is preferred that refrigerator

door swings back 180

degrees to permit close

parallel approach

7.22

USABLE KITCHENS AND BATHROOMS ■ PART A: USABLE KITCHENS

Parallel Wall Kitchen

3'-0"

min.

3'-0"

min.

REF

Since there is no oppos-

ing cabinet, counter,

appliance, or wall in this

location, the refrigerator

may encroach on the 3'-4"

minimum dimension by 4";

however, the 3'-0" mini-

mum accessible route

must still be maintained.

indicates

overhead cabinets

3'-4" minimum clear space

between counter and face

of appliance(s)

10'-2"

7'-7"

7'-0"

REF

refrigerator provided;

the location of the wall

to the left of the refrig-

erator does not permit

the door to swing out

of the way for a close

parallel approach, centered

on sink, permits a “forward”

approach to dishwasher

forward approach to

parallel approach

baskets when pulled out of

the dishwasher

parallel approach to

dishwasher counter

surface, and “forward”

approach to oven racks

when pulled out of

the oven

clear floor space for

parallel approach to

range cooking surface

7.23

PART TWO: CHAPTER 7

FAIR HOUSING ACT DESIGN MANUAL

Narrow U-Shaped Kitchen

(Without Dishwasher)

indicates

overhead

cabinets

3'-4"

min.

REF

sink or cooktop in this

location must have remov-

able cabinet to provide

knee space below

although not required by

the Guidelines, this optional

rotating/sliding cabinet

storage maximizes use of

difficult to reach space for

all users (see page 7.20)

7'-11"

7'-10"

REF

knee space under sink

must be a minimum of

30" wide; removable

base cabinets may be

range cooking surface

A typical oven door projects 20" when fully

open and must be fairly close to fully open

used if permanent

knee space is not

desired

clear floor space for

forward approach may

extend a maximum of

19" into knee space

although not required, it is

preferred that refrigerator door

swings back 180 degrees to

permit close parallel approach

clear floor space for parallel

clear floor space for

parallel approach to

to pull out lower rack. Enough floor area

approach to refrigerator

must be available for a clear floor space in

this location to permit a “forward” approach

to oven racks when pulled out of the oven.

7.24

USABLE KITCHENS AND BATHROOMS ■ PART A: USABLE KITCHENS

5'-0"

5'-4"

min.

D W

laundry equipment is

easier for person using a

wheelchair to reach into

if machines are recessed

as little as possible and

their front faces are

flush with door frame

indicates

overhead

cabinets

Wider U-Shaped Kitchen

REF

although not required by

the Guidelines, optional

rotating/sliding cabinet

storage maximizes use of

difficult-to-reach space

pantry with narrow door

acceptable, maximum 18"

depth recommended

9'-7"

12'-6"

5'-8"

clear floor

space at range

cooking surface

REF

clear floor space for

parallel approach cen-

tered on overall sink and

“forward” approach to

dishwasher baskets when

pulled out of the dish-

washer

clear floor space at

refrigerator permits

parallel approach; also

permits maneuvering into

parallel approach at oven

although not required, it

is best if refrigerator

door swings 180 degrees

to permit close parallel

approach

7.25

PART TWO: CHAPTER 7

FAIR HOUSING ACT DESIGN MANUAL

Parallel Wall Kitchen

3'-4"

min.

REF

W/D

indicates

cabinets

built-in table

overhead

8'-8"

11'-6"

9'-5"

clear floor space

at dishwasher also

racks when pulled

W/D

DW REF

clear floor space

range cooktop

built-in table

while not required, clear

floor space for parallel

approach to stackable

washer/dryer is recommended

permits a “forward”

approach to oven

out of the oven

because of pantry depth,

for parallel

approach to

clear floor space for

parallel approach at

sink; this same clear

floor space allows a

“forward” approach

to dishwasher baskets

when they are pulled

out of the dishwasher

clear floor space

permits parallel

approach to

refrigerator (although

not required by the

Guidelines, it is best if

refrigerator door swings

back 180 degrees to

permit close parallel

approach)

door must be 32 inches

nominal clear width

7.26

USABLE KITCHENS AND BATHROOMS ■ PART A: USABLE KITCHENS

Small L-Shaped Kitchen

3'-4"

min.

REF

indicates

cabinets

overhead

6'-9"

9'-6"

to range cooktop

REF

parallel approach

sufficient space in front

of the refrigerator to permit

a “forward” approach to

parallel approach centered

on sink permits a “forward”

approach to dishwasher

baskets when they are pulled

out of the dishwasher

both forward and limited

parallel approach to pantry

permitted

because pantry is

shallow, door may be

less than 32" nominal

clear width

forward approach

to refrigerator

oven racks when they are

pulled out of the oven

7.27

PART TWO: CHAPTER 7

FAIR HOUSING ACT DESIGN MANUAL

9'-6"

14'-4"

3'-0" min.

shown at 4'-0"

REF

indicates

cabinets

overhead

Larger L-Shaped Kitchen

REF

(althoughrefrigerator,

Guidelines, it is best if

refrigerator door swings

parallel approach

centered on sink

permits a “forward”

approach to

dishwasher baskets

when pulled out of

the dishwasher

forward approach

at dishwasher

the parallel approach

at the refrigerator

permits a “forward”

approach to oven

racks when they

are pulled out of

the oven

clear floor space for

a parallel approach

at range cooktop

parallel approach at

not required by the

back 180 degrees to

permit close parallel

approach)

7.28

USABLE KITCHENS AND BATHROOMS ■ PART A: USABLE KITCHENS

Broken U-Shaped Kitchen

opposed to the cooktop. This is because a cooktop

If a corner position with knee space below is being

with knee space below at the standard 36-inch

considered for either the sink or cooktop, it is

height of a kitchen countertop is dangerous for

preferred that the sink be located in the corner, as

seated users.

3'-4"

REF

min.

indicates

cabinets

overhead

10'-9"

REF

to range cooktop

sufficient space is

although not

corner sink with

12" to 18" minimum base cabinet recommended so dishwasher

parallel approach

at refrigerator

parallel approach

available for either a

parallel or forward

approach at oven

required since

pantry is shallow,

32" nominal clear

door width preferred

removable cabinet

provides knee

space below, allows

forward approach

is positioned a sufficient distance to allow user to pull in under

sink, lower dishwasher door, pull out racks, and load machine

7.29

PART TWO: CHAPTER 7

FAIR HOUSING ACT DESIGN MANUAL

Spacious U-Shaped Kitchen

While this kitchen has an overall “U” shape, it

functions like a parallel wall kitchen with two

points of entry and exit and allows close parallel

approach to the fixture at the base of the “U”.

3'-4"

min. min.

min.

indicates

overhead

cabinets

3'-4" between all

opposing features

must be maintained

REF

FREZ

9'-4"

16'-3"

parallel clear floor spaces at the

dishwasher and trash compactor

permit either a left- or right-handed

“forward” approach to oven racks

when they are slid out of the oven

parallel clear floor

spaces at both

refrigerator and

freezer

wide pantry doors

provide excellent

access to contents

REF

FREZ

7.30

■ PART B: Usable Bathrooms

...covered multifamily dwellings with a building

entrance on an accessible route shall be designed and

constructed in such a manner that all premises within

covered multifamily dwelling units contain usable

...bathrooms such that an individual in a wheelchair

can maneuver about the space.

Fair Housing Act Regulations, 24 CFR 100.205

PART TWO: CHAPTER 7

FAIR HOUSING ACT DESIGN MANUAL

Definitions from the Guidelines

Bathroom. A bathroom which

includes a water closet (toilet),

lavatory (sink), and bathtub or

shower. It does not include single-

fixture facilities or those with only a

water closet and lavatory. It does

include a compartmented bathroom.

A compartmented bathroom is one in

which the fixtures are distributed

among interconnected rooms. A

compartmented bathroom is consid-

ered a single unit and is subject to

the Act's requirements for bathrooms.

Powder Room. A room with

only a water closet (toilet) and

lavatory (sink). (Definition found in

Requirement 6.)

7.32

USABLE KITCHENS AND BATHROOMS ■ PART B: USABLE BATHROOMS

INTRODUCTION

The Fair Housing Accessibility Guidelines (the

Guidelines) provide specifications for bathroom

design that make it possible for people who use

mobility aids, and who, heretofore, could not even

get into conventional bathrooms in multifamily

housing, to now use such facilities. Though not

fully accessible, when designed to comply with the

Guidelines, these “usable” bathrooms provide a

person who uses a wheelchair or scooter or who

may use a walker or other mobility aid with a

bathroom that has enough maneuvering space to

allow the person to enter, close the door, use the

fixtures, and exit. In some cases, a resident with a

disability will find it necessary to make additional

modifications to meet his or her specific needs.

In covered multifamily housing, bathrooms

that meet the definition in the Guidelines for a

bathroom must then meet the specifications

outlined in the Guidelines for usable bathrooms.

The Guidelines distinguish between bathrooms

and powder rooms and provide different specifica-

tions (see definitions on facing page).

Usable bathroom specifications include:

1. an accessible route to and into the bathroom

with a nominal 32-inch clear door opening

(Requirements 3 and 4),

2. switches, outlets, and controls in accessible

locations (Requirement 5),

3. reinforced walls to allow for the later installation

of grab bars around the toilet, tub, and shower

stall; under certain conditions provisions for

reinforcing must be made in shower stalls to

permit the installation of a wall-hung bench seat

(Requirement 6),

4. maneuvering space within the bathroom to

permit a person using a mobility aid to enter the

room, close and reopen the door, and exit

(Requirement 7), and

5. maneuvering and clear floor space within the

bathroom to permit a person using a mobility

aid to approach and use fixtures; fixture dimen-

sions and placement are specified only under

certain conditions (Requirement 7).

Powder rooms, except as noted below, are only

subject to the following specifications:

1. they must be on an accessible route with a

nominal 32-inch clear door opening (Require-

ments 3 and 4) and

2. they must have switches, outlets, and controls in

accessible locations (Requirement 5).

There is an

exception, however, with

respect to multistory dwelling units in buildings

with one or more elevators. The level served by the

building elevator must be the primary entry level

for the dwelling unit and there must be either a

usable bathroom or a usable

powder room on the

entry level. If there is both a bathroom and a

powder room, then the bathroom would be

required to be usable and meet Requirements 3

through 7 of the Guidelines. In cases where only a

powder room is provided, then it must meet, in

addition to Requirements 3, 4, and 5, the appli-

cable provisions of Requirements 6 (Reinforced

Walls) and 7 (Maneuvering and Clear Floor

Spaces) of the Guidelines. The chart on page 7.35

summarizes the requirements for usable bathrooms

and usable powder rooms.

Accessible route, usable doors, controls in

accessible locations, and reinforced walls for later

installation of grab bars are covered in other

chapters of this manual. Maneuvering and clear

7.33

PART TWO: CHAPTER 7

floor space requirements are explained in the first

part of this chapter, followed by a presentation of a

variety of bathroom floor plans that comply with

the requirements of the Guidelines.

TWO BATHROOM SPECIFICATIONS

To satisfy the maneuvering and clear floor space

requirements for usable bathrooms, Requirement 7

of the Guidelines gives two sets of specifications to

design bathrooms, referred to in this manual as

Specification A and Specification B. Although not

the only difference between the two specifications,

a bathroom designed to meet Specification B has

greater access to the bathtub than a bathroom

designed to meet Specification A. The two specifi-

cations and their differences will be described in

the following discussions of maneuvering and clear

floor space requirements.

HOW MANY BATHROOMS

AND

FIXTURES MUST COMPLY

WITH THE

GUIDELINES?

In dwelling units containing more than one

bathroom, if Specification A is selected as the basis

for designing a bathroom, all bathrooms in the

dwelling unit also must comply with the A Specifi-

cations. If Specification B is selected, only one

bathroom in the dwelling unit must meet those

requirements; all other bathrooms in the dwelling

unit must be on an accessible route (Requirement

4), have doors with a nominal 32-inch clear

opening (Requirement 3), have switches, outlets,

and controls in accessible locations (Requirement

5), and have reinforced walls around toilets, tubs,

and shower stalls (Requirement 6). However,

maneuvering space as specified in the Guidelines’

Requirement 7 is not required in other bathrooms

FAIR HOUSING ACT DESIGN MANUAL

within the dwelling unit when one bathroom is

designed to meet the B Specifications.

However, any powder room provided in a

dwelling unit, regardless of which set of specifica-

tions the bathroom(s) meets, is still subject to

Requirements 3 (Usable Doors), 4 (Accessible

Route), and 5 (Controls in Accessible Locations).

The exception that requires certain powder rooms

also to meet Requirements 6 (Reinforcing) and 7

(Maneuvering and Clear Floor Space) is discussed

on page 7.33.

In bathrooms where several of each type of

fixture are provided, e.g., a separate shower and tub

or two lavatories,

all fixtures must be usable in

Specification A bathrooms while only

one of each

type of fixture must be usable by a person with a

disability in a Specification B bathroom.

WHICH BATHROOM SHOULD MEET THE

REQUIREMENTS OF THE GUIDELINES?

When a builder or developer is deciding whether to

use the A or B Specifications when designing bath-

rooms, it is important to consider the number of

bathrooms in the dwelling unit. If there is only one

bathroom, the builder may follow the Specifications

for either A or B. However, while not required by the

Guidelines, it is recommended that Specification B,

which provides the higher level of accessibility, be used.

In multiple bathroom dwelling units the issue

is somewhat more complex. If the B Specification is

selected for use in a two-bathroom dwelling, which

bathroom should comply? The master or the hall

bathroom? If the hall bathroom is selected to be the

usable bathroom and the family member who has a

disability would normally occupy the master bedroom,

then he or she would have to go down the hall to that

bathroom. If, on the other hand, the master bath is

7.34

USABLE KITCHENS AND BATHROOMS ■ PART B: USABLE BATHROOMS

the usable bathroom and the family member with a

disability is one of the children, then it will be

necessary for the child to continually enter the master

bedroom suite.

Where there are two or more bathrooms, the

ideal situation would be to have at least one bathroom

meet Specification B, and the other bathrooms meet

Specification A. However, it is acceptable under the

Guidelines to have only one bathroom meet Specifica-

tion B, and the other bathrooms meet Requirements 3,

4, 5, and 6 of the Guidelines, but not Requirement 7.

This discussion is advisory only.

Bathroom Requirements

for Covered Dwelling Units

All bathrooms as defined in the

Guidelines must:

1. be on an accessible route (Requirement 4),

2. have 32-inch nominal clear width doorways

(Requirement 3),

3. have switches, outlets, and controls in

accessible locations (Requirement 5),

4. have reinforcing around toilets, tubs, and

showers (Requirement 6), and

5. meet Requirement 7, Specification A or B:

Specification A

If Specification A is used it applies to all

bathrooms, and all fixtures in those bathrooms

must be usable.

Specification B

If Specification B is used, it applies to one

bathroom, and only one of each type of fixture

must be usable; additional bathrooms in the

unit are exempt

only from maneuvering and

clear floor space requirements at fixtures.

Powder Room Requirements

for Covered Dwelling Units

Powder rooms must:

1. be on an accessible route (Requirement 4),

2. have 32-inch nominal clear width door-

ways (Requirement 3), and

3. have switches, outlets, and controls in

accessible locations (Requirement 5).

Exception

When the powder room is the only toilet

facility on the entry level of a multi-story unit

in a building with one or more elevators, it

must, in addition to Requirements 3, 4, and 5,

meet the reinforcing specifications of

Requirement 6 and the maneuvering and

clear floor specifications of Require-

ment 7.

7.35

PART TWO: CHAPTER 7

FAIR HOUSING ACT DESIGN MANUAL

reinforced wall areas for

additional inaccessible

future installation of grab bars

receptacle permitted

around toilet and bathtub

receptacle required in

an accessible location

lever handles

32" nominal width

30" X 48" clear floor

acceptable since parallel

basin is possible

fixed base cabinet

approach centered on

not required, but

recommended

space for parallel

approach

Example “A” Bathroom

9'- 4" X 5'- 2"

(See plan page 7.66)

clear floor

space at each

fixture required

30" X 48" min. clear floor

space outside swing of door

required; in this plan the

clear floor space doubles as

the space for access to

bathtub. Toilet beside and

close to bathtub allowed in

“A” bathroom only. Provides

less access to bathtub and

controls.

Notes in italic type are

recommendations only

and are not required by

the Guidelines.

7.36

USABLE KITCHENS AND BATHROOMS ■ PART B: USABLE BATHROOMS

32" nominal width

clear floor space at bath-

to the bathtub and its

clear floor space at each

30" X 48" min. clear

30" X 48" clear floor

acceptable since parallel

basin is possible

an accessible

location

specifically designated

tub allows greater access

controls, see page 7.55

fixture required

floor space outside swing

of door required

fixed base cabinet

approach centered on

receptacle

required in

ever handles

not required, but

recommended

reinforced wall areas for

future installation of grab bars

around toilet and bathtub

additional inaccessible

receptacle permitted

space for parallel

approach

Example “B” Bathroom

Greater Access to Bathtub

Notes in italic type are

6'-10" X 7'- 9"

(Similar to Plan on Page 7.67)

recommendations only

and are not required by

the Guidelines.

7.37

PART TWO: CHAPTER 7

FAIR HOUSING ACT DESIGN MANUAL

an accessible location

additional inaccessible

32" nominal width

(Requirement 3)

48" X 66" clear floor

receptacle required in

receptacle permitted

for future installa-

accessible route to

and into powder room

(Requirement 4)

lever faucet handles,

although not required by

the Guidelines, are

recommended

(Requirement 5)

reinforced areas

tion of grab bars

(Requirement 6)

removable base

cabinet required

since close

parallel approach

centered on basin

not possible

(Requirement 7)

30" X 48" clear

floor space at

lavatory outside

swing of door

(Requirement 7)

space at toilet

Notes in italic type are

(Requirement 7)

recommendations only

Usable Powder Room

and are not required by

5'-6" X 5'-8"

the Guidelines.

(See Plan Page 7.81)

Powder Room in Single-Story

Powder Room Must Meet Requirements 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7

Dwelling Unit Must Meet Only

When It Is the Only Toilet Facility on the Entry Level of a

Requirements 3, 4, and 5

Multistory Unit in a Building with One or More Elevators

7.38

USABLE KITCHENS AND BATHROOMS ■ PART B: USABLE BATHROOMS

MANEUVERING SPACE

BATHROOMS

The Guidelines offer two different wordings for the

maneuvering space requirements for bathrooms

complying with Specification A and Specification

B. When applied, the requirements yield almost

identical results. Neither Specification requires that

the space for a five-foot circular turn or a T-turn

(see page 19) be available so a user in a wheelchair

would have the space necessary to turn around in

the bathroom. However, there are very specific

clear floor space requirements that have been

adapted from the ANSI A117.1 - 1986 Standard to

make it possible for many people with mobility

disabilities to be able to use bathrooms designed to

meet the requirements of the Guidelines.

When the maneuvering space requirements

of both Specification A and B are analyzed care-

fully, the primary difference is that a clear floor

space must be provided adjacent to the foot of the

tub in Specification B bathrooms to increase access

to the bathtub and the bathtub controls. To assist

the reader in understanding the other differences in

the two specifications, this manual will describe in

detail bathroom elements and features as required

by the Guidelines.

BOTH SPECIFICATION A AND

SPECIFICATION B BATHROOMS

REQUIRE THE FOLLOWING:

1. A 30-inch x 48-inch clear floor space outside

the swing of the door as it is closed. In bath-

rooms where the door swings out of the room all

the clear floor spaces at fixtures still must be

provided. In addition, the user must be able to

reopen the door to exit.

2. Usable bathroom fixtures. Making bathroom

fixtures usable in both Specification A and B

bathrooms involves providing certain clear floor

space dimensions at each fixture and meeting

certain requirements for the shower if the shower is

the only bathing facility in the covered dwelling

unit. In addition, Specification B sets additional

requirements for bathroom fixtures such as provid-

ing clear floor space at the bathtub in a manner

that allows greater access to the bathtub and

meeting certain specifications on the installation of

vanities and lavatories.

The maneuvering space necessary for

usable bathrooms is thus made up of the combina-

tion of the designated clear floor spaces at fixtures

and the presence of clear floor space outside the

swing of the door. Clear floor spaces may overlap

each other and the maneuvering space also may

include knee or toe space under lavatories or toilet

bowls. See the illustration at the top of page 7.40.

48"

30"

Minimum Clear Floor Space

for Person Using a Wheelchair

The Guidelines contain no requirements for location

or type of controls except in Specification B bath-

rooms, the controls must be located at the foot of

the tub. There generally are no fixture specifications,

except size of showers when they are the only

bathing fixture in the unit and when knee space

must be provided under lavatories. If the bathroom

has sufficient space to allow a parallel approach

centered on the lavatory, then standard base cabinets

may be used below a lavatory. If not, a removable

vanity cabinet is required so necessary knee space

for a forward approach is available at the lavatory.

7.39

PART TWO: CHAPTER 7

FAIR HOUSING ACT DESIGN MANUAL

30" X 48" clear floor

doubles as clear floor

space at bathtub

7'- 9"

48" X 56" clear

floor space at toilet

space for maneuvering

outside swing of door

6' - 10"

5' - 0"

30" X 48" clear floor

the clear floor space at

doors may swing into

space parallel to and

fixtures, provided there

centered on basin

is space to position a

wheelchair outside the

swing of the door so it

can be closed

Maneuvering Space

in Bathrooms

3'-0" wide (min.) acces-

sible route to bathroom

CLEAR FLOOR SPACE

TOILET FIXTURES complete right, left, or front transfers. The tech-

The clear floor space at toilets varies in size and is nique used depends on which approach is most

larger than the clear floor space for wheelchairs

familiar, easiest, and safest to complete.

shown at other fixtures. Different amounts of clear The unobstructed clear floor space re-

floor space must be maintained around a toilet quired by the Guidelines allows a wheelchair user

fixture depending upon the direction of approach, to approach the toilet and transfer onto the fixture

either front or side, to allow ease of use by persons using a variety of independent and assisted transfer

using wheelchairs.

techniques. The transfer techniques most com-

Many people who use wheelchairs are monly used are the forward, perpendicular, diago-

unable to stand while transferring from a wheel- nal, reverse diagonal, and parallel. Whenever

chair to the toilet. Some people can transfer to and possible, it is best to position the toilet to allow

from the toilet from only one side. Others can

forward, perpendicular, and diagonal approaches.

7.40

USABLE KITCHENS AND BATHROOMS ■ PART B: USABLE BATHROOMS

side and pulls chair close

user swings footrest to

to toilet to transfer

Forward Approach

(Front Transfer)

armrest removed from

wheelchair so user

Perpendicular Approach

can make a sliding side

transfer more easily

(Side Transfer)

;

Diagonal Approach

armrest

vanity cabinet could prevent

this type of common transfer

if cabinet were removed

6" to 8" of rear wheels will

fit under lavatory

(Probably Most Frequently Used Unassisted Transfer Technique)

7.41

PART TWO: CHAPTER 7

FAIR HOUSING ACT DESIGN MANUAL

Reverse Diagonal Approach

(Diagonal Transfer)

sliding board

Parallel Approach

(Side Transfer Using Sliding Board)

7.42

USABLE KITCHENS AND BATHROOMS ■ PART B: USABLE BATHROOMS

ONE OF THREE CLEAR

either a wall-hung lavatory or a countertop lava-

FLOOR SPACES REQUIRED IN

tory. Depending upon the placement of the other

BOTH A AND B BATHROOMS

bathroom fixtures and the clearances in that room,

When planning both Specification A and B bath-

any vanity cabinet may be fixed or may be required

rooms, one of the following three clear floor spaces

to be removable.

must be provided at toilets to allow people using

The Guidelines allow a countertop lava-

wheelchairs and walkers to maneuver, approach the

tory, with either a removable or fixed base cabinet,

seat, and make a safe transfer onto the toilet. The

to be a maximum depth of 24 inches. A wing or

clear floor space dimensions are to be applied or

privacy wall also may overlap the clear floor space;

superimposed over a plan during the design process

however, it, too, is restricted to a length of 24

to determine if space requirements at toilets are

inches and must be at least 33 inches from the

being met.

opposite wall. In a compartmented bathroom, the

In the plans shown below to illustrate the

33-inch dimension would have to be increased. See

clear floor space options at toilets, the arrows

the example on page 7.71.

pointing in toward the clear floor space are indicat-

In terms of accessibility or usability of the

ing the direction of approach to the toilet by a

toilet, from left to right, diagram number one

person using a wheelchair. In plans one and two,

offers a middle level of usability, number two offers

the incomplete box at the right of the toilet may be

the lowest level, and number three, the highest.

wall-hung

lavatory or

66" min.

33" min.

15"

18"

48" X 66"

cabinet

48" min.

fixed or

7.43

18"

33" min.

18" 15"

56" min.

60" min.

56" min.

60" X 56"

48" X 56"

wall-hung

vanity with

cabinet

vanity with

48" min.

lavatory or

fixed or

removable

Clear Floor Space at Toilets

(One of the Three Must be Provided in “A” and “B” Bathrooms)

PART TWO: CHAPTER 7

FAIR HOUSING ACT DESIGN MANUAL

lavatory, any other

a shower installed

33" min.

adjacent to the toilet

is not acceptable

under the Guidelines

18"

15"

36"

shower

Not Acceptable

33" min.

18"

15"

24"

max.

fixture, or wing wall

must not project into

room any more than 24"

Acceptable

Some Features May Overlap Clear Floor Space at Toilet

48-INCH X 66-INCH

CLEAR FLOOR SPACE

To provide space for a forward approach when a

lavatory is adjacent to the toilet, the clear floor

space must be a minimum of 66 inches long. The

door is located opposite the toilet to provide the

maneuvering space necessary to execute a forward

approach to the toilet (see bottom right illustration).

The user may slide the wheelchair footrests

under the toilet bowl or will swing them to either

side of the toilet to pull in closer to the bowl to

execute a front transfer. The space for a perpen-

dicular approach is actually wider than in clear

floor space number two. An added benefit of the

48-inch x 66-inch clear floor space is that a limited

version of the commonly used diagonal approach

to the toilet also is possible.

66" min.

size and position

of base cabinet,

if installed

33" min.

18"

15"

48" min.

perpendicular

approach

forward

approach

lavatory with

knee space

below

allow full forward

approach

48" X 66" Clear Floor Space

(with Overlapping Lavatory)

door located here to

diagonal approach

improved if knee

space is available

below lavatory

for forward

approach

many users

can execute a

forward, a

perpendicular,

and a limited

diagonal approach

in a 48" X 66"

clear floor space

position

7.44

USABLE KITCHENS AND BATHROOMS ■ PART B: USABLE BATHROOMS

48-INCH X 56-INCH

CLEAR FLOOR SPACE

The 48-inch x 56-inch clear floor space enclosed

on three sides is the minimum space in which a

person using a wheelchair will be able to get close

enough to make a side or perpendicular approach

to the toilet. The 48-inch dimension is consistent

with the length of the minimum clear floor space

for wheelchairs. A person wishing to make a right

transfer will approach the toilet head on as shown

in the lower right illustration, or depending upon

preference, the user may wish to back into the clear

floor space to execute a left transfer.

The 56-inch dimension may allow some

users to angle their wheelchair slightly to execute a

safer transfer onto the toilet. This angled position is

improved if the lavatory is open below. The Guide-

lines do not require that this additional maneuver-

ing space be provided for access to toilets, but it

can be accomplished with the installation of a

lavatory with a removable base cabinet. As much as

six to nine inches of the large wheels on a manual

wheelchair (somewhat less for power wheelchairs)

can be positioned under the lavatory. Removable

base cabinets are required in other situations and

will be discussed in the next section on “Clear

Floor Space at Lavatories.” See page 7.47.

the primary approach

that can be executed in

a 48" X 56" clear floor

lavatory with

space is perpendicular

knee space

below

56" min.

33" min.

18" 15"

48" min.

size and position

of base cabinet,

if installed

position for

side transfer

perpendicular

approach

48" X 56" Clear Floor Space

(with Overlapping Lavatory)

7.45

PART TWO: CHAPTER 7

FAIR HOUSING ACT DESIGN MANUAL

60-INCH X 56-INCH

CLEAR FLOOR SPACE

This clear floor space, minus the lavatory, is the

same length as at toilet clear floor space number

two, but its width is increased by 12 inches. Its

shape and size permit a large variety of transfer

positions to be assumed by someone using a

wheelchair or scooter, including parallel, perpen-

dicular, and diagonal approaches. However, a

forward approach as shown at clear floor space

number one is not possible unless the depth of this

space is increased to 66 inches. The 60-inch x 56-

inch clear floor space has added value in that it has

sufficient space so someone could assist a person

using a wheelchair in making a transfer.

position

for a parallel

56" min.

perpendicular

60" min.

parallel

60" X 56" clear floor space

60" X 56" Clear Floor Space

18"

approach

many users can execute a

parallel, a perpendicular,

and a diagonal approach in a

(with No Overlapping Elements)

7.46

USABLE KITCHENS AND BATHROOMS ■ PART B: USABLE BATHROOMS

CLEAR FLOOR SPACE AT LAVATORIES

A 30-inch x 48-inch clear floor space is required at

the lavatory so a person who uses a wheelchair or

scooter can get close enough to the basin and controls

to use the fixture. When knee space is not provided

for a forward approach, this 30-inch x 48-inch clear

floor space must be parallel to the cabinet or counter

front and centered on the basin.

Either a countertop lavatory with a vanity

cabinet or a wall-hung lavatory may be installed in

Specification A and B bathrooms. There are no

specifications for control location or type nor for

drain location. The lavatory type and width, plus the

available maneuvering space in the room, determines

whether or not a vanity cabinet must be removable.

To economize on floor space the basin

may be offset so the length of the countertop may

be less than 48 inches. In 36-inch wide countertops,

the basin may be offset provided it remains centered

on the required 48-inch long clear floor space.

If a lavatory must be installed where space

does not permit a close parallel approach with the

30-inch x 48-inch clear floor space centered on the

basin, the centerline of the basin must be at least 15

inches from an adjoining wall or fixture. It must

have knee space at least 30 inches wide to allow a

user to execute a forward approach into clear floor

space beneath the fixture.

Knee space must be provided below narrow

lavatories lacking this parallel and centered approach,

because, if not, the user must make an awkward and

often impossible, painful twisting motion over the

side of the wheelchair to reach the faucet handle that

is positioned somewhat behind one shoulder. In

addition, it is difficult from this position to wash

both hands, lean over the basin to clean teeth, etc.

Information on removable base cabinets and knee

space is given on page 7.49.

48"

Removable Base Cabinet

centerline of basin

and clear floor

space aligned

30" X 48" clear floor

space flush with

vanity front

Not Required Because Clear Floor Space

Centered on Basin

(Applicable in A and B Bathrooms)

24"

36"

Use of Offset Basin

48"

30" X 48" clear floor

space permits a

parallel approach

centered on the basin

to Reduce Lavatory Length

(Applicable in A and B Bathrooms)

15"

min.

30"

30" wide (min.) lavatory

with removable vanity

cabinet is necessary

30" X 48" clear floor space

for a parallel approach can

not be centered on basin;

therefore, knee space and

clear floor space for for-

ward approach is required

X Not Acceptable for Parallel Approach

Removable Base Cabinet Must Be Provided

Because Clear Floor Space Can Not Be Centered

(Required in A and B Bathrooms)

7.47

PART TWO: CHAPTER 7

FAIR HOUSING ACT DESIGN MANUAL

Double Basin and Pedestal Lavatories

It is also possible to install double basin lavatories

and pedestal lavatories so they meet the require-

ments of the Guidelines. Countertops for double

basin lavatories vary in length and may be as short

as 60 inches.

Where two basins are planned for installa-

tion in a 60-inch long countertop, and especially

where obstructions such as a wall and bathtub (as

shown in the illustration at right) enclose the

available maneuvering space, a forward approach

with a removable vanity cabinet should be used.

However, in this illustration the countertop is 72

inches long and the person using a wheelchair can

be parallel and centered on the basin.

Pedestal lavatories are manufactured with a

variety of pedestal widths and depths. They can be

installed in bathrooms covered by the Guidelines,

provided a parallel approach centered on the basin

can be made. Giving the appearance of having

knee space, unlike a removable base cabinet where

the knee space can be constructed to specific

design parameters, pedestal lavatories have no

removable element.

30" X 48" clear

floor space

at Double Lavatory

if this wall were not located here and

more floor area were available behind

the user, the basin may not be required

to be offset or the counter as long

72" min.

Offset Basin

24"

space to allow a user to make a head-on or forward

approach. If pedestal lavatories are installed with

the 30-inch x 48-inch clear floor space centered

on the basin, a user may execute a variety of

approaches. Angled approaches are possible

provided adjacent fixtures do not interfere.

centerline of basin aligned

24"

Usable Pedestal Lavatory

centered on basin

with centerline of lavatory

As they are currently manufactured, most

pedestal lavatories do not provide adequate knee

7.48

USABLE KITCHENS AND BATHROOMS ■ PART B: USABLE BATHROOMS

Removable Vanity Cabinets

Knee spaces are particularly important in bath-

rooms that are small and have limited maneuvering

space. It is especially critical where a close parallel

and centered approach cannot be provided at the

lavatory basin. When knee space is necessary for a

bathroom to be usable, that space must be provided

at the time of initial construction. However, it

may be concealed by a vanity cabinet that, when

removed, will expose knee space. When the cabinet

is in place a more common appearance is main-

tained and storage is provided. As in kitchens,

finishes on the floor and walls in the knee space

must be installed during initial construction so no

additional finish work is required when the vanity

cabinet is removed.

When a removable vanity cabinet is

installed, the countertop and lavatory can be

supported by wall-mounted brackets that fit inside

the cabinet. These brackets are hidden when the

base cabinet is in place; once the cabinet is

removed, the brackets are exposed.

Unfortunately, removable vanity cabinets

are not yet part of manufacturers off-the-shelf

product lines. With growing demand, some of the

commercial manufacturers are beginning to pro-

duce prototypes that should result, in the near

future, in mass marketed lavatories with removable

base cabinets.

Standard vanity cabinets may be modified

and used as removable cabinets. The cabinet back

or back supports may need to be cut down to clear

the support system and to provide clearance for

water lines, valves, and drain pipes. If the back of

the cabinet is removed or significantly modified,

the sides may have to be reinforced.

back and cross

member may need

to be removed for

plumbing and

lavatory clearance

plywood gussets

may be needed for

stiffening sides

Standard Base Cabinet

Modified to Be Removable

vanity cabinet

wall-mounted

countertop

lavatory

removable

countertop

support brackets

Removing Vanity Cabinet

to Expose Knee Space

7.49

PART TWO: CHAPTER 7

Any brackets used to support countertop

lavatories should not interfere with maneuvering

space within the bathroom; this is especially critical

in small bathrooms where maneuvering space is at

a minimum. The angled bracket shown in this

series of illustrations is held away from the floor

and is based on the ANSI knee space requirements.

Use of a similarly designed bracket is strongly

recommended.

Supports that are the full depth of the

counter that go to the floor are discouraged at

narrow lavatories but are acceptable for wider

lavatories where it is assumed that more floor area

will be available for maneuvering. Where supports

extend to the floor, at least 30 inches must be

provided between them to allow maneuvering

space for a forward approach to the lavatory. This

may require that some vanity cabinets be wider

than 30 inches, so when the cabinet is removed and

the concealed supports are exposed, 30 inches is

provided between them.

Pipe Protection at Knee Space

Plumbing below the lavatory should be covered to

prevent burns and abrasions. This can be done by

using removable insulation to cover the hot water

pipe and the drain, or by adding a fixed, one-piece

cover.

The most economical method of providing

protection from hot pipes and sharp surfaces is to

wrap them with insulation. Although this

solution is effective, it is often difficult to maintain

the insulation; it may be removed when repairs are

made and either is difficult to rewrap due to loss of

adhesion or is not replaced at all.

FAIR HOUSING ACT DESIGN MANUAL

depth of the counter and

pipes should

be insulated or

exposed

knee space

recommended

supports that are the full

come to the floor interfere

with maneuvering and are

discouraged, especially in

small bathrooms

covered with

removable panel

bracket profile

Exposed Knee Space Under

Bracket-Supported Countertop Lavatory

foam or fiber insulation

with protective overwrap

on drain, hot water

supply, and sharp edges

Lavatory with Removable

Insulation Pipe Protection

7.50

USABLE KITCHENS AND BATHROOMS ■ PART B: USABLE BATHROOMS

A reasonably priced aesthetic and func-

tional improvement is possible with the installation

of a commercially available or custom-made pipe

cover. These pipe covers should be designed and

ankles

maneuvering

space for feet and

removable

protection and

appearance panel

brackets held

away from floor

installed so they are easy to remove and replace

provide needed

when the drain trap or valves need repair.

For countertop lavatories, an appearance

and protection panel that covers the water pipes

and drain can be mounted directly to the support

brackets. Such a panel can be removed easily to

service pipes, and unlike wrapped insulation,

retains a more aesthetically pleasing appearance. It

is recommended that the insulation or protection

be installed at the time of construction. The shape

of the knee space influences the design of any

pipe protection method and is considered in the

next section.

Countertop Lavatory with Wall

Brackets and Appearance and

Protection Panel

easy to remove

and replace

commercial cover

cover mounted

directly on

support brackets

Lavatory with Removable Cover for

Preferred Appearance and

Pipe Protection

Protection Panel

7.51

PART TWO: CHAPTER 7

40" max.

27" min.

29" min.

min.

19"

max.

8" min.

6" max.

17" min.

48"

(ANSI 1992 34" max.)

not in ANSI 1986

Knee Space Design

Knee space dimensions are specifically delineated

in the Guidelines for lavatories in Specification B

bathrooms. However, in Specification A bath-

rooms, “if parallel approach is not possible

within the space, any cabinets provided would

have to be removable to afford the necessary knee

clearance for forward approach.” [Guidelines

Requirement 7 (2) (a) Note]

In Specification A bathrooms, knee space

must be at least 17 inches deep, but only 19 of

the 48 inches of clear floor space required for the

perpendicular approach may extend under the

lavatory. While the Guidelines do not provide

further specifications for knee space, it is recom-

mended that ANSI A117.1 be followed. The

specific requirements given in the Guidelines for

knee space in Specification B Bathrooms include:

centerline of the fixture at least 15 inches from

an adjoining wall or fixture, top of fixture rim a

maximum of 34 inches above the floor, apron

at least 27 inches above the floor, and

FAIR HOUSING ACT DESIGN MANUAL

In both ANSI and the Specification B

bathroom requirements, only 19 inches of the 30-

inch x 48-inch clear floor space may extend under

a lavatory. Seventeen inches is the minimum depth

allowed for either a wall-hung or a countertop

lavatory. This ensures that the basin extends

sufficiently so a wheelchair user’s feet do not strike

the wall on which the fixture is mounted before his

or her torso is close enough to the front of the

lavatory to be able to reach the controls and use

the basin.

The dimensions given in the Guidelines

for Specification B bathrooms are consistent with

those found in the ANSI Standard. They do not

completely define the shape of the knee space, and

it is recommended that builders/developers follow

the ANSI Standard when knee space must be

provided in either Specification A or Specification

B bathrooms.

bracket-

supported

countertop

lavatory

kneespace a least 17 inches deep.

48"

17" min.

27" min.

34" max.

19" max.

clear knee

space

support

brackets

ANSI 1986 Requirements at Knee Space

Knee Space at Lavatories that Meets the

(Guidance for Knee Space in A Bathrooms)

Requirements for B Bathrooms

7.52

USABLE KITCHENS AND BATHROOMS ■ PART B: USABLE BATHROOMS

CLEAR FLOOR SPACE

BATHTUBS/SHOWERS

The following discussion of bathtubs focuses on

bathing fixtures that are a combination of bathtub

and shower. It does not cover showers that are

separate bathing fixtures; these will be addressed

starting on page 7.56.

The Guidelines require that one of three

different clear floor spaces be provided at bathtubs

so people who use wheelchairs or scooters can get

close enough to execute transfers into and out of

bathtubs. The diagrams below, taken from the

Guidelines, show the clear floor space requirements

for bathtubs; numbers one and two apply to

Specification A bathrooms and number three to

Specification B bathrooms.

In all three clear floor spaces, the shaded

areas must remain clear, except that in clear floor

space diagram number 2, a lavatory that meets all

applicable clear floor space requirements for

lavatories may be located next to the toilet. In

Specification A bathrooms, either a lavatory or a

toilet may encroach upon the clear floor space next

to the bathtub.

In clear floor space diagram number one,

the arrow indicating direction of approach is

relevant only if the lavatory is wall-hung and has

knee space below. The user pulls forward into the

knee space to transfer and/or operate controls, see

illustration on the top of the next page.

30" min.

knee space

48" min.

18"

min.

60" min.

30"

min.

48"

head

headhead

Specification “B”

30" X 48"

Specification “A”

30" X 60"

clear floor space could

be located beside toilet

direction

of approach

direction

of approach

lavatory with

below

foot foot

foot

Bathrooms

lavatory with proper

Specification “A”

Bathrooms

48" X 60"

Clear Floor Space at Bathtubs/Showers

Shaded Areas Must Remain Unobstructed

(Taken from Guideline Figures 7(b) and 8)

7.53

PART TWO: CHAPTER 7

19"

max.

30" X 48" clear floor

21"

to bathtub

space for a forward

approach must not

extend more than 19"

beneath lavatory

parallel approach

despite the availability of knee space

below the lavatory, some users may find

it difficult to stretch and reach controls

wall-hung or countertop lavatory

(24" deep max.) with knee space below

Parallel Approach to Bathtub

at Lavatory with Knee Space

Permitted in Specification A

Bathrooms

If a countertop lavatory with a vanity

cabinet is located adjacent to the bathtub, a person

using a wheelchair must be able to execute a close

parallel approach centered on the basin. If the

lavatory does not afford a full parallel approach to

the basin, knee space and clear floor space for a

forward approach are required, and any cabinets

would have to be removable.

When the lavatory with vanity is adjacent

to a bathtub, reach to the controls is possible only

from a perpendicular approach which may be

difficult for some wheelchair users. To improve

access to controls, a resident who uses a wheelchair

could have a new vanity with knee space installed

or have controls repositioned closer to the tub rim.

typical 21"

deep lavatory

with vanity

cabinet below

in this location

must permit

clear floor

space to be

centered on

lavatory basin

FAIR HOUSING ACT DESIGN MANUAL

When a lavatory with vanity cabinet

is adjacent to tub, a person using in

a wheelchair must make a perpen-

dicular approach to the tub rim to

be sufficiently close to operate the

controls. The user will have to

60" min.

perpendicular approach

remove footrests, place feet in tub,

and execute a stretch which may be

difficult for some people.

Perpendicular Approach

to Bathtub at Vanity Cabinet

Permitted in Specification A

Bathrooms Only

7.54

USABLE KITCHENS AND BATHROOMS ■ PART B: USABLE BATHROOMS

Toilets typically protrude into the

room farther than vanity cabinets,

making it necessary for a person using

In Specification A bathrooms, the Guidelines

a wheelchair to perform, what may be

also allow a toilet to occupy the space next to the

for some people, a difficult stretch to

bathtub. The approach by a person using a wheel-

operate tub controls.

chair is perpendicular to the bathtub. This arrange-

ment of fixtures also makes it difficult to reach the

controls, but reach can be improved if users can

remove their footrests and position their feet in the

tub to get closer to the tub rim.

Perpendicular Approach

48" min.

18"

min.

perpendicular

60" min.

approach

user to be immersed in water for a soaking bath.

to Bathtub at Toilet

Specification B bathrooms, a 30-inch

Permitted in Specification A

x 48-inch clear floor space is required adjacent to

Bathrooms Only

the bathtub to provide greater access for transfer-

parallel

15"

min.

30" min.

30" X 48"

clear floor

approach

The only permissible overlapping

element is a 17" to 19" wall-hung

lavatory with knee space below.

Parallel Approach at Bathtub

19" max.

A second option for some users is to

transfer onto the toilet to reach the controls. The

user then must transfer back into his or her wheel-

chair and maneuver to get sufficiently close to the

bathtub rim to make a transfer down into the

bathtub. Other users may add a bathtub seat that

allows them to remain at the height of the tub rim

while bathing. Transfers back into a wheelchair may

be easier from a tub seat rather than from the floor

of the bathtub, but this option does not allow the

ring into and out of the bathtub. The controls must

be on the wall at the foot of the bathtub, as shown

in the Guidelines’ Requirement 7, Figure 8. The

edge of the clear floor space should be flush with

the control wall surface.

Neither a vanity cabinet nor a toilet may

encroach on this clear floor space. However, a wall-

hung lavatory with a depth of 17 to 19 inches and

with knee space below is the only fixture that may

overlap the clear floor space at bathtubs in Specifi-

cation B bathrooms. A lavatory that is deeper than

19 inches only may be installed if it is recessed into

the wall to allow the edge of the 30-inch x 48-inch

clear floor space to begin flush with the control

space flush

with control

with Small Wall-Hung Lavatory

wall surface at the foot of the bathtub.

wall surface

Applies to Specification B

Bathrooms Only

7.55

PART TWO: CHAPTER 7

FAIR HOUSING ACT DESIGN MANUAL

CLEAR FLOOR SPACE AT SHOWERS

Shower stalls in covered dwelling units may be of

30" X 48" clear floor

any size or configuration and are not limited to the

space flush and parallel

control

Guideline Requirements for Clear

wall

30" min.

36" min.

36"

48"

with control wall

Floor Space at Showers

36-inch x 36-inch stall shown in the diagram on

the right, taken from the Guidelines, that illustrates

clear floor space requirements for showers. An ex-

ception regarding minimum stall size is made when

a shower stall is the only bathing fixture in the

covered dwelling unit; this is discussed on page 7.58.

A 30-inch x 48-inch clear floor space must

be provided at shower stalls, parallel to the fixture

and flush with the control wall. In 36-inch x 36-inch

showers, the clear floor space must be positioned

exactly as shown in the upper right diagram, with

12 inches offset behind the wall opposite the control

wall. The Guidelines require this clear floor space

beside the shower fixture primarily to ensure that

adequate maneuvering space is available outside the

stall for a person using a mobility aid to get suffi-

ciently close to enter and exit the stall safely. The

36-inch x 48-inch shower in the center is generally

not intended for use with a wall hung bench seat

because a user seated on the bench could not reach

the controls. However, because some users may

elect to add their own seat, an additional 12 inches

of clear floor space is, as well as reinforcing for such

a seat, recommended (see page 6.13).

In Specification A bathrooms, where all

fixtures must meet the Guidelines, if the room is

equipped with both a bathtub and a separate

shower, both fixtures must be provided with the

required clear floor space. In Specification B bath-

rooms, only one bathing fixture must be provided

with the required clear floor space. All shower stalls

must have reinforced walls for later installation of

grab bars (see Chapter 6). The Guidelines contain no

specifications that limit the curb height, nor do they

48"

32"

36"

60"

30" X 48" clear floor

space flush with the

30" X 48" clear floor

space flush with the

32" X 60"

36" X 48"

control wall

shower

address control type or location.

Other Shower Sizes Meet the

Requirements of the Guidelines

7.56

USABLE KITCHENS AND BATHROOMS ■ PART B: USABLE BATHROOMS

vanity so user can pull

1/2" max.

at 1:2

48"

size and position of

vanity cabinet, if

installed

pedestal or countertop

lavatory with removable

up close to shower to

reach controls

preferred location for controls –

reachable from outside the stall as

well as from the optional bench

threshold beveled

clear floor space goes

under the lavatory 12"

optional free-

standing bench

32" nominal clear

width for stall door

Glass Shower Stall

with These Features May Work Well

for Many People Who Use Wheelchairs

Fixtures that May Overlap

Clear Floor Space at Showers

In both Specification A and B bathrooms,

other fixture may overlap the clear floor

space at showers

when the shower is only 36

inches long. However, if the shower is 42 inches

long and a lavatory is mounted on the control wall

beside the shower, it may overlap the clear floor

space by six inches. The portion of the lavatory

that overlaps the clear floor space must have knee

space below or a removable vanity cabinet. Thirty-

six inches of the stall entrance must always remain

clear for maneuvering and transfers. These limita-

tions ensure that if a wall-mounted transfer seat or

a free-standing shower bench or stool is placed in

the shower, sufficient space to make a transfer is

available.

Lavatory Must Not Encroach on Clear Floor Space

some users will need to

lean forward to transfer

at 36-Inch X 36-Inch Shower

7.57

PART TWO: CHAPTER 7

FAIR HOUSING ACT DESIGN MANUAL

Lavatory may be wall-hung

or countertop with vanity

below. If a vanity cabinet is

present then cabinets must

36" X 42" shower is

be removable.

30" min.

36" min.

48" min.

36" min.

optional seat

although users could

place a bench in the stall

to sit while bathing

clear floor space offset so

user can position wheelchair

floor space

of vanity or

wall-hung

line with

6" max.

42"

36"

optional portable

shower bench

not a transfer shower,

to make a safe transfer

6" max. may

overlap clear

front face

lavatory in

control wall

36" min. must

remain clear

Lavatory at 36-Inch X 36-Inch Shower

Applicable in Specification A and B Bathrooms

Lavatory at 36-Inch X 42-Inch Shower

Applicable in Specification A and B Bathrooms

Shower as Only Bathing Fixture

In both Specification A and B bathrooms, when a

stall shower is the only bathing fixture in the

covered dwelling unit it must be at least 36 inches

x 36 inches in size. This also applies to any planned

bathrooms on the primary entry level of covered

multistory dwelling units in buildings with one or

more elevators. Shower stalls of larger sizes and

configurations are permitted, even when the

shower stall is the only bathing fixture in the

covered unit.

While reinforced walls for later installation

of grab bars are required in all bathrooms, Specifi-

cation A bathrooms do not require reinforcing to

support a wall-mounted shower seat in the shower

stall. However, it is strongly recommended that

appropriate reinforcing for shower seats be installed

in Specification A bathrooms. See Chapter 6:

“Reinforced Walls for Grab Bars.”

In Specification B bathrooms, however, in

addition to the reinforcing required for grab bars,

the shower stall must have reinforcing to allow for

later installation of an optional wall-mounted seat

in a shower stall measuring a nominal 36 inches

square. By adding this requirement the Guidelines

are setting the framework for a shower that could

evolve into the ANSI accessible 36-inch x 36-inch

transfer shower.

7.58

USABLE KITCHENS AND BATHROOMS ■ PART B: USABLE BATHROOMS

The 36-inch x 36-inch transfer shower with a low

curb and L-shaped seat is a versatile and successful

bathing fixture for people who use wheelchairs or

have difficulty walking. If a seat is installed that can

be folded up against the wall, an ambulatory user

also can stand in the shower. The illustration below

on the right shows the primary features found in a

transfer shower. The 30-inch x 48-inch clear floor

space beside the shower provides access to the

control wall, and because it extends beyond the

back of the stall, it allows a person using a wheel-

In Specification B bathrooms,

when shower is only bathing

fixture and is a nominal 36" X

36", it must have reinforcing for

chair to position his or her chair in line with the

wall-hung seat to make a safe sliding transfer.

Reinforcing for a shower seat is not re-

quired in stalls of larger sizes, e.g., 30 inches x 60

inches because the stall is so long that the user is

not able to reach the controls from a seat at the

opposite end of the stall. However, it is recom-

mended that reinforcing be installed in stalls of

different configurations and that thought be given

to placing controls within reach of this potential

seat as well as from outside the stall.

36" min.

1/2" max. curb

L-shaped

seat

grab bars and a wall-mounted

optional

sloping

floor

clear floor

small lip

floor area

beveled at 1:2

recommended

folding.

shower seat.

shower seat

or raised

When Shower Stall

space

36-Inch X 36-Inch Shower

Is the Only Bathing Fixture It Must Be

with Folding Seat

at Least 36 Inches X 36 Inches

7.59

PART TWO: CHAPTER 7

FAIR HOUSING ACT DESIGN MANUAL

RECOMMENDATIONS FOR

INCREASED ACCESSIBILITY

While the builder or developer of multifamily housing

is not required to address all the design concerns faced

by people with disabilities who may live in a develop-

ment, there are certain aspects of bathroom design

which should be considered when selecting fixtures.

Toilet Seat Height

There is no single seat height which would suit all

users. Low toilet seats are difficult for people who have

trouble getting up on their feet and for people who use

wheelchairs who may be able to transfer onto the seat

but not get back into their chairs without assistance.

High seats may be difficult for some wheelchair

users to get onto and for shorter people because their

feet do not touch the floor, making it difficult to

maintain balance.

ANSI 4.32.4.2 specifies that toilet seats in

dwelling units “shall be at least 15 inches and no more

than 19 inches measured to the top of the toilet seat.”

Standard toilets with 15-inch high seats are widely

available in the marketplace and offer the best

flexibility for adaptation for a wider range of people.

For a user who may require that the seat be higher, it

is relatively simple to install a seat spacer or thick seat.

By contrast, to lower a toilet usually requires replacing

the entire toilet fixture. It is recommended that

standard low 15-inch toilets be installed in all

dwelling units covered by the Guidelines.

Handles, Faucets, and Controls

Many people have difficulty using faucets and controls

that require grasping and twisting of symmetrical

shapes such as round, cylindrical, or square handles. It

is preferable to install lever or blade handles which

15"

18"

seat spacer

standard seat

Elevated Seats at Conventional Toilets

single lever

handle

Ideal Faucet Control

7.60

min. clear floor space

outside swing of door

reinforcing in walls or

floors for grab bars

Legend:

min. clear floor space

at each fixture

USABLE KITCHENS AND BATHROOMS ■ PART B: USABLE BATHROOMS

can be used without gripping or twisting. If a faucet

can be operated with a closed fist and requires less

than five pounds of force to operate, then it is a usable

control for most people with disabilities.

Control location also can greatly improve ease

and safe use of the fixture. When bathtub controls are

offset toward the outside of the bathing fixture, the

need to bend and stretch to reach the controls from

outside the fixture is greatly reduced - a help for any

user with limited flexibility.

Auxiliary Handles at Doors

Suggestions to increase the accessibility and usability of

bathrooms are made in the following section, “Ex-

ample Bathroom Floor Plans that Comply with the

Guidelines.” One enhancement frequently highlighted

is the installation of auxiliary handles on bathroom

doors. Not required by the Guidelines, this additional

hardware works well for many people with mobility

impairments who have difficulty closing doors. With

the installation of a second handle (such as a 4-inch

loop handle similar to those used on drawers and

kitchen cabinets) on the pull side of the door, near the

hinge edge, the user is provided with an additional,

and often easier, method of closing a door.

blade handles

Another Usable Faucet Control

Preferred Offset

Control Location

6" max.

to close door

on Pull Side of Door

auxiliary handle

makes it easier

Auxiliary Handle

7.61

min. clear floor space

outside swing of door

reinforcing in walls or

floors for grab bars

Legend:

min. clear floor space

at each fixture

PART TWO: CHAPTER 7

FAIR HOUSING ACT DESIGN MANUAL

EXAMPLES OF BATHROOM

FLOOR PLANS THAT COMPLY

WITH THE

GUIDELINES

The plans presented on the following pages are

examples of “usable” bathrooms and powder rooms

that comply with either Specification A or Specifi-

cation B or both. These plans are only a sampling

of possible layouts that would conform to the

specifications and are not intended to limit design-

ers’ options; certainly other layouts are feasible.

The plans are neither required nor even suggested

as ideal examples. They are included to illustrate

typical applications or interpretations of specific

requirements of the Guidelines under various

circumstances.

The plans may be used as resource material

and planning guides when developing new multi-

family housing designs. Conventional industry

standard fixture sizes have been used consistently

when developing these plans.

The toilets used measure 29 inches from

the back wall to the front edge of the bowl. As

toilets vary in size, with some being as long as 30

inches, it is important to allow sufficient space

for doors to clear the toilet bowl. Wall-hung

lavatories are 19 inches deep and countertop

lavatories with base cabinets below are 21 inches

deep unless noted otherwise on the plans. Doors

are 34 inches wide to provide the required nominal

32-inch clear opening. Rooms may need to be

enlarged if a 36-inch door is installed. Bathtubs

in the small bathrooms are 60 inches long and,

along with showers, vary as the rooms become

less conventional.

It is important to allow sufficient space

for any fixtures that may be larger than those

shown here. Although designers should rely upon

the dimensions indicated and not scale off the

drawings, all plans in this section are reproduced

at 1/4-inch scale.

Some of the plans are more usable than

others by people with disabilities and comments

are included to describe where improvements

could be made. The plans are divided according

to bathing fixture type: bathtub/showers, showers,

and multiple bathing fixtures. The plans are pre-

sented in pairs, with the first showing the overall

room shape while the dimensioned plan describes

the clear floor spaces at fixtures and indicates

minimum wall and/or floor areas to be reinforced.

Text and notes presented in italic type

are comments or recommendations and are not

required by the Guidelines.

7.62

USABLE KITCHENS AND BATHROOMS ■ PART B: USABLE BATHROOMS

BATHROOMS WITH BATHTUB BATHING FIXTURE

“A” Bathroom with Bathtub

no leg or support should

be present on right out-

side corner so user can

pull in under the lavatory

reinforcing may be

required in floor

depending on type of

grab bars planned for

countertop lavatory

with knee space below

to allow forward

approach to fixture

5'-6"

8'-0"

since parallel approach

centered on basin not

possible, cabinet below

lavatory must be removable

where a removable

cabinet is provided below

a countertop less than 32''

in width, care must be

taken to prevent support

method or brackets from

encroaching upon

required kneespace, see

page 7.50

door must swing out (see

note below)

reinforcing must be

located in this area to

provide support for a

drop-down grab bar or a

floor-mounted bar similar

to those shown on page

6.6; the bar must swing

out of the way so access

to the tub and controls

is available

A person using a

wheelchair would back

into the room to use the

bathtub but must be able

to close the door and have

an unblocked forward

approach to the bathtub;

therefore, to comply with

the Guidelines, the door

must swing out.

min. clear floor space

outside swing of door

reinforcing in walls or

floors for grab bars

Legend: at each fixture

7.63

PART TWO: CHAPTER 7

“A” Bathroom with Bathtub

clear floor space for

maneuvering outside

swing of door

vanity with clear floor

space centered

on basin to permit

parallel approach

24'' minimum

reinforcing required,

42" preferred

5'-0"

9'-8"

FAIR HOUSING ACT DESIGN MANUAL

door and countertop

sized so they do not

conflict

while not required, access

is improved if door swings

out and an auxiliary door

handle is installed

clear floor space at

lavatory doubles as clear

floor space at bathtub

min. clear floor space

outside swing of door

min. clear floor space

reinforcing in walls or

floors for grab bars

Legend: at each fixture

7.64

USABLE KITCHENS AND BATHROOMS ■ PART B: USABLE BATHROOMS

“A” Bathroom with Bathtub

The Guidelines do not require space for a five-foot

turn or a T-turn in bathrooms; see page 7.39. In

this bathroom, most persons using a wheelchair

will not be able to turn around and may have to

back into or out of the room. This, combined with

while not required,

access is improved if

door swings out and

an auxiliary door

handle is installed

reinforcing may be

required in floor,

depending on type

of grab bars

planned for

space centered on

basin to permit

parallel approach

the lack of space to the latch side of the door,

makes this room difficult to use by many people.

Therefore, it is recommended that the 5'-2"

dimension be increased and/or that knee space be

provided under the lavatory.

clear floor space for

maneuvering outside

swing of door

if room has a 21" deep

lavatory countertop

and 60" long tub,

depending on size of

door trim, a narrow

gap may result at one

end of the tub; the

wall could be “furred”

out at the control end

or a tile ledge could

be added

5'-2"

9'-4"

reinforcing must be

located in this area to

provide support for a

drop-down grab bar

vanity with clear floor

or a floor-mounted

bar similar to those

shown on page 6.6;

the bar must swing

out of the way so

access to the tub and

controls is available

min. clear floor space

outside swing of door

reinforcing in walls or

floors for grab bars

Legend: at each fixture

7.65

PART TWO: CHAPTER 7

FAIR HOUSING ACT DESIGN MANUAL

“B” Bathroom with Bathtub

clear floor space for

maneuvering outside

swing of door

24'' minimum

reinforcing required,

42" preferred

vanity with clear

floor space centered

on basin to permit

parallel approach

6'-10"

7'-9"

if tile area is a shelf,

reinforcing should be

located in the vertical

wall to support

future grab bar

mounted 33" to 36"

above the floor

tile area could be

either a seat or

a shelf

while not required,

access is improved if

door swings out and

an auxiliary door

handle is installed

if tile area is a seat

at back of bathtub,

reinforcing at least

6" to 8" wide must

be located here

no reinforcing

required in this wall

min. clear floor space

outside swing of door

min. clear floor space

reinforcing in walls or

floors for grab bars

Legend: at each fixture

7.66

USABLE KITCHENS AND BATHROOMS ■ PART B: USABLE BATHROOMS

“B” Bathroom with Bathtub

Only 19 inches of the required 30-inch x 48-inch

clear floor space can go under a lavatory. A deeper

lavatory would require that the clear floor space be

positioned away from the plumbing wall and closer

5'-0"

to the tub, causing it to overlap with the door

swing. If a deeper lavatory is desired the room must

be lengthened.

8'-3"

19" maximum deep

wallhung lavatory

with knee space

clear floor space for

maneuvering outside

swing of door

while not required, access

is improved if door swings

out and an auxiliary door

handle is installed

min. clear floor space

outside swing of door

reinforcing in walls or

floors for grab bars

Legend: at each fixture

7.67

PART TWO: CHAPTER 7

FAIR HOUSING ACT DESIGN MANUAL

“B” Bathroom with Bathtub

storage

alternate

door

location

clear floor space

of door

to meet the Guidelines

be located on this wall

end of knee space

flush with bathtub

because knee space

is not the full depth,

can be located

on a common

plumbing wall

shelves

for maneuvering

outside swing

because lavatory has

no knee space below,

bathtub controls must

control wall permits

access to controls;

user must still be able

to execute a parallel

approach to lavatory

if lavatory has

knee space below,

bathtub controls

Option 1:

Plumbing on Opposite Walls

Lavatory With Base Cabinet Below

(No Knee Space)

Option 2:

Plumbing on Common Wall

Lavatory With Shallow Knee Space

6'-0"

8'-6"

5'-0"

6'-0"

36" wide vanity

with offset basin

to permit parallel

approach centered

on basin

min. clear floor space

outside swing of door

min. clear floor space

reinforcing in walls or

floors for grab bars

Legend: at each fixture

7.68

USABLE KITCHENS AND BATHROOMS ■ PART B: USABLE BATHROOMS

“B” Bathroom with Bathtub

shallow linen closets

may have doors that do

not provide a nominal

32" clear opening

controls located

within reach of

seated user

whirlpool

tub

reinforcing for deck-

mounted grab bars

5'-0" 2'-8"

8'-0"

5'-0" 2'-11"

8'-3"

1'-8"

whirlpool

tub

clear floor space for

maneuvering outside swing

of door (extends into knee

space at lavatory)

24" long max.

partition wall

removable

base cabinet at

knee space

24'' min. reinforcing

required, 42" preferred

24" deep max. countertop

lavatory with removable

vanity cabinet below to

allow a forward approach,

see page 7.47 for more

detailed discussion

min. clear floor space

outside swing of door

reinforcing in walls or

floors for grab bars

Legend: at each fixture

7.69

PART TWO: CHAPTER 7

FAIR HOUSING ACT DESIGN MANUAL

Compartmentalized

“A” Bathroom with Bathtub

base cabinet at

knee space

open to bedroom

removable

clear floor space for

maneuvering within

tub/toilet area

if 6" of space were added

between bathtub and toilet,

bathroom also could be a

24" deep vanity with

“B” bathroom

clear floor space for

parallel approach to

6'-6" 5'-0"

right basin plus knee

space below left

basin for a forward

5'-6"

approach

in “A” bathrooms

all fixtures, including

both lavatories, must

be usable

min. clear floor space

outside swing of door

min. clear floor space

reinforcing in walls or

floors for grab bars

Legend: at each fixture

7.70

USABLE KITCHENS AND BATHROOMS ■ PART B: USABLE BATHROOMS

BATHROOMS WITH SHOWER BATHING FIXTURE

“A” and “B” Bathroom with Shower

while not required, access is

improved if door swings out

and an auxiliary door handle

is installed

linen closets may have

doors that do not provide

a nominal 32" clear width

if they do not require the

user to pass through the

door to reach the contents

36" x 36" min. shower

with clear floor space

offset to provide access

to optional seat

optional shower seat

6'-10"

8'-0"

clear floor space for

maneuvering outside

swing of door

vanity with clear floor

space centered on basin

to permit parallel

approach

24'' min. reinforcing

required, 42" preferred

transferring onto toilet may

be difficult for some people,

recommend increasing this

dimension 6"

min. clear floor space

outside swing of door

reinforcing in walls or

floors for grab bars

Legend: at each fixture

7.71

PART TWO: CHAPTER 7

FAIR HOUSING ACT DESIGN MANUAL

“A” and “B” Bathroom with Shower

clear floor space for

maneuvering outside

swing of door

while not required,

access is improved if

door swings out and

an auxiliary door

handle is installed

where a removable

cabinet is provided

below a countertop

less than 32'' in width,

care must be taken

to prevent support

method or brackets

from encroaching

upon required knee

space, see page 7.50

36" x 36" min. shower

with clear floor space

offset to provide access

to optional seat

optional shower seat

5'-6"

8'-7"

removable base

cabinet at knee space

no leg or support

should be present on

left outside corner so

user can pull in under

the lavatory

30" wide countertop

lavatory with knee

space below to allow

forward approach

to fixture

min. clear floor space

outside swing of door

min. clear floor space

reinforcing in walls or

floors for grab bars

Legend: at each fixture

7.72

USABLE KITCHENS AND BATHROOMS ■ PART B: USABLE BATHROOMS

“A” and “B” Bathroom with Shower

clear floor space

for maneuvering

outside swing of

door

alternate door location

36" wide vanity with offset

basin to permit parallel

approach centered on basin

6'-6"

6'-0" 3'-0"

3'-0"

24'' min.

reinforcing

required, 42"

preferred

optional

shower seat

36" x 36" min.

shower with clear

floor space offset

to provide access

to optional seat

min. clear floor space

outside swing of door

reinforcing in walls or

floors for grab bars

Legend: at each fixture

7.73

PART TWO: CHAPTER 7

“A” and “B” Bathroom with Shower

24'' min. reinforcing

required, 42" preferred

36" x 36" min. shower

with clear floor space

offset to provide access

to optional seat

3'-0"

6'-0"

9'-6"

6'-6"

FAIR HOUSING ACT DESIGN MANUAL

clear floor space for

maneuvering outside

swing of door

while not required, access is

improved if door swings out

and an auxiliary door handle

is installed

storage shelves

36" wide vanity with

offset basin to permit

parallel approach

centered on basin

optional shower seat

min. clear floor space

outside swing of door

min. clear floor space

reinforcing in walls or

floors for grab bars

Legend: at each fixture

7.74

USABLE KITCHENS AND BATHROOMS ■ PART B: USABLE BATHROOMS

“A” Bathroom with Large Shower

clear floor space for

maneuvering outside

swing of door

storage shelves

pedestal lavatory

with clear floor

space centered on

basin to permit

parallel approach

24'' minimum

reinforcing required,

42" preferred

6'-6"

9'-4"

oversized shower with

glass door enclosure

sliding glass doors may

have to be removed to

provide opening large

enough to allow a transfer

from outside the shower

optional additional set of

controls and shower head for

use from seat

optional built-in seat

min. clear floor space

outside swing of door

reinforcing in walls or

floors for grab bars

Legend:

min. clear floor space

at each fixture

7.75

PART TWO: CHAPTER 7

FAIR HOUSING ACT DESIGN MANUAL

Single Room Occupancy Unit

with Roll-In Shower

sleeping/dressing area

clear floor space for

maneuvering within

roll-in shower has

shower/toilet room

no lip or curb

door must

swing out

bathroom floor is

waterproofed and

sloped so entire

room acts as

shower/wet area

24'' minimum

42" preferred

reinforcing required,

8'-0"

2'-6"

6'-6"

4'-0"

4'-6"

vanity with clear

floor space to permit

parallel approach

centered on basin

optional folding

shower seat

min. clear floor space

outside swing of door

reinforcing in walls or

floors for grab bars

Legend:

min. clear floor space

at each fixture

7.76

USABLE KITCHENS AND BATHROOMS ■ PART B: USABLE BATHROOMS

BATHROOMS WITH TWO BATHING FIXTURES

“B” Bathroom with Two Bathing Fixtures

(Accessible Shower/Inaccessible Bathtub)

although not required,

since the toilet is in an

alcove, it is recommended

that the alcove width

be increased from the

Guidelines min. of 33''

to 36'' (shown at 33")

24" long max.

partition wall

step

36" x 36" minimum

shower with clear

floor space offset to

provide access to seat

optional shower seat

24'' minimum

reinforcing required,

42" preferred

8'-6"

8'-4"

step

inaccessible raised

or sunken whirlpool

bathtub

while not required,

access is improved if

door swings out and an

auxiliary door handle

is installed

clear floor space for

maneuvering outside

swing of door

because bathtub is

inaccessible, clear floor

space at that fixture is

not required; however

reinforcing for grab

bars is required

min. clear floor space

outside swing of door

reinforcing in walls or

floors for grab bars

Legend: at each fixture

7.77

PART TWO: CHAPTER 7

FAIR HOUSING ACT DESIGN MANUAL

“A”and “B” Bathroom with Two Bathing Fixtures

(Accessible Bathtub/Accessible Shower)

whirlpool bathtub

removable base

cabinet at knee space

clear floor space for

maneuvering outside

swing of door

(extends into knee

space at lavatory)

deck or floor-

mounted grab bar

reinforcing should be

6" to 8" wide min.

reinforcing for grab

bars may be installed

in the floor when

whirlpool bathtub is

not surrounded

by walls

controls located

within reach of

seated user

30" x 48" shower

with clear floor space

24'' minimum

reinforcing required,

42" preferred

10'-0"

4'-0"

7'-0"

2'-6"

custom corner

countertop lavatory

with knee space below

to allow forward

approach to fixture

24" long maximum

partition wall,

shorter preferred

although not required,

since the toilet is in an

alcove, it is recommended

that the alcove width

be increased from the

Guidelines min. of 33''

to 36'' (shown at 33")

min. clear floor space

outside swing of door

min. clear floor space

reinforcing in walls or

floors for grab bars

Legend: at each fixture

7.78

USABLE KITCHENS AND BATHROOMS ■ PART B: USABLE BATHROOMS

“B” Bathroom with Two Bathing Fixtures

(Accessible Bathtub/Inaccessible Shower)

step

less than 32" nominal clear

clear floor space

of door

while not required,

access is improved

if door swings out

and an auxiliary

door handle

some people using wheel-

linen

closet

shower

controls located within

reach of seated user

linen closet doors may be

width if user is not required

to pass through the door to

reach the contents

this room could be improved

by omitting the closet to allow

additional maneuvering space

for maneuvering

outside swing

chairs will have to leave the

sliding door open in order

grab bars can be deck-

mounted if solid construc-

tion, wall-mounted if tub

is prefabricated

deck or floor-mounted

grab bar reinforcing should

be 6'' to 8'' wide min.

to position their chair to

is installed

make a transfer onto toilet

inaccessible

step

5'-0" 1'-6"

6'-10"

4'-0" 5'-0" 2'-8"

12'-4"

4'-0"

9'-9"

8'-0"

1'-9"

shower still must

have reinforcing

for grab bars

min. clear floor space

outside swing of door

reinforcing in walls or

floors for grab bars

Legend: at each fixture

7.79

PART TWO: CHAPTER 7

FAIR HOUSING ACT DESIGN MANUAL

POWDER ROOMS

Powder rooms must meet the requirements for

clear floor space at fixtures and reinforcing in walls

only when they are on the accessible level of

multistory units in buildings having one or more

elevators.

removable base cabinet

at knee space

while not required, access is

improved if door swings out

and an auxiliary door handle

is installed

24'' minimum reinforcing

required, 42" preferred

5'-6"

5'-8"

clear floor space for

maneuvering outside swing

of door (extends into knee

space at lavatory)

where a removable cabinet

is provided below a

countertop less than 32''

in width, care must be

taken to prevent support

method or brackets from

encroaching upon required

knee space, see page 7.50

24" deep countertop

lavatory with knee space

below to allow forward

approach to fixture

min. clear floor space

outside swing of door

min. clear floor space

reinforcing in walls or

floors for grab bars

Legend: at each fixture

7.80

USABLE KITCHENS AND BATHROOMS ■ PART B: USABLE BATHROOMS

Powder Room

Powder rooms must meet the requirements for

clear floor space at fixtures and reinforcing in walls

only when they are on the accessible level of

multistory units in buildings having one or more

elevators.

removable base cabinet

at knee space

clear floor space

for maneuvering

to comply with the

Guidelines, door must be

outswinging so there is a

clear floor space outside

the swing of door

24'' min. reinforcing

required, 42" preferred

5'-3"

countertop lavatory with

knee space below to

allow forward approach

to fixture

where a removable cabinet

is provided below a

countertop less than 32''

in width, care must be

taken to prevent support

method or brackets from

encroaching upon required

knee space, see page 7.50

min. clear floor space

outside swing of door

reinforcing in walls or

floors for grab bars

Legend: at each fixture

7.81

PART TWO: CHAPTER 7

FAIR HOUSING ACT DESIGN MANUAL

Powder Room

Powder rooms must meet the requirements for

clear floor space at fixtures and reinforcing in walls

only when they are on the accessible level of

multistory units in buildings having one or more

elevators.

clear floor space for

maneuvering outside

swing of door

While an inswinging door is

allowed, it is difficult to open

door once inside the room

unless the user backs into

the space. Access is improved

if door swings out and an

auxiliary door handle is

installed.

6'-10"

5'-3"

vanity with clear floor

space to permit parallel

approach centered on

basin

24'' min. reinforcing

required, 42" preferred

min. clear floor space

outside swing of door

min. clear floor space

reinforcing in walls or

floors for grab bars

Legend: at each fixture

7.82

USABLE KITCHENS AND BATHROOMS ■ PART B: USABLE BATHROOMS

Powder Room

Powder rooms must meet the requirements for clear

floor space at fixtures and reinforcing in walls only

when they are on the accessible level of multistory

units in buildings having one or more elevators.

clear floor space for

maneuvering outside

swing of door

removable base cabinet

at knee space

4'-0"

storage shelves

to comply with the

Guidelines, door must be

outswinging so there is a

clear floor space outside

the swing of door

6'-9"

24" minimum

reinforcing required,

42" preferred

countertop lavatory with

knee space below to

allow forward approach

to fixture

30" is insufficient space to

make a 90-degree turn under

the lavatory, therefore 36" is

recommended

min. clear floor space

outside swing of door

reinforcing in walls or

floors for grab bars

Legend: at each fixture

7.83