INTERNATIONAL TRAVEL AND HEALTH – 18 NOVEMBER 2022
(REVISED ON 3 JANUARY
2023)
Country List
1
Country vaccination requirements
2
and WHO recommendations for vaccination against yellow fever,
poliomielytis, and malaria prophylaxis in international travellers
Introduction
The Country List is a compilation of key information to facilitate international travel. The information
provided for each country includes vaccination requirements for international travellers as provided by States
Parties to the International Health Regulations (2005) (IHR), as well as WHO recommendations for
vaccination against yellow fever, poliomielytis, and malaria prophylaxis.
3
,
4
,
5
The Country List is produced after consultation with States Parties to the IHR , and includes input from WHO
technical units at headquarters and from WHO Regional Offices. States Parties are consulted yearly to confirm
or update their country's requirements for international travellers.
6
Country requirements are subject to change at any time. Temporary country requirements and WHO
recommendations related to specific events are published on the Travel advice page of WHO website.
7
However, it is important for travellers to ensure that they know the requirements of the country to which they
are travelling by checking with the relevant consulate or embassy.
As a complement to the Country List, the International Travel and Health (ITH) Chapter 6 on Vaccine-
preventable diseases and vaccines describes WHO recommendations on: 1) routine vaccines for review before
travelling, and 2) vaccines for certain destinations. This document is updated every two years and is available
from the WHO website (most recent update from 2020).
8
Yellow fever
Vaccination
Pursuant to IHR provisions, States Parties may require proof of vaccination against yellow fever as a condition
of entry or of exit from an area where WHO has determined there is a risk of yellow fever transmission. WHO
is recommending vaccination against yellow fever for travellers to areas that are determined to be at risk for
yellow fever transmission. Yellow fever risk mapping for international travellers and WHO recommendations
are submitted to the Scientific and Technical Advisory Group on Geographical Yellow Fever Risk Mapping
(GRYF) for review.
9
Due to the COVID-19 pandeAdd this: However, due to COVID-19 GRYF has not been
assembles since 2019. Additional infforamtion about risk of yellow fever has been collected from the WHO
Eliminate yellow fever epidemics (EYE) strategy 2017-2026 (EYE) initiative.
10
1
In this publication, the terms “country” and “countries” refer to countries, territories and areas.
2
Country vaccination requirements against COVID-19 are not encompassed by this publications.
3
WHO publishes these requirements for purposes of information only; this publication does not constitute an endorsement or confirmation that
such requirements provided by WHO Member States / States Parties to the IHR are in accordance with the provisions of the IHR.
4
The requirement by some countries for vaccination against yellow fever of infants over 6 months of age is not in accordance with WHO advice
outlines in Chapter 6 of the ITH. Travellers should, however, be informed that such requirement exists for entry into those countries concerned.
5
When available, the date of the most recent update or confirmation is indicated in parentheses in the country list. If no accurate date is
indicated, the most recent update or confirmation was provided prior to 2013.
6
The consultion with States Parties to the IHR is conducted through a survey, prepared by WHO headquarters on 16 March 2022 in the six
official langiages, and dispatched, to the 196 States Parties by email, through the relevant WHO Regional Offices. States Parties with
dependencies were requested to provide information on those as well. The deadline for States Parties to share the completed questionnaire with
both, WHO headquarters and the relevant WHO Regional Office, was 15 May 2022. Between 25 March and 15 August 2022, 70 States Paties
(36%) respeonded to the survey (African Region: 0/47 (0%) States Parties; Region of the Americas: 20/35 (57%) States Parties; Eastern
Mediterranean Region: 21/21 (100%) States Parties; European Region: 20/55 (36%) States Parties; South-East Asia Region: 5/11 (45%) States
Parties; Western Pacific Region: 4/27 (15%) States Parties. In addition, information was provided regarding 9 dependencies.
7
WHO International Travel and Health web page, see All updates for travellers section at: https://www.who.int/travel-advice/all-updates-for-
travellers (accessed 3 November 2022).
8
For further information, see Chapter 6 on the WHO web page at: https://cdn.who.int/media/docs/default-source/travel-and-
health/9789241580472-eng-chapter-6.pdf?sfvrsn=8c1a400c_14 (accessed 3 November 2022).
9
For further information on the GRYF, see the WHO web page at: http://www.who.int/ith/yellow-fever-risk-mapping/en/ (accessed 3 November
2022).
10
For further information on the EYE initiative, see the WHO web page at: https://www.who.int/initiatives/eye-
strategy#:~:text=The%20EYE%20strategy%20is%20a,prevent%20international%20spread%3B%20and (accessed 7 November 2022).
2
Annex 1 of the ITH provides a summary list of countries that WHO has determined with risk of yellow fever
transmission
–
either across their entire territory or part(s) of it
–
, as well as of country requirements for proof
of vaccination against yellow fever as a condition for entry.
11
The rationale for vaccination against yellow fever vaccination in international travellers is two-folds:
1. To prevent the international spread of the disease
Countries protect themselves from the risk of importing or further spreading yellow fever virus by
establishing entry requirements on yellow fever vaccination. Generally, countries that require proof of
vaccination are those where the mosquito vector and potential non-human primate hosts of yellow fever are
present. Any importation of the virus into such countries by infected travellers may result in its propagation
and establishment, posing the local population at risk. Proof of vaccination is often required for travellers
arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission and sometimes for travellers in transit through
such countries. It should be noted that some countries require proof of vaccination from all travellers.
A WHO meeting of yellow fever experts proposed in 2010 that less than 12 hours of airport transit in an
area at risk of yellow fever poses an almost non-existent risk of yellow fever and, therefore, that proof of
vaccination might not be necessary. This publications captures such information to the extent possible.
Therefore, travellers should confirm individual country requirements by contacting, prior to departure, the
relevant consulate or embassy of the country they intend to visit.
Yellow fever is currently the only disease for which proof of vaccination may be required for travellers as
a condition of entry to a State Party under Articles 35 and 36, and Annex 7 of the IHR. Requirements of
proof of vaccination against other diseases may be introduced in the context of a public health emergency
of international concern (PHEIC) according to the temporary recommendations issued by the Director-
General of WHO (e.g. PHEIC related to the ongoing events and context involving transmission and
international spread of poliovirus). With respect to Annex 7 of the IHR, specifically referring to yellow
fever, an important change was made in May 2014, when the World Health Assembly adopted a revision to
it, which extends the validity of a certificate of vaccination against yellow fever from 10 years to the life of
the person vaccinated.
12
This change came into force on 11 July 2016. For both existing and newly issued
certificates, revaccination or a booster dose of yellow fever vaccine cannot be required from international
travellers as a condition entry into a country, regardless of the date on which their international certificate
of vaccination was initially issued.
2. To protect individual travellers who may be exposed to yellow fever infection
The risk of yellow fever transmission in a country depends on both, the presence of the virus in humans or
animals, as well as the presence of competent mosquitos-vectors. Because yellow fever is frequently fatal
for those who have not been vaccinated, vaccination is recommended for travellers (with few exceptions,
as noted in Chapter 6) visiting areas where there is a risk of yellow fever transmission.
WHO determines those areas where “a risk of yellow fever transmission is present” on the basis of the
diagnosis of cases of yellow fever in humans and/or animals, the results of yellow fever sero-surveys, and
the presence of vectors and animal reservoirs. The maps presenting areas at risk for yellow fever
transmission are available from the WHO website.
13
Decisions regarding the use of yellow fever vaccine for travellers must take several factors into account,
including the risk of exposure to yellow fever virus (e.g. workers in extractive industries such as mining or
forestry in areas at risk for yellow fever) and the potential for serious adverse events following yellow fever
vaccination (Chapter 6).
14
11
Annex 1 (2022) is available on the WHO web page at: https://www.who.int/publications/m/item/countries-with-risk-of-yellow-fever-
transmission-and-countries-requiring-yellow-fever-vaccination-(november-2022).
12
World Health Assembly resolution WHA67.13 containing the updated Annex 7 of the IHR (2005), see the WHO website at:
https://apps.who.int/gb/ebwha/pdf_files/WHA67/A67_R13-en.pdf (accessed 3 November 2022).
13
See WHO yellow fever risk maps for Africa at ITH_YF_vaccination_africa.png (2028×1358) (who.int), and for the Americas at Yellow Fever
Vaccination Recommendations in the Americas, 2019 (arcgis.com) (both accessed 3 November2022).
14
For further information, see Chapter 6 on the WHO web page at: https://cdn.who.int/media/docs/default-source/travel-and-
health/9789241580472-eng-chapter-6.pdf?sfvrsn=8c1a400c_14 (accessed 3 November 2022).
3
The table below summarizes the categories of WHO recommendations for vaccination against yellow fever
in international travellers.
WHO recommendations for yellow fever vaccination for travellers
Yellow fever vaccination Rationale for recommendation
category
Recommended Yellow fever vaccination is recommended for all travellers ≥ 9 months
of age in areas where there is evidence of persistent or periodic yellow
fever virus transmission.
Generally not recommended Yellow fever vaccination is generally not recommended in areas where
there is low potential for yellow fever virus exposure (no human cases of
yellow fever ever reported and evidence to suggest only low levels of
yellow fever virus transmission in the past). However, vaccination might
be considered for a small subset of travellers to these areas who are at
increased risk of exposure to mosquitoes or are unable to avoid mosquito
bites. When considering vaccination, any traveller must take into account
the risk of being infected with yellow fever virus, country entry
requirements, and individual risk factors (e.g. age, immune status) for
serious vaccine-associated adverse events.
Poliomyelitis
Until the disease has been certified as eradicated globally, the risks of acquiring polio (for travellers to infected
areas) and of reinfection of polio-free areas (by travellers from infected areas) remain.
Travellers from polio-free to polio-endemic countries should have completed polio vaccination according to
their national immunization schedule. Incomplete polio vaccinations should be completed. It is particularly
important that people living in countries with active transmission of poliovirus (including vaccine-derived
virus) be fully vaccinated. In addition, travellers from such countries should receive a dose of oral poliovirus
vaccine (OPV) or inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) at least 4 weeks before (and within 12 months of)
departure. For further details on vaccine data and WHO recommendations please consult the updated Chapter
6 of the ITH.
15
On 5 May 2014, the Director-General of WHO determined the international spread of wild poliovirus to
constitute a PHEIC under the IHR and issued temporary recommendations to reduce the international spread
of wild poliovirus. The temporary recommendations are reviewed and updated by the Director-General of
WHO every three months, based on advice from the IHR Emergency Committee concerning ongoing events
and context involving transmission and international spread of poliovirus.
16
The most up to date temporary
recommendations are available on the WHO website.
15
Updates on currently endemic, affected states and vulnerable countries are available from the Global Polio
Eradication Initiative website.
17
Some polio-free countries require resident travellers and long-term visitors from polio-infected countries to
provide documentation of recent vaccination against polio in order to obtain an entry visa, or they may require
travellers to receive an additional dose of polio vaccine on arrival, or both. Travellers should confirm
individual country requirements by contacting the relevant consulate or embassy of the country they intend to
visit.
15
For further information, see Chapter 6 on the WHO web page at: https://cdn.who.int/media/docs/default-source/travel-and-
health/9789241580472-eng-chapter-6.pdf?sfvrsn=8c1a400c_14 (accessed 3 November 2022).
16
IHR Emergency Committee concerning ongoing events and context involving transmission and international spread of poliovirus:
https://www.who.int/groups/poliovirus-ihr-emergency-committee (accessed 3 November 2022).
17
See Global Polio Eradication Initiative web page on Where we work at http://polioeradication.org/where-we-work/ and the WHO poliomyelitis
web page at https://www.who.int/health-topics/poliomyelitis (both accessed 3 November 2022).
4
Malaria
General information about malaria, its geographical distribution, and details of preventive measures are
included in Chapter 7 of the ITH, which is updated every two years and is available on the WHO website.
18
Specific information for each country is provided in this section, including epidemiological details for
countries with malarious areas (geographical and seasonal distribution, altitude, predominant species, reported
resistance). The recommended types of prevention are also indicated.
For each country, the recommendation of prevention type is based on the following factors: the risk of
contracting malaria, the prevailing species of malaria parasites in the area, the level and spread of drug
resistance reported from the country, and the possible risk of serious side-effects resulting from the use of the
various prophylactic drugs.
Where Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax both occur, prevention of P. falciparum malaria takes priority.
Unless the malaria risk is defined as due “exclusively” to a certain species (e.g. P. falciparum or P. vivax),
travellers may be at risk from any of the parasite species, including mixed infections. P. falciparum resistance
to chloroquine and sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine is at present nearly universal and is no longer specifically
mentioned in the country list below. These two medications currently have no role in the prevention or
treatment of falciparum malaria in travellers.
Depending on the type of malaria risk in the specific area of the country/territory visited, the recommended
prevention method may be mosquito-bite prevention only, or mosquito-bite prevention in combination with
chemoprophylaxis and/or standby emergency treatment (SBET). The selection of medicine to use for
chemoprophylaxis should take into account the reported drug-resistance pattern in the locality, as shown in
the table below, where the letters A, B and C refer to the type of prevention. Please note that this table includes
all possible case scenarios for prevention of all plasmodium species causing malaria in humans. For example,
prevention against P. knowlesi is included in type B. More information on malaria – including country
profiles,
19
threat maps,
20
and countries and territories certified malaria-free by WHO
21
– is available from the
WHO website.
22
Malaria risk and type of prevention
Malaria risk
Type of prevention
Type A
Very limited risk of malaria
transmission
Mosquito-bite prevention only
Type B
Risk of non-falciparum malaria
Mosquito-bite prevention plus chloroquine,
or doxycycline or atovaquone-proguanil or
mefloquine chemoprophylaxis (select
according to drug-resistance pattern, reported
side-effects and contraindications)
a
Type C
Risk of P. falciparum malaria
Mosquito-bite prevention plus atovaquone-
proguanil or doxycycline or mefloquine
chemoprophylaxis (select according to drug-
resistance pattern, reported side-effects and
contraindications)
a, b
18
For further information, see Chapter 7 on the WHO web page at: https://cdn.who.int/media/docs/default-source/travel-and-
health/9789241580472-eng-chapter-7.pdf?sfvrsn=8be7067_13 (accessed 3 November 2022).
19
Malaria country profiles, see: https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/themes/malaria (accessed 3 November 2022).
20
Malaria threats map, see: http://apps.who.int/malaria/maps/threats/ (accessed 3 November 2022).
21
Countries and territories certified malaria-free by WHO, see: https://www.who.int/teams/global-malaria-programme/elimination/countries-
and-territories-certified-malaria-free-by-who (accessed 3 November 2022).
22
WHO web page on malaria, see: https://www.who.int/health-topics/malaria#tab=tab_1 (accessed 3 November 2022).
5
a
Alternatively, for travel to rural areas with low risk of malaria infection, mosquito-bite prevention can be
combined with SBET.
b
In certain areas with multidrug-resistant malaria, mefloquine chemoprophylaxis is no longer recommended. At
present, these areas include Cambodia, south-eastern Myanmar and Thailand.
6
Country List
23
,
24
Country vaccination requirements and WHO recommendations for vaccination against yellow
fever, poliomielytis, and malaria prophylaxis in international travellers
AFGHANISTAN
Yellow fever
(2022)
Country requirement at entry:
no
WHO vaccination recommendation:
no
Malaria
(2022)
Malaria risk due to P. falciparum and P. vivax exists from May through November below 2000 m.
WHO recommended prevention in risk areas:
C
Other country requirement(s)
(2021)
Proof of polio, Haemophilus influenzae and Meningococcal meningitis vaccination is required for travellers
going to Hajj. For residents or travellers who stay in Afghanistan for more than 4 weeks, a proof of polio
vaccination may be required when departing from Afghanistan. This vaccination should be received between
4 weeks and 12 months before the date of departure.
ALBANIA
Yellow fever
(2021)
Country requirement at entry:
proof of vaccination against yellow fever is required for travellers aged 1
year or over arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission.
WHO vaccination recommendation:
no
ALGERIA
Yellow fever
(2021)
Country requirement at entry:
proof of vaccination against yellow fever is required for travellers aged 9
months or over arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission and for travellers having
transited for more than 12 hours through an airport of a country with risk of yellow fever transmission.
WHO vaccination recommendation:
no
Malaria (2020)
Country certified malaria-free by WHO in 2019.
25
AMERICAN SAMOA
see
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
ANDORRA
Yellow fever
(2021)
Country requirement at entry:
no
WHO vaccination recommendation:
no
ANGOLA
Yellow fever
(2015)
Country requirement at entry:
proof of vaccination against yellow fever is required for all travellers aged
9 months or over.
WHO vaccination recommendation:
yes
Malaria
(2018)
Malaria risk due predominantly to P. falciparum exists throughout the year in the entire country.
WHO recommended prevention:
C
23
In this publication, the terms “country” and “countries” refer to countries, territories and areas.
24
Territories and areas are indented and enumerated in alphabetical order under the name of sovereign State.
25
Countries and territories certified malaria-free by WHO available at: https://www.who.int/teams/global-malaria-
programme/elimination/countries-and-territories-certified-malaria-free-by-who (accessed 3 November 2022).
7
ANGUILLA
see
UNITED KINGDOM
ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA
Yellow fever
(2021)
Country requirement at entry:
proof of vaccination against yellow fever is required for travellers aged 1
year or over arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission, and for travellers having transited
for more than 12 hours through an airport of a country with risk of yellow fever transmission.
WHO vaccination recommendation:
no
ARGENTINA
Yellow fever
(2021)
Country requirement at entry:
no
WHO vaccination recommendation:
yes
Recommended for all travellers aged 9 months or over going to Corrientes and Misiones provinces.
Generally not recommended for travellers going to Formosa Province and designated areas of Chaco, Jujuy
and Salta provinces.
Not recommended for travellers whose itineraries are limited to areas and provinces not listed above.
Malaria (2021)
Country certified malaria-free by WHO in 2019.
26
ARMENIA
Yellow fever
(2021)
Country requirement at entry:
no
WHO vaccination recommendation:
no
ARUBA
Yellow fever
(2021)
Country requirement at entry:
proof of vaccination against yellow fever is required for travellers aged 9
months or over arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission and for travellers having
transited for more than 12 hours through an airport of a country with risk of yellow fever transmission. Entry
will be denied if a valid vaccination certificate cannot be provided.
WHO vaccination recommendation:
no
ASCENSION ISLAND
see
UNITED KINGDOM
AUSTRALIA
Yellow fever
(2021)
Country requirement at entry:
proof of vaccination against yellow fever is required for travellers aged 1
year or over arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission, and with the exception of
Galápagos Islands in Ecuador, and for travellers having transited for more than 12 hours through an airport of
a country with risk of yellow fever transmission and with the same exception as mentioned above.
WHO vaccination recommendation:
no
AUSTRIA
Yellow fever
(2021)
Country requirement at entry:
no
26
Countries and territories certified malaria-free by WHO available at: https://www.who.int/teams/global-malaria-
programme/elimination/countries-and-territories-certified-malaria-free-by-who (accessed 3 November 2022).
8
WHO vaccination recommendation:
no
AZERBAIJAN
Yellow fever
(2019)
Country requirement at entry:
no
.
WHO vaccination recommendation:
no
Malaria
(2019)
Malaria risk due exclusively to P. vivax exists from June through October in lowland areas, mainly in the area
between the Kura and Arax rivers. There is no malaria transmission in Baku city (the capital city). No locally
acquired cases have been reported since 2013.
WHO recommended prevention in risk areas:
A
AZORES
see
PORTUGAL
BAHAMAS (THE)
Yellow fever
(2022)
Country requirement at entry:
proof of vaccination against yellow fever is required for travellers aged 1
year or over, arriving from countries at risk for yellow fever transmission, and for travellers having transited
for more than 12 hours through an airport of countries at risk for yellow fever transmission.
WHO vaccination recommendation:
no
BAHRAIN
Yellow fever
(2022)
Country requirement at entry:
proof of vaccination against yellow fever is required for travellers aged 9
months or over arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission, and for travellers having
transited for more than 12 hours through an airport of a country with risk of yellow fever transmission.
WHO vaccination recommendation:
no
BANGLADESH
Yellow fever
(2022)
Country requirement at entry:
proof of vaccination against yellow fever is required for travellers aged 1
year or over arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission, and for travellers having transited
through an airport of a country with risk of yellow fever transmission.
WHO vaccination recommendation:
no
Malaria
(2022)
Malaria risk exists throughout the year with a peak during monsoon (May–October); transmission occurs only
in 13 of 64 districts (both in rural and urban areas). The risk is high in Chittagong Hill Tracts (Bandarban,
Rangamati, and Khagrachari), Chittogram, and Cox's Bazar districts. Low risk exists in the districts of
Hobigonj, Kurigram, Moulvibazar, Mymensingh, Netrakona, Sherpur, Sunamgonj, and Sylhet. Most parts of
the country, including Dhaka City, have no risk of malaria.
WHO recommended prevention in risk areas:
C
Other country requirement(s)
(2022)
Proof of vaccination against poliomielytis requiered for arriving travellers under 5 years of age.
Proof of vaccination against meningococcal meningitis and seasonal influenza required for departing travellers
in the context of Hajj.
BARBADOS
Yellow fever
(2020)
9
Country requirement at entry:
proof of vaccination against yellow fever is required for travellers aged 1
year or over arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission, and with the exception of Guyana
and Trinidad and Tobago unless an outbreak is occurring.
WHO vaccination recommendation:
no
BELARUS
Yellow fever
(2021)
Country requirement at entry:
no
WHO vaccination recommendation:
no
BELGIUM
Yellow fever
(2021)
Country requirement at entry:
no
WHO vaccination recommendation:
no
BELIZE
Yellow fever
(2022)
Country requirement at entry:
no
WHO vaccination recommendation:
no
Malaria
(2022)
Malaria risk due predominantly to P. vivax exists in some areas of Stan Creek and is negligible elsewhere.
WHO recommended prevention in risk areas:
A
BENIN
Yellow fever
(2020)
Country requirement at entry:
proof of vaccination against yellow fever is required for all travellers aged
9 months or over.
WHO vaccination recommendation:
yes
Malaria
(2020)
Malaria risk due predominantly to P. falciparum exists throughout the year in the entire country.
WHO recommended prevention:
C
BERMUDA
see
UNITED KINGDOM
BHUTAN
Yellow fever
(2022)
Country requirement at entry:
no
WHO vaccination recommendation:
no
Malaria
(2022)
malaria risk exists throughout the year in the southern belt of the country, which comprises seven districts:
Chukha, Dagana, Pemagatshel, Samdrup Jongkhar, Samtse, Sarpang and Zhemgang. No transmission occurs
in the four following districts: Bumthang, Gasa, Paro and Thimphu. Seasonal transmission during the rainy
summer months occurs in focal areas in the rest of the country.
WHO recommended prevention in risk areas and seasons:
C
BOLIVIA (PLURINATIONAL STATE OF)
Yellow fever
(2021)
Country requirement at entry:
proof of vaccination against yellow fever is required for travellers aged 1
year or over arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission.
WHO vaccination recommendation:
yes
10
Recommended for all travellers aged 9 months or over going to the following areas east of the Andes below
2300 m: the entire departments of Beni, Pando and Santa Cruz; and designated areas of the departments of
Chuquisaca, Cochabamba, La Paz and Tarija.
Not recommended for travellers whose itineraries are limited to areas above 2300 m and all areas not listed
above, including the cities of La Paz and Sucre.
Malaria
(2021)
Malaria risk due almost exclusively to P. vivax (99.9%) exists throughout the year in the entire country below
2500 m. The risk of malaria is highest in the northern departments of Beni and Pando,
especially in the
localities of Riberalta, Guayaramerín and Sena.
WHO recommended prevention in risk areas:
B
BONAIRE
Yellow fever
(2021)
Country requirement at entry:
proof of vaccination against yellow fever is required for travellers aged 9
months or over arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission and for travellers having
transited for more than 12 hours through an airport of a country with risk of yellow fever transmission.
WHO vaccination recommendation:
no
BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA
Yellow fever
(2021)
Country requirement at entry:
no
WHO vaccination recommendation:
no
BOTSWANA
Yellow fever
(2018)
Country requirement at entry:
proof of vaccination against yellow fever is required for travellers aged 1
year or over arriving from or having transited through a country with risk of yellow fever transmission.
WHO vaccination recommendation:
no
Malaria
(2018)
Malaria risk due predominantly to P. falciparum exists from November through May/June in the northern parts
of the country: Bobirwa, Boteti, Chobe, Ngamiland, Okavango and Tutume districts/subdistricts.
WHO recommended prevention in risk areas:
C
BRAZIL
Yellow fever
(2022)
Country requirement at entry:
no
WHO vaccination recommendation:
yes
Recommended for all travellers aged 9 months or over going to the states of Acre, Amapá, Amazonas, Distrito
Federal (including the capital Brasília), Espirito Santo, Goiás, Maranhão, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul,
Minas Gerais, Pará, Paraná, Piauí, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Sul, Rondônia, Roraima, Santa Catarina,
Sao Paulo, Tocantins; as well as to designated areas of Bahia State. Vaccination is also recommended for
travellers visiting Iguazu Falls.
Not recommended for travellers whose itineraries are limited to areas not listed above, including the cities of
Fortaleza and Recife.
Malaria
(2022)
According to 2021 data, malaria risk due to P. vivax (83%), P. falciparum and mixed infections (17%) exists
in most forested areas below 900 m within in eight states of the administrative region of Amazonas (Acre,
Amapá, Amazonas, Maranhão, Mato Grosso [northern part], Pará, Rondônia and Roraima). Transmission
intensity varies from one municipality to another and is higher in jungle-mining areas, in agricultural
settlements, in indigenous areas, and in some peripheral urban areas, including the large cities of Cruzeiro do
Sul, Manaus, Porto Velho, Boa Vista, Macapá, Maraba and Rio Branco. P. vivax and P. falciparum are co-
circulating in the above-mentioned areas. P. falciparum circulating in Brazil is resistant to chloroquine, hence
11
the use of this drug for chemoprophylactic purposes is not recommended. In the states outside the
administrative region of Amazonas, the risk of malaria transmission is negligible or non-existent, but there is
a residual risk of P. vivax transmission in Atlantic forest areas of the states of São Paulo, Minas Gerais, Rio
de Janeiro and Espirito Santo. Detailed information on the epidemiological situation of malaria in Brazil is
available at www.saude.gov.br/malaria.
WHO recommended prevention in risk areas:
C in areas where P. vivax and P. falciparum; A according to
the level of risk in the area visited.
BRITISH VIRGIN ISLANDS
see
UNITED KINGDOM
BRITISH INDIAN OCEAN TERRITORY
Yellow fever
(2017)
Country requirement at entry:
no
WHO vaccination recommendation:
no
BRUNEI DARUSSALAM
Yellow fever
(2019)
Country requirement at entry:
proof of vaccination against yellow fever is required for travellers aged 9
months or over arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission, and for travellers having
transited for more than 12 hours through an airport of a country with risk of yellow fever transmission.
WHO vaccination recommendation:
no
Malaria
(2019)
Human P. knowlesi infection has been reported.
WHO recommended prevention:
B
Other country requirement(s)
(2019)
Polio vaccination is required for travellers arriving from polio-affected countries (polio-exporting countries).
BULGARIA
Yellow fever
(2019)
Country requirement at entry:
no
WHO vaccination recommendation:
no
BURKINA FASO
Yellow fever
(2020)
Country requirement at entry
: proof of vaccination against yellow fever is required for all travellers aged 9
months or over.
HO vaccination recommendation:
yes
Malaria
(2020)
Malaria risk due predominantly to P. falciparum exists throughout the year in the entire country.
WHO recommended prevention:
C
BURUNDI
Yellow fever
(2021)
Country requirement at entry:
proof of vaccination against yellow fever is required for all travellers aged
9 months or over.
WHO vaccination recommendation:
yes
Malaria
(2020)
Malaria risk due predominantly to P. falciparum exists throughout the year in the entire country.
WHO recommended prevention:
C
12
CABO VERDE (THE REPUBLIC OF)
Yellow fever
(2020)
Country requirement at entry:
proof of vaccination against yellow fever is required for travellers aged 1
year or over arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission.
WHO vaccination recommendation:
no
Malaria
(2020)
Limited malaria risk due predominantly to P. falciparum exists from August through November in Santiago
Island and in Boa Vista Island.
WHO recommended prevention in risk areas:
A
CAMBODIA
Yellow fever
(2020)
Country requirement at entry:
proof of vaccination against yellow fever is required for travellers aged 1
year or over arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission, and for travellers having transited
for more than 12 hours through an airport of a country with risk of yellow fever transmission.
WHO vaccination recommendation:
no
Malaria
(2020)
Malaria risk due to P. falciparum and P. vivax exists throughout the year in forested rural areas. Phnom Penh
and areas close to Tonle Sap (Siem Reap) are not at risk. Risk within the tourist area surrounding Angkor
Wat is negligible. P. falciparum resistance to artesunate, mefloquine, lumefantrine, and piperaquine has been
reported in western Cambodia and extends to the centre of the country. P. vivax resistance to chloroquine has
been reported in eastern Cambodia.
WHO recommended prevention in risk areas:
C
CAMEROON
Yellow fever
(2020)
Country requirement at entry:
proof of vaccination against yellow fever is required for all travellers aged
1 year or over.
WHO vaccination recommendation:
yes
Malaria
(2020)
Malaria risk due predominantly to P. falciparum exists throughout the year in the entire country.
WHO recommended prevention:
C
CANADA
Yellow fever
(2021)
Country requirement at entry:
no
WHO vaccination recommendation:
no
CANARY ISLANDS
see
SPAIN
CAYMAN ISLANDS
see
UNITED KINGDOM
CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC
Yellow fever
(2020)
Country requirement at entry:
proof of vaccination against yellow fever is required for all travellers aged
9 months or over.
WHO vaccination recommendation:
yes
Malaria
(2020)
Malaria risk due predominantly to P. falciparum exists throughout the year in the entire country.
WHO recommended prevention:
C
13
CHAD
Yellow fever
(2021)
Country requirement at entry:
proof of vaccination against yellow fever is required for travellers aged 9
months or over arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission.
WHO vaccination recommendation:
yes
Recommended for all travellers aged 9 months or over going to areas south of the Sahara Desert.
Not recommended for travellers whose itineraries are limited to areas within the Sahara Desert.
Malaria
(2020)
Malaria risk due predominantly to P. falciparum exists throughout the year in the entire country.
WHO recommended prevention:
C
CHILE
Yellow fever
(2022)
Country requirement at entry:
no
WHO vaccination recommendation:
no
CHINA
Yellow fever
(2022)
Country requirement at entry:
proof of vaccination against yellow fever is required for travellers aged 9
months or over arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission, and for travellers having
transited for more than 12 hours through an airport of a country with risk of yellow fever transmission.
WHO vaccination recommendation:
no
Malaria
(2021)
Country certified malaria-free by WHO in 2021.
27
CHRISTMAS ISLAND
(Indian Ocean)
Yellow fever
(2019)
Same requirements as mainland Australia.
WHO vaccination recommendation:
no
COLOMBIA
Yellow fever
(2021)
Country requirement at entry:
proof of vaccination against yellow fever is required for travellers aged 1
year or over arriving from Angola, Brazil, Democratic Republic of the Congo, and Uganda and for travellers
having transited for more than 12 hours through an airport from the same countries.
WHO vaccination recommendation:
yes
Recommended for all travellers aged 9 months or over going to Colombia except for the areas described below.
Generally not recommended for travellers going to the cities of Barranquilla, Cali, Cartagena and Medellín.
Not recommended for travellers whose itineraries are limited to all areas above 2300 m, the department of San
Andrès y Providencia, and the capital city of Bogotá.
Malaria
(2020)
Malaria risk is high in some municipalities of the departments of Antioquia, Bolívar, Cauca, Chocó, Córdoba,
La Guajira, Nariño, and Risaralda. Lower level risk is also present in some municipalities of Amazonas,
Caqueta, Guaviare, Guainía, Meta, Norte de Santander, Putumayo, Vaupes, and Vichada.
WHO recommended prevention in risk areas:
C
27
Countries and territories certified malaria-free by WHO available at: https://www.who.int/teams/global-malaria-
programme/elimination/countries-and-territories-certified-malaria-free-by-who (accessed 3 November 2022).
14
COMOROS
Yellow fever
(2021)
Country requirement at entry:
no
WHO vaccination recommendation:
no
Malaria
(2018)
Malaria risk due predominantly to P. falciparum exists throughout the year in the entire country.
WHO recommended prevention:
C
CONGO
Yellow fever
(2018)
Country requirement at entry:
proof of vaccination against yellow fever is required for all travellers aged
9 months or over.
WHO vaccination recommendation:
yes
Malaria
(2018)
Malaria risk due predominantly to P. falciparum exists throughout the year in the entire country.
WHO recommended prevention:
C
COOK ISLANDS
Yellow fever
(2020)
Country requirement at entry:
no
WHO vaccination recommendation:
no
COSTA RICA
Yellow fever
(2022)
Country requirement at entry:
proof of vaccination against yellow fever is required for travellers aged 9
months or over arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission, with the addition of Tanzania
and Zambia in the African region; the exception of Argentina and Panama in the Americas; and the following
specifications for the following countries: Colombia (the entire country except Bogotá (the capital),
Barranquilla, Cali, Cartagena, Medellín, and San Andrés Providencia); Ecuador (applies only to Morona-
Santiago, Napo, Orellana, Pastaza, Sucumbíos, and Zamora-Chinchipe); Paraguay (the entire country except
Asunción (the capital)); Peru (the entire country except Lima (the capital), Cajamarca, Cuzco, Lambayeque,
Machu Picchu, Ruta de los Incas, Piura, Tumbes); Trinidad and Tobago (the entire country except the urban
areas of Port of Spain (the capital), and for travellers in transit or whose itineraries are limited to the island of
Tobago).
WHO vaccination recommendation:
no
Malaria
(2022)
Very low malaria risk was historically due almost exclusively to P. vivax. Negligible or no risk of malaria
transmission exists in the country.
WHO recommended prevention in risk areas:
A
CÔTE D’IVOIRE
Yellow fever
(2013)
Country requirement at entry:
proof of vaccination against yellow fever is required for all travellers aged 9
months or over.
WHO vaccination recommendation:
yes
Malaria
(2018)
Malaria risk due predominantly to P. falciparum exists throughout the year in the entire country.
WHO recommended prevention:
C
CROATIA
Yellow fever
(2021)
15
Country requirement at entry:
no
WHO vaccination recommendation:
no
CUBA
Yellow fever
(2022)
Country requirement at entry:
proof of vaccination against yellow fever is required for travellers aged 9
months or over, arriving from countries at risk for yellow fever transmission, and for travellers having transited
for more than 12 hours through an airport of countriesat risk for yellow fever transmission.
WHO vaccination recommendation:
no
CURAÇAO
Yellow fever
(2021)
Country requirement at entry:
proof of vaccination against yellow fever is required for travellers aged 9
months or over arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission and for travellers having
transited for more than 12 hours through an airport of a country with risk of yellow fever transmission.
WHO vaccination recommendation:
no
CYPRUS
Yellow fever
(2022)
Country requirement at entry:
no
WHO vaccination recommendation:
no
CZECHIA
Yellow fever
(2021)
Country requirement at entry:
no
WHO vaccination recommendation:
no
DEMOCRATIC PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF KOREA
Yellow fever
(prior to 2013)
Country requirement at entry:
proof of vaccination against yellow fever is required for travellers aged 1
year or over arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission.
WHO vaccination recommendation:
no
Malaria
(2020)
Limited malaria risk due exclusively to P. vivax exists in some southern areas.
WHO recommended prevention in risk areas:
A
DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO
Yellow fever
(2021)
Country requirement at entry:
proof of vaccination against yellow fever is required for all travellers aged
9 months or over.
WHO vaccination recommendation:
yes
Malaria
(2021)
Malaria risk due predominantly to P. falciparum exists throughout the year in the entire country.
WHO recommended prevention:
C
DENMARK
Yellow fever
(2022)
Country requirement at entry:
no
WHO vaccination recommendation:
no
16
DJIBOUTI
Yellow fever
(2022)
Country requirement at entry:
proof of vaccination against yellow fever is required for travellers aged 1
year or over arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission, and for travellers having transited
for more than 12 hours through an airport of a country with risk of yellow fever transmission.
WHO vaccination recommendation:
no
Malaria
(2022)
Malaria risk due predominantly to P. falciparum exists throughout the year in the entire country.
WHO recommended prevention:
C
Other country requirement(s)
(2022)
Proof of vaccination against meningococcal meningitis and yellow fever for departing travellers in the context
of Hajj. Administration of vaccines(s) against meningococcal meningitis, poliomielytis, and yellow fever, and
related proof of vaccination issued depending on requirements of countries of destination.
DOMINICA
Yellow fever
(2022)
Country requirement at entry:
proof of vaccination against yellow fever is required for travellers aged 1
year or over arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission, and for travellers having transited
for more than 12 hours through an airport of a country with risk of yellow fever transmission.
WHO vaccination recommendation:
no
DOMINICAN REPUBLIC
Yellow fever
(2022)
Country requirement at entry:
proof of vaccination against yellow fever is required for travellers aged 1
year or over arriving from the states of Mina Gerais, Espirito Santo, Sao Paulo and Rio de Janeiro in Brazil
and for travellers having transited for more than 12 hours through an airport of the same states in Brazil.
WHO vaccination recommendation:
no
Malaria
(2022)
Malaria risk due exclusively to P. falciparum exists throughout the year, especially in the provinces of Santo
Domingo and San Juan. Risk in other areas is low to negligible. No evidence of P. falciparum resistance to
any antimalarial drug has been reported.
WHO recommended prevention in risk areas:
C
ECUADOR
Yellow fever
(2022)
Country requirement at entry:
proof of vaccination against yellow fever is required for travellers aged 1
year or over, arriving from Brazil, Democratic Republic of the Congo and Uganda and for travellers having
transited for more than 12 hours through an airport of the same countries.
WHO vaccination recommendation:
yes
Recommended for all travellers aged 9 months or over going to the following provinces east of the Andes
below 2300 m: Morona-Santiago, Napo, Orellana, Pastaza, Sucumbios and Zamora-Chinchipe, and the
province west of the cordillera, Esmeraldas.
Generally not recommended for travellers whose itineraries are limited to the following provinces west of the
Andes including below 2300 m: Guayas, Los Rios, Santa Helena and Santo Domingo de los Tsachilas, and
designated areas of Azuay, Bolivar, Canar, Carchi, Chimborazo, Cotopaxi, El Oro, Imbabura, Loja, Pichincha
and Tungurahua.
Not recommended for travellers whose itineraries are limited to all areas above 2300 m, the cities of Guayaquil
and Quito, and the Galápagos Islands.
It should be noted that, although urban areas (cities) and the Galapagos Islands are not risk areas for yellow
fever, the jungle area of the Amazon Region of Ecuador – where the provinces of Orellana, Sucumbios,
Pastaza, Napo, Morona Santiago, Zamora Chinchipe and the coastal province of Esmeraldas are found and
17
where the vectors Haemagogus spp. and Sabethes spp. are transmitters of the disease – is considered risky and
endemic for the circulation of the virus.
Malaria
(2022)
Malaria risk due to P. vivax (67%) and P. falciparum (33%) exists throughout the year below 1500 m, with
moderate risk in coastal provinces. Risk is low in Quito and in provinces that are part of the Inter-Andean or
Sierra region. Risk of P. vivax malaria is present in some provinces of the country, predominantly in the
Amazon region, especially the provinces of Morona Santiago, Pastaza, Orellana and Sucumbíos. Risk of P.
falciparum malaria is present in some provinces of the country with predominance on the coast, especially the
province of Esmeraldas, as well as in the Amazon region, especially the provinces of Pastaza and Morano
Santiago.
WHO recommended prevention in risk areas:
C
EGYPT
Yellow fever
(2022)
Country requirement at entry:
proof of vaccination against yellow fever is required for travellers aged 9
months or over arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission, and for travellers having
transited for more than 12 hours through an airport of a country with risk of yellow fever transmission.
WHO vaccination recommendation:
no
Malaria
(2022)
Very limited malaria risk due to P. falciparum and P. vivax may exist from June through October in El Faiyûm
Governorate. No indigenous cases have been reported since 1998.
WHO recommended prevention:
none
Other country requirement(s)
(2020)
Polio vaccination is requested regardless of age and vaccination status; proof of receipt of a dose of oral polio
vaccine (bOPV) or inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) in the form of an international vaccination certificate,
as specified in Annex 6 of the IHR, issued within the previous 12 months and at least 4 weeks before departure
is required for travellers arriving from Afghanistan, Indonesia, Myanmar, Nigeria, Pakistan, Papua New
Guinea and Somalia to apply for an entry visa.
Proof of receipt of a dose of bOPV or IPV in the form of an
international vaccination certificate, as specified in Annex 6 of the IHR, issued within the previous 12 months
and at least 4 weeks before departure is required from all travellers arriving from Angola, Benin, Cameroon,
Central African Republic, China, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Mozambique,
Niger and Philippines.
EL SALVADOR
Yellow fever
(2022)
Country requirement at entry:
proof of vaccination against yellow fever is required for travellers aged 1
year or over arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission, and for travellers having transited
for more than 12 hours through an airport of a country with risk of yellow fever transmission.
WHO vaccination recommendation:
no
Malaria
(2022)
Very limited malaria risk due almost exclusively to P. vivax exists in rural areas prone to migration from Central
American countries. Sporadic P. vivax malaria cases are reported from specific parts of the country.
WHO recommended prevention in risk areas:
A
EQUATORIAL GUINEA
Yellow fever
(2019)
Country requirement at entry:
proof of vaccination against yellow fever is required for travellers aged 9
months or over arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission.
WHO vaccination recommendation:
yes
Malaria
(2019)
Malaria risk due predominantly to P. falciparum exists throughout the year in the entire country.
WHO recommended prevention:
C
18
ERITREA
Yellow fever
(2021)
Country requirement at entry:
proof of vaccination against yellow fever is required for travellers aged 9
months or over arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission.
WHO vaccination recommendation:
in general, no
Generally not recommended for travellers going to the following states: Anseba, Debub, Gash Barka, Mae
Kel and Semenawi Keih Bahri.
Not recommended for all other areas not listed above, including the islands of the Dahlak Archipelago.
Malaria
(2020)
Malaria risk due to P. falciparum (65%) and P. vivax (35%) exists throughout the year in the entire country
below 2200 m. There is no risk in Asmara.
WHO recommended prevention in risk areas:
C
ESTONIA
Yellow fever
(2021)
Country requirement at entry:
no
WHO vaccination recommendation:
no
ESWATINI (KINGDOM OF)
Yellow fever
(2018)
Country requirement at entry:
proof of vaccination against yellow fever is required for travellers aged 9
months or over arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission, and for travellers having
transited through an airport of a country with risk of yellow fever transmission.
WHO vaccination recommendation:
no
Malaria
(2018)
Malaria risk due predominantly to P. falciparum exists throughout the year in all low veld areas (mainly Big
Bend, Mhlume, Simunye and Tshaneni). Risk is highest from November through May.
WHO recommended prevention in risk areas:
C
ETHIOPIA
Yellow fever
(2021)
Country requirement at entry:
proof of vaccination against yellow fever is required for travellers aged 9
months or over arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission, and for travellers having
transited for more than 12 hours through an airport of a country with risk of yellow fever transmission.
WHO vaccination recommendation:
yes
Recommended for all travellers aged 9 months or over, except as mentioned below.
Generally not recommended for travellers whose itineraries are limited to Afar and Somali provinces.
Malaria
(2020)
Malaria risk due to approximately 60% P. falciparum and 40% P. vivax exists throughout the year in the entire
country below 2000 m. P. vivax resistance to chloroquine reported. There is no malaria risk in Addis Ababa.
WHO recommended prevention in risk areas:
C
FALKLAND ISLANDS (MALVINAS)
see
UNITED KINGDOM
FAROE ISLANDS
Yellow fever
(2013)
Country requirement at entry:
no
WHO vaccination recommendation:
no
19
FIJI
Yellow fever
(2016)
Country requirement at entry:
proof of vaccination against yellow fever is required for travellers aged 1
year or over arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission, and for travellers having transited
for more than 12 hours through an airport of a country with risk of yellow fever transmission.
WHO vaccination recommendation:
no
FINLAND
Yellow fever
(2020)
Country requirement at entry:
no
WHO vaccination recommendation:
no
FRANCE
Yellow fever
(2022)
Country requirement at entry:
no
WHO vaccination recommendation:
no
FRENCH GUIANA
Yellow fever
(2022)
Country requirement at entry:
proof of vaccination against yellow fever is required for all travellers aged 1
year or over.
WHO vaccination recommendation:
yes
Malaria
(2022)
Malaria risk due to P. falciparum (~15%) and P. vivax (~85%) is high throughout the year in 9 municipalities
of the territory bordering Brazil (Oiapoque river valley) and Suriname (Maroni river valley). In the other 13
municipalities, transmission risk is low or negligible. Multidrug-resistant P. falciparum has been reported in
areas influenced by Brazilian migration.
WHO recommended prevention in risk areas:
C
FRENCH POLYNESIA
Yellow fever
(2013)
Country requirement at entry:
proof of vaccination against yellow fever is required for travellers aged 1
year or over arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission, and for travellers having transited
for more than 12 hours through an airport of a country with risk of yellow fever transmission.
WHO vaccination recommendation:
no
GABON
Yellow fever
(2021)
Country requirement at entry:
proof of vaccination against yellow fever is required for all travellers aged
9 months or over.
WHO vaccination recommendation:
yes
Malaria
(2021)
Malaria risk due predominantly to P. falciparum exists throughout the year in the entire country.
WHO recommended prevention:
C
GALAPAGOS ISLANDS
see
ECUADOR
GAMBIA
Yellow fever
(2020)
20
Country requirement at entry:
proof of vaccination against yellow fever is required for travellers aged 9
months or over arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission, and for travellers having
transited for more than 12 hours through an airport of a country with risk of yellow fever transmission.
WHO vaccination recommendation:
yes
Malaria
(2020)
Malaria risk due predominantly to P. falciparum exists throughout the year in the entire country.
WHO recommended prevention:
C
GEORGIA
Yellow fever
(2022)
Country requirement at entry:
no
WHO vaccination recommendation:
no
Malaria
(2022)
Limited malaria risk due exclusively to P. vivax may exist locally from June through October in the eastern
part of the country bordering Azerbaijan. No locally-acquired cases have been reported since 2010.
WHO recommended prevention in risk areas:
A
Other country requirement(s)
(2022)
Proof of vaccination against poliomielytis required for travellers arriving from countries and territories with
risk of poliovirus transmission. Travellers who are not vaccinated or are unable to present the vaccination
certificate are offered oral polio vaccine at the border.
GERMANY
Yellow fever
(2022)
Country requirement at entry:
no
WHO vaccination recommendation:
no
GHANA
Yellow fever
(2019)
Country requirement at entry:
proof of vaccination against yellow fever is required for all travellers aged
9 months or over.
WHO vaccination recommendation:
yes
Malaria
(2019)
Malaria risk due predominantly to P. falciparum exists throughout the year in the entire country.
WHO recommended prevention:
C
GIBRALTAR
see
UNITED KINGDOM
GREECE
Yellow fever
(2021)
Country requirement at entry:
no
WHO vaccination recommendation:
no
Malaria
(2017)
Very limited malaria risk (P. vivax only) may exist from May through October in certain high-risk agricultural
areas.
WHO recommended prevention in high-risk agricultural areas:
A
GREENLAND
Yellow fever
(2013)
Country requirement at entry:
no
WHO vaccination recommendation:
no
21
GRENADA
Yellow fever
(2021)
Country requirement at entry:
proof of vaccination against yellow fever is required for travellers aged 1
year or over arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission, and for travellers having transited
for more than 12 hours through an airport of a country with risk of yellow fever transmission.
WHO vaccination recommendation:
no
GUADELOUPE
Yellow fever
(2022)
Country requirement at entry:
proof of vaccination against yellow fever is required for travellers aged 1
year or over arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission, and for travellers having transited
for more than 12 hours through an airport of a country with risk of yellow fever transmission.
WHO vaccination recommendation:
no
GUAM
see
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
GUATEMALA
Yellow fever
(2021)
Country requirement at entry:
proof of vaccination against yellow fever is required for travellers aged 1
year or over arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission, and for travellers having transited
for more than 12 hours through an airport of a country with risk of yellow fever transmission.
WHO vaccination recommendation:
no
Malaria
(2021)
Malaria risk due almost exclusively to P. vivax (99.9%) exists throughout the year below 1500 m.
Malaria risk is highest in the departments of Escuintla (especially in the municipalities of Gomera, Masagua,
Santa Lucia Cotzumalguapa and Tiquisate) and Alta Verapaz (in the municipalities of Telemán, Panzós and
La Tinta).
Malaria risk is moderate in the departments of Suchitepéquez, Retalhuleu and Izabal.
Malaria risk is low in the rest of the departments (Chiquimula, Zacapa, Baja Verapaz, San Marcos, Peten,
Jutiapa, Jalapa, El Progreso, Santa Rosa, Guatemala, Chimaltenango, Huehuetenango and Quiche).
WHO recommended prevention in risk areas:
B
GUINEA
Yellow fever
(2019)
Country requirement at entry:
proof of vaccination against yellow fever is required for travellers aged 9
months or over arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission.
WHO vaccination recommendation:
yes
Malaria
(unknown)
Malaria risk due predominantly to P. falciparum exists throughout the year in the entire country.
WHO recommended prevention:
C
GUINEA-BISSAU
Yellow fever
(2019)
Country requirement at entry:
proof of vaccination against yellow fever is required for all travellers aged
1 year or over.
WHO vaccination recommendation:
yes
Malaria
(2019)
Malaria risk due predominantly to P. falciparum exists throughout the year in the entire country.
WHO recommended prevention:
C
22
GUYANA
Yellow fever
(2021)
Country requirement at entry:
proof of vaccination against yellow fever is required for travellers aged 1 year
and over arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission, and for travellers having transited for
more than 4 hours through an airport of a country with risk of yellow fever transmission.
WHO vaccination recommendation:
yes
Malaria
(2020)
Malaria risk due to P. vivax (32%), P. falciparum (34%) and mixed infections (9%) is high throughout the
year in all parts of the interior. Risk is highest in regions 1, 7, 8 and parts of 9, and very low in regions 2, 3,
10 and parts of 6 with no risk in regions 4 and 5.
WHO recommended prevention in risk areas:
C
HAITI
Yellow fever
(2022)
Country requirement at entry:
proof of vaccination against yellow fever is required for travellers aged 1
year or over, arriving from countries at risk for yellow fever transmission.
WHO vaccination recommendation:
no
Malaria
(2022)
Malaria risk due exclusively to P. falciparum exists throughout the year in the entire country, but especially
in the southern departments such as Grand'Anse, Nippes, and Sud-Est . No chloroquine-resistant P. falciparum
has been reported.
WHO recommended prevention:
C
HONDURAS
Yellow fever
(2022)
Country requirement at entry:
proof of vaccination against yellow fever is required for travellers aged
between 1 and 60 years arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission, and for travellers
having transited for more than 12 hours through an airport of a country with risk of yellow fever transmission.
WHO vaccination recommendation:
no
Malaria
(2022)
Malaria risk due to P. vivax (79%), P. falciparum (20%) and mixed infections (~0.8%) exists. P. vivax
transmission risk is high in the departments of Colon and Gracias a Dios and moderate in Atlántida, El Paraiso,
Olancho and Yoro. P. falciparum transmission risk is high in Colon and Gracias a Dios. No chloroquine-
resistant P. falciparum has been reported.
WHO recommended prevention in risk areas:
B in P. vivax and mixed-risk areas; C in P. falciparum risk
areas.
HUNGARY
Yellow fever
(2022)
Country requirement at entry:
no
WHO vaccination recommendation:
no
ICELAND
Yellow fever
(2021)
Country requirement at entry:
no
WHO vaccination recommendation:
no
INDIA
Yellow fever
(2019)
23
Country requirement at entry:
anyone (except infants up to the age of 9 months) arriving by air or sea
without proof of vaccination against yellow fever is detained in isolation for up to 6 days if that person (i)
arrives within 6 days of departure from an area with risk of yellow fever transmission, or (ii) has been in such
an area in transit (except those passengers and members of the crew who, while in transit through an airport
situated in an area with risk of yellow fever transmission, remained within the airport premises during the
period of their entire stay and the Health Officer agrees to such exemption), or (iii) arrives on a ship that
started from or touched at any port in an area with risk of yellow fever transmission up to 30 days before its
arrival in India, unless such a ship has been disinsected in accordance with the procedure laid down by WHO,
or (iv) arrives on an aircraft that has been in an area with risk of yellow fever transmission and has not been
disinsected in accordance with the Indian Aircraft Public Health Rules, 1954, or as recommended by WHO.
Countries and areas regarded as having risk of yellow fever transmission are, in Africa: Angola, Benin,
Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Congo, Côte dʼIvoire, Democratic
Republic of the Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya,
Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Sudan, Sudan, Togo and
Uganda; and in the Americas: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana,
Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago (Trinidad only) and Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic
of). Note: When a case of yellow fever is reported from any country, that country is regarded by the
Government of India as a country with risk of yellow fever transmission and is added to the above list.
WHO vaccination recommendation:
no
Malaria
(2019)
Malaria risk due to P. falciparum and P. vivax exists throughout the year in the entire country below 2000 m.
The majority of malaria in India is reported from the eastern and central parts of the country and from states
which have large forest, hilly and tribal areas. These states include
Odisha, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Madhya
Pradesh, Maharashtra and some north-eastern states such as Tripura, Meghalaya and Mizoram. There is no
transmission in parts of the states of Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, and Sikkim.
WHO recommended prevention in risk areas:
C
Other country requirement(s)
(2018)
Proof of oral polio vaccination at least 4 weeks before departure for resident national travellers from polio-
endemic countries (Afghanistan, Nigeria, Pakistan) and countries with poliovirus circulation following
importation (Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia, Syrian Arab Republic) is required.
INDONESIA
Yellow fever
(2022)
Country requirement at entry:
proof of vaccination against yellow fever is required for travellers aged 9
months or over arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission.
WHO vaccination recommendation:
no
Malaria
(2022)
Malaria risk exists throughout the year in most areas of the five eastern provinces of East Nusa Tenggara,
Maluku, North Maluku, Papua, and West Papua. In other parts of the country, there is malaria risk in some
districts, except in Jakarta municipality, in cities and urban areas, and in the areas of the main tourist resorts.
P. vivax resistance to chloroquine has been reported. Human P. knowlesi infection has been reported in the
province of Kalimantan.
WHO recommended prevention in risk areas:
C
Other country requirement(s)
(2022)
Proof of vaccination against meningococcal meningitis for departing travellers to Saudi Arabia and Meningitis
Belt areas. Proof of vaccination against poliomyelitis for departing travellers to endemic countries.
IRAN (ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF)
Yellow fever
(2022)
Country requirement at entry:
proof of vaccination against yellow fever is required for travellers aged 9
months or over arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission, and for travellers having
transited for more than 12 hours through an airport of a country with risk of yellow fever transmission.
WHO vaccination recommendation:
no
24
Malaria
(2022)
Malaria risk due to P. vivax and very limited risk due to P. falciparum exist from March through November
in rural areas of the provinces of Hormozgan and Kerman (tropical part) and the southern part of Sistan and
Baluchestan.
WHO recommended prevention in risk areas:
C
Other country requirement(s)
(2022)
Proof of polio vaccination between 4 weeks and 12 months prior to arrival to Iran is required for all travellers
of all ages arriving from a polio-endemic country (Afghanistan, Nigeria, Pakistan). If such a certificate cannot
be presented, travellers will receive a dose of polio vaccine at entry
IRAQ
Yellow fever
(2022)
Country requirement at entry:
no
WHO vaccination recommendation:
no
Malaria
(2022)
No indigenous cases have been reported since 2009, and only imported cases have been registered since then.
WHO recommended prevention in risk areas:
none
IRELAND
Yellow fever
(2021)
Country requirement at entry:
no
WHO vaccination recommendation:
no
ISRAEL
Yellow fever
(2019)
Country requirement at entry:
no
WHO vaccination recommendation:
no
ITALY
Yellow fever
(2022)
Country requirement at entry:
no
WHO vaccination recommendation:
no
JAMAICA
Yellow fever
(2022)
Country requirement at entry:
proof of vaccination against yellow fever is required for travellers aged 1
year or over, arriving from countries at risk for yellow fever transmission, and for travellers having transited
for more than 12 hours through an airport of countries at risk for yellow fever transmission.
WHO vaccination recommendation:
no
JAPAN
Yellow fever
(2021)
Country requirement at entry:
no
WHO vaccination recommendation:
no
JORDAN
Yellow fever
(2022)
Country requirement at entry:
no
WHO vaccination recommendation:
no
Other country requirement(s) (excluding COVID-19 related) (2022):
25
Proof of vaccination against meningococcal meningitis and seasonal influenza required for departing travellers
in the context of Hajj.
KAZAKHSTAN
Yellow fever
(2020)
Country requirement at entry:
proof of vaccination against yellow fever is required for travellers arriving
from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission, and for travellers having transited through an airport of
a country with risk of yellow fever transmission.
WHO vaccination recommendation:
no
KENYA
Yellow fever
(prior to 2013)
Country requirement at entry:
proof of vaccination against yellow fever is required for travellers aged 1
year or over arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission.
WHO vaccination recommendation:
yes
Recommended for all travellers aged 9 months or over, except as mentioned below.
Generally not recommended for travellers whose itineraries are limited to the following areas: the entire North
Eastern Province; the states of Kilifi, Kwale, Lamu, Malindi and Tanariver in Coastal Province; and the cities
of Nairobi and Mombasa.
Malaria
(prior to 2018)
Malaria risk due predominantly to P. falciparum exists throughout the year in the entire country. Normally,
there is little risk in the city of Nairobi and in the highlands (above 2500 m) of Central, Eastern, Nyanza, Rift
Valley and Western provinces.
WHO recommended prevention:
C
KIRIBATI
Yellow fever
(2019)
Country requirement at entry:
no
WHO vaccination recommendation:
no
KOREA (REPUBLIC OF)
Yellow fever
(2019)
Country requirement at entry:
no
WHO vaccination recommendation:
no
Malaria
(2019)
Limited malaria risk due exclusively to P. vivax exists mainly in the northern areas of Gangwon-do and
Gyeonggi-do provinces and in Incheon City (towards the demilitarized zone or DMZ).
WHO recommended prevention in risk areas:
A
KOREA, DEMOCRATIC PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF,
see
DEMOCRATIC PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC
OF KOREA
KUWAIT
Yellow fever
(2022)
Country requirement at entry:
no
WHO vaccination recommendation:
no
KYRGYZSTAN
Yellow fever
(2021)
Country requirement at entry:
no
26
WHO vaccination recommendation:
no
LAO PEOPLE’S DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC
Yellow fever
(2020)
Country requirement at entry:
no
WHO vaccination recommendation:
no
Malaria
(2020)
Malaria risk due predominantly to P. falciparum exists throughout the year in the entire country except in
Vientiane.
WHO recommended prevention in risk areas:
C
LATVIA
Yellow fever
(2021)
Country requirement at entry:
no
WHO vaccination recommendation:
no
LEBANON
Yellow fever
(2022)
Country requirement at entry:
no
WHO vaccination recommendation:
no
LESOTHO
Yellow fever
(2020)
Country requirement at entry:
no
WHO vaccination recommendation:
no
LIBERIA
Yellow fever
(2018)
Country requirement at entry:
proof of vaccination against yellow fever is required for travellers aged 9
months or over arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission.
WHO vaccination recommendation:
yes
Malaria
(2018)
Malaria risk due predominantly to P. falciparum exists throughout the year in the entire country.
WHO recommended prevention:
C
LIBYA
Yellow fever
(2022)
Country requirement at entry:
no
WHO vaccination recommendation:
no
Other country requirement(s)
(2022)
Proof of vaccination against meningococcal meningitis and seasonal influenza required for departing travellers
in the context of Hajj.
LIECHTENSTEIN
Yellow fever
(2022)
Country requirement at entry:
no
WHO vaccination recommendation:
no
LITHUANIA
27
Yellow fever
(2022)
Country requirement at entry:
no
WHO vaccination recommendation:
no
LUXEMBOURG
Yellow fever
(2020)
Country requirement at entry:
no
WHO vaccination recommendation:
no
MADAGASCAR
Yellow fever
(2020)
Country requirement at entry:
proof of vaccination against yellow fever is required for travellers aged 9
months or over arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission, and for travellers having
transited for more than 12 hours through an airport of a country with risk of yellow fever transmission.
WHO vaccination recommendation:
no
Malaria
(2020)
Malaria risk due predominantly to P. falciparum exists throughout the year in the entire country, with the
highest risk in coastal areas.
WHO recommended prevention:
C
MADEIRA ISLANDS
see
PORTUGAL
MALAWI
Yellow fever
(2021)
Country requirement at entry:
proof of vaccination against yellow fever is required for travellers aged 1
year or over arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission, and for travellers having transited
for more than 12 hours through an airport of a country with risk of yellow fever transmission.
WHO vaccination recommendation:
no
Malaria
(2018)
Malaria risk due predominantly to P. falciparum exists throughout the year in the entire country.
WHO recommended prevention:
C
MALAYSIA
Yellow fever
(2022)
Country requirement at entry:
proof of vaccination against yellow fever is required for travellers aged 1
year or over arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission, and for travellers having transited
for more than 12 hours through an airport of a country with risk of yellow fever transmission.
WHO vaccination recommendation:
no
Malaria
(2022)
Malaria risk exists only in limited foci in the deep hinterland of the states of Sabah and Sarawak and the central
areas of Peninsular Malaysia. In 2021, no indigenous P. falciparum cases were reported and 23 imported P.
falciparum cases were registered. Human P. knowlesi infection has been reported. Urban, suburban and coastal
areas are free from malaria.
WHO recommended prevention in risk areas:
B
MALDIVES
Yellow fever
(2021)
Country requirement at entry:
proof of vaccination against yellow fever is required for travellers aged 9
months or over arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission, and for travellers having
transited for more than 12 hours through an airport of a country with risk of yellow fever transmission.
28
WHO vaccination recommendation:
no
Other country requirement(s) (2016)
Proof of polio vaccination is required for persons travelling to and from countries exporting poliovirus as well
as for Hajj and Umrah pilgrims.
MALI
Yellow fever
(2020)
Country requirement at entry:
proof of vaccination against yellow fever is required for all travellers aged
9 months or over.
WHO vaccination recommendation:
yes
Recommended for all travellers aged 9 months or over going to areas south of the Sahara Desert.
Not recommended for travellers whose itineraries are limited to areas within the Sahara Desert.
Malaria
(2020)
Malaria risk due predominantly to P. falciparum exists throughout the year in the entire country.
WHO recommended prevention:
C
MALTA
Yellow fever
(2022)
Country requirement at entry:
proof of vaccination against yellow fever is required for travellers aged 9
months or over, arriving from countries at risk for yellow fever transmission, and for travellers having transited
for more than 12 hours through an airport of countries at risk for yellow fever transmission.
WHO vaccination recommendation:
no
MARSHALL ISLANDS
Yellow fever
(prior to 2013)
Country requirement at entry:
no
WHO vaccination recommendation:
no
MARTINIQUE
Yellow fever
(2022)
Country requirement at entry:
proof of vaccination against yellow fever is required for travellers aged 1
year or over, arriving from countries at risk for yellow fever transmission, and for travellers having transited
for more than 12 hours through an airport of countries at risk for yellow fever transmission.
WHO vaccination recommendation:
no
MAURITANIA
Yellow fever
(2013)
Country requirement at entry:
proof of vaccination against yellow fever is required for travellers aged 1
year or over arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission.
WHO vaccination recommendation:
yes
Recommended for all travellers aged 9 months or over going to areas south of the Sahara Desert.
Not recommended for travellers whose itineraries are limited to areas within the Sahara Desert.
Malaria
(2018)
Malaria risk due predominantly to P. falciparum exists throughout the year in the entire country except in
northern areas (Dakhlet-Nouadhibou and Tiris-Zemour). In Adrar and Inchiri there is malaria risk during the
rainy season (from July through October).
WHO recommended prevention in risk areas:
C
MAURITIUS
Yellow fever
(2020)
29
Country requirement at entry:
no
WHO vaccination recommendation:
no
MAYOTTE
Yellow fever
(2022)
Country requirement at entry:
proof of vaccination against yellow fever is required for travellers aged 1
year or over, arriving from countries at risk for yellow fever transmission, and for travellers having transited
for more than 12 hours through an airport of countries at risk for yellow fever transmission.
WHO vaccination recommendation:
no
Malaria
(2022)
Significant reduction in malaria burden with the island transitioning into an elimination phase. Low malaria
risk due predominantly to P. falciparum exists throughout the year, with only sporadic cases registered in
2021.
WHO recommended prevention:
A
MEXICO
Yellow fever
(2022)
Country requirement at entry:
no
WHO vaccination recommendation:
no
Malaria
(2022)
Malaria risk due almost exclusively to P. vivax exists intermittently throughout the year in some rural areas
that are not often visited by tourists. These areas are located in the states of Campeche, Chiapas, Chihuahua
and Sinaloa.
WHO recommended prevention in risk areas:
A
MICRONESIA (FEDERATED STATES OF)
Yellow fever
(prior to 2013)
Country requirement at entry:
no
WHO vaccination recommendation:
no
MOLDOVA (REPUBLIC OF)
Yellow fever
(2021)
Country requirement at entry:
no
WHO vaccination recommendation:
no
MONACO
Yellow fever
(2022)
Country requirement at entry:
no
WHO vaccination recommendation:
no
MONGOLIA
Yellow fever
(2021)
Country requirement at entry:
no
WHO vaccination recommendation:
no
MONTENEGRO
Yellow fever
(2022)
Country requirement at entry:
no
WHO vaccination recommendation:
no
30
MONTSERRAT
Yellow fever
(2017)
Country requirement at entry:
proof of vaccination against yellow fever is required for travellers aged 1
year or over arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission and for travellers having transited
through an airport of a country with risk of yellow fever transmission.
WHO vaccination recommendation:
no
MOROCCO
Yellow fever
(2022)
Country requirement at entry:
no
WHO vaccination recommendation:
no
Other country requirement(s)
(2022)
Proof of vaccination against poliomyelitis, documented in the International Certificate of Vaccination or
Prophylaxis and certifying the administration of one dose of vaccine within the previous 12 months and at
least 4 weeks prior to departure, for all travellers arriving from poliomyelitis-affected countries.
MOZAMBIQUE
Yellow fever
(2021)
Country requirement at entry:
proof of vaccination against yellow fever is required for travellers aged 1
year or over arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission, and for travellers having transited
for more than 12 hours through an airport of a country with risk of yellow fever transmission.
WHO vaccination recommendation:
no
Malaria
(2020)
Malaria risk due predominantly to P. falciparum exists throughout the year in the entire country.
WHO recommended prevention:
C
MYANMAR
Yellow fever
(2019)
Country requirement at entry:
proof of vaccination against yellow fever is required for travellers aged 1
year or over arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission, and for travellers having transited
for more than 12 hours through an airport of a country with risk of yellow fever transmission.
WHO vaccination recommendation:
no
Malaria
(2019)
Malaria risk due predominantly to P. falciparum exists throughout the year in remote rural, hilly and forested
areas of the country, as well as in some coastal areas in Rahkine State. There is no transmission in cities and
urban areas. The central plains and the dry zone are generally free of malaria, but some pockets of transmission
still exist. Mefloquine resistance has been reported in Kayin State and the eastern part of Shan State. Emerging
artemisinin resistance is suspected in south-eastern Myanmar. P. vivax resistance to chloroquine has been
reported. Human P. knowlesi infection has been reported.
WHO recommended prevention in risk areas:
C
NAMIBIA
Yellow fever
(2021)
Country requirement at entry:
proof of vaccination against yellow fever is required for travellers aged 9
months or over arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission, and for travellers having
transited for more than 12 hours through an airport of a country with risk of yellow fever transmission.
WHO vaccination recommendation:
no
Malaria
(2018)
Malaria risk due to P. falciparum exists from November through June in the following regions: Ohangwena,
Omaheke, Omusati, Oshana, Oshikoto and Otjozondjupa. Risk exists throughout the year along the Kunene
31
river in Kunene Region, the Zambezi river in Zambezi Region, and the Okavango river in Kavango regions
(West and East).
WHO recommended prevention in risk areas:
C
NAURU
Yellow fever
(2021)
Country requirement at entry:
no
WHO vaccination recommendation:
no
NEPAL
Yellow fever
(2022)
Country requirement at entry:
proof of vaccination against yellow fever is required for travellers aged 9
months or over arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission, and for travellers having
transited for more than 12 hours through an airport of a country with risk of yellow fever transmission.
WHO vaccination recommendation:
no
Malaria
(2022)
Malaria infection is present in the far-western region of the country and inner Terai (plain land) – along the
forests, foothills, forest fringes and in upper hilly river valleys. Malaria transmission is mostly seasonal
(March–October), with peak months during the rainy season (May–August). The risk is due predominantly to
P. vivax. A drastic decrease of malaria cases was observed during the last 3 years and the goal is elimination
of malaria by 2025.
WHO recommended prevention in risk areas:
A
Other country requirement(s)
(2022)
Proof of vaccination against poliomyelitis, documented in the International Certificate of Vaccination or
Prophylaxis, for all travellers arriving from from the following countries. Countries with risk of Polio
transmission: Afghanistan, Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Central African Republic (CAR), Chad, Republic
of Congo, Democratic Republic of Congo, Côte d’Ivoire, Egypt, Ethiopia, Gambia, Guinea, Guinea Bissau,
Iran (Islamic Republic of), Kenya, Liberia, Madagascar, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, Pakistan, Senegal,
Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Sudan, Sudan, Tajikistan, Uganda, Ukraine, Yemen. All residents and long-term
visitors (i.e. > four weeks) of all ages should have received the polio vaccine between four weeks and 12
months prior to travel and those undertaking urgent travel (i.e. within four weeks) should have received a dose
of polio vaccine at least by the time of departure.
NETHERLANDS (THE)
Yellow fever
(2021)
Country requirement at entry:
no
WHO vaccination recommendation:
no
NEW CALEDONIA
Yellow fever
(2013)
Country requirement at entry:
proof of vaccination against yellow fever is required for travellers aged 1
year or over arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission and for travellers having transited
for more than 12 hours through an airport of a country with risk of yellow fever transmission.
Note. In the event of an epidemic threat to the territory, a specific vaccination certificate may be required.
WHO vaccination recommendation:
no
NEW ZEALAND
Yellow fever
(2021)
Country requirement at entry:
no
WHO vaccination recommendation:
no
32
NICARAGUA
Yellow fever
(2021)
Country requirement at entry:
proof of vaccination against yellow fever is required for travellers aged 1
year or over arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission.
WHO vaccination recommendation:
no
Malaria
(2018)
Malaria risk due to P. vivax (79.2%) and P. falciparum (20.8%) exists throughout the year in a number of
municipalities, mainly in Región Autónoma del Atlántico Norte, with sporadic transmission also reported in
Boaca, Chinandega, Jinoteca, Léon and Matagalpa. Cases are reported from other municipalities in the central
and western departments but the risk in these areas is considered to be very low or negligible. Risk due to P.
falciparum is high mainly in Región Autónoma del Atlántico Norte, specifically in the municipalities of
Rosita, Siuna, Bonanza, Puerto Cabezas and Waspán. No chloroquine-resistant P. falciparum reported.
WHO recommended prevention in risk areas:
B in P. vivax risk areas; C in P. falciparum risk areas
NIGER
Yellow fever
(2020)
Country requirement at entry:
proof of vaccination against yellow fever is required for all travellers aged
9 months or over.
WHO vaccination recommendation:
yes
Recommended for all travellers aged 9 months or over going to areas south of the Sahara Desert.
Not recommended for travellers whose itineraries are limited to areas within the Sahara Desert.
Malaria
(2020)
Malaria risk due predominantly to P. falciparum exists throughout the year in the entire country.
WHO recommended prevention:
C
Other country requirement(s)
(2020)
Proof of meningococcal (groups A, C, Y and W-135) meningitis vaccination is required for travellers going
to Hajj and Umrah.
NIGERIA
Yellow fever
(2021)
Country requirement at entry:
proof of vaccination against yellow fever is required for travellers aged 9
months or over arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission, and for travellers having
transited through an airport of a country with risk of yellow fever transmission.
WHO vaccination recommendation:
yes
Malaria
(2020)
Malaria risk due predominantly to P. falciparum exists throughout the year in the entire country.
WHO recommended prevention:
C
NIUE
Yellow fever
(2019)
Country requirement at entry:
proof of vaccination against yellow fever is required for travellers aged 9
months or over arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission.
WHO vaccination recommendation:
no
NORFOLK ISLAND
see
AUSTRALIA
NORTHERN MARIANA ISLANDS
see
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
NORTH MACEDONIA (REPUBLIC OF)
Yellow fever
(2019)
33
Country requirement at entry:
no
WHO vaccination recommendation:
no
NORWAY
Yellow fever
(2022)
Country requirement at entry:
no
WHO vaccination recommendation:
no
OMAN
Yellow fever
(2022)
Country requirement at entry:
proof of vaccination against yellow fever is required for travellers aged 9
months or over arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission, with the addition of Rwanda
and Tanzania in the African region; and for travellers having transited for more than 12 hours through an
airport of a country with risk of yellow fever transmission.
WHO vaccination recommendation:
no
Malaria
(2022)
Sporadic transmission of P. falciparum and P. vivax may occur subsequent to international importations of
parasites. In 2010, local outbreaks of P. falciparum and P. vivax were reported in Ash Sharqiyah North
Governorate. Local cases were also reported in 2011 and 2012.
WHO recommended prevention:
none
PAKISTAN
Yellow fever
(2022)
Country requirement at entry:
proof of vaccination against yellow fever is required for travellers aged 1
year or over arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission, and for travellers having transited
for more than 12 hours through an airport of a country with risk of yellow fever transmission.
WHO vaccination recommendation:
no
Malaria
(2022)
Malaria risk due to P. vivax and P. falciparum exists throughout the year in the entire country below 2000 m,
especially in rural areas from July through December.
WHO recommended prevention in risk areas:
C
Other country requirement(s)
(2022)
Application of requirements according to relevant Temporary Recommendations, issued in the context of the
Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) related to the international spread of poliovirus,
avaible through: https://www.who.int/groups/poliovirus-ihr-emergency-committee.
PALAU
Yellow fever
(prior to 2013)
Country requirement at entry:
no
WHO vaccination recommendation:
no
PANAMA
Yellow fever
(2022)
Country requirement at entry:
proof of vaccination against yellow fever is required for travellers aged 1
year or over arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission.
WHO vaccination recommendation:
yes
Recommended for all travellers aged 9 months or over going to mainland areas east of the area surrounding
the Canal (the entire comarcas of Emberá and Kuna Yala, the province of Darién, and areas of the provinces
of Colón and Panama that are east of the Canal).
Not recommended for travellers whose itineraries are limited to areas west of the Canal, the city of Panama,
the Canal area itself, Balboa Islands (Pearl Islands) and San Blas Islands.
34
Malaria
(2022)
Malaria risk due predominantly to P. vivax (97%) exists throughout the year in the following provinces and
comarcas along the Atlantic coast and the borders with Costa Rica and Colombia: Bocas del Toro, Chiriquí,
Colón, Darién, Kuna Yala, Ngäbe Buglé, Panama, and Veraguas. In Panama City, the Canal Zone, and other
provinces, the risk of malaria transmission is negligible or non-existent.
WHO recommended prevention in risk areas:
B; in eastern endemic areas bordering Colombia: C
PAPUA NEW GUINEA
Yellow fever
(2019)
Country requirement at entry:
proof of vaccination against yellow fever is required for travellers aged 1
year or over arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission, and for travellers having transited
through an airport of a country with risk of yellow fever transmission.
WHO vaccination recommendation:
no
Malaria
(2019)
Malaria risk due predominantly to P. falciparum exists throughout the year in the entire country below
1800 m. P. vivax resistance to chloroquine has been reported.
WHO recommended prevention in risk areas:
C
PARAGUAY
Yellow fever
(2022)
Country requirement at entry:
proof of vaccination against yellow fever is required for travellers aged 1
year or over arriving from Brazil, Bolivia, Peru, and Venezuela, and for travellers having transited for more
than 24 hours in those countries.
WHO vaccination recommendation:
yes
Recommended for all travellers aged 9 months or over, except as mentioned below.
Generally not recommended for travellers whose itineraries are limited to the capital city of Asunción.
Malaria
(2022)
Country certified malaria-free by WHO in 2018.
28
PERU
Yellow fever
(2022)
Country requirement at entry:
no
WHO vaccination recommendation:
yes
Recommended for all travellers aged 9 months or over going to areas below 2300 m in the regions of
Amazonas, Loreto, Madre de Dios, San Martin, Ucayali, Puno, Cuzco, Junín, Pasco and Huánuco and going
to designated areas of the following regions: far-north of Apurimac, far-northern Huancavelica, far-
northeastern Ancash, eastern La Libertad, northern and eastern Cajamarca, northern and northeastern
Ayacucho, and eastern Piura.
Generally not recommended for travellers whose itineraries are limited to the following areas west of the
Andes: regions of Lambayeque and Tumbes and the designated areas of western Piura and south, west and
central Cajamarca.
Not recommended for travellers whose itineraries are limited to the following areas: all areas above 2300 m,
areas west of the Andes not listed above, the city of Cuzco, the capital city of Lima, Machu Picchu, and the
Inca Trail.
Malaria
(2022)
Malaria risk due to P. vivax (80%) and P. falciparum (20%) exists throughout the year in rural areas in inter-
Andean valleys below 2500 m. Twelve departments in the country reported indigenous malaria cases; 90% of
cases are concentrated in the department of Loreto and 16% of the total cases are due to P. falciparum from
Loreto.
WHO recommended prevention in risk areas:
B in P. vivax risk areas; C in Loreto Region
28
Countries and territories certified malaria-free by WHO available at: https://www.who.int/teams/global-malaria-
programme/elimination/countries-and-territories-certified-malaria-free-by-who (accessed 3 November 2022).
35
PHILIPPINES
Yellow fever
(2022)
Country requirement at entry:
proof of vaccination against yellow fever is required for travellers aged 9
months or over arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission, and for travellers having
transited for more than 12 hours through an airport of a country with risk of yellow fever transmission.
WHO vaccination recommendation:
no
Malaria
(2022)
The risk of malaria transmission is very limited.
Malaria risk exists throughout the year in 9 remaining endemic provinces (Palawan, Sultan Kudarat, Mindoro
occidental),
WHO recommended prevention in risk areas:
A
Other country requirement(s)
(2019)
International certificate of polio vaccination is required for travellers arriving from or going to high-risk
countries. Meningococcal vaccine is required for Hajj pilgrims.
PITCAIRN ISLANDS
Yellow fever
(2021)
Country requirement at entry:
proof of vaccination against yellow fever is required for travellers aged 1
year or over arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission.
WHO vaccination recommendation:
no
POLAND
Yellow fever
(2021)
Country requirement at entry:
no
WHO vaccination recommendation:
no
PORTUGAL
Yellow fever
(2022)
Country requirement at entry:
no
WHO vaccination recommendation:
no
PUERTO RICO
Yellow fever
(2019)
Country requirement at entry:
no
WHO vaccination recommendation:
no
QATAR
Yellow fever
(2022)
Country requirement at entry:
proof of vaccination against yellow fever is required for travellers aged 9
months or over arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission.
WHO vaccination recommendation:
no
Other country requirement(s) (2022)
Proof of vaccination against poliomyelitis for all travellers arriving from endemic countries.
REUNION
Yellow fever
(2022)
Country requirement at entry:
no
WHO vaccination recommendation:
no
36
ROMANIA
Yellow fever
(2021)
Country requirement at entry:
no
WHO vaccination recommendation:
no
RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Yellow fever
(2021)
Country requirement at entry:
no
WHO vaccination recommendation:
no
RWANDA
Yellow fever
(2016)
Country requirement at entry:
proof of vaccination against yellow fever is required for travellers aged 1
year or over arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission.
WHO vaccination recommendation:
no
Malaria
(2018)
Malaria risk due predominantly to P. falciparum exists throughout the year in the entire country.
WHO recommended prevention:
C
SABA
Yellow fever
(2021)
Country requirement at entry:
no
WHO vaccination recommendation:
no
SAINT BARTHELEMY
Yellow fever
(2022)
Country requirement at entry:
proof of vaccination against yellow fever is required for travellers aged 1
year or over, arriving from countries at risk for yellow fever transmission, and for travellers having transited
for more than 12 hours through an airport of countries at risk for yellow fever transmission.
WHO vaccination recommendation:
no
SAINT HELENA
Yellow fever
(2017)
Country requirement at entry:
proof of vaccination against yellow fever is required for travellers aged 1
year or over arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission.
WHO vaccination recommendation:
no
SAINT KITTS AND NEVIS
Yellow fever
(2017)
Country requirement at entry:
proof of vaccination against yellow fever is required for travellers aged 1
year or over arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission.
WHO vaccination recommendation:
no
Other country requirement(s)
(2016)
Oral polio vaccination is required for travellers arriving from polio-endemic countries as identified by WHO.
SAINT LUCIA
Yellow fever
(2021)
Country requirement at entry:
proof of vaccination against yellow fever is required for travellers aged 9
months or over arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission.
37
WHO vaccination recommendation:
no
SAINT MARTIN
Yellow fever
(2022)
Country requirement at entry:
proof of vaccination against yellow fever is required for travellers aged 1
year or over, arriving from countries at risk for yellow fever transmission and for travellers having transited
for more than 12 hours through an airport of countries at risk for yellow fever transmission.
WHO vaccination recommendation:
no
SAINT PIERRE AND MIQUELON
Yellow fever
(2022)
Country requirement at entry:
no
WHO vaccination recommendation:
no
SAINT VINCENT AND THE GRENADINES
Yellow fever
(prior to 2013)
Country requirement at entry:
proof of vaccination against yellow fever is required for travellers aged 1
year or over arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission.
WHO vaccination recommendation:
no
SAMOA
Yellow fever
(2020)
Country requirement at entry:
proof of vaccination against yellow fever is required for travellers aged 1
year or over arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission, and for travellers having transited
for more than 12 hours through an airport of a country with risk of yellow fever transmission.
WHO vaccination recommendation:
no
SAN MARINO
Yellow fever
(2022)
Country requirement at entry:
no
WHO vaccination recommendation:
no
SAO TOME AND PRINCIPE
Yellow fever
(2015)
Country requirement at entry:
proof of vaccination against yellow fever is required for travellers aged 1
year or over arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission, and for travellers having transited
through an airport of a country with risk of yellow fever transmission.
WHO vaccination recommendation:
no
Malaria
(2018)
Malaria risk due predominantly to P. falciparum exists throughout the year in the entire country.
WHO recommended prevention:
C
SAUDI ARABIA
Yellow fever
(2022)
Country requirement at entry:
proof of vaccination against yellow fever is required for travellers aged 9
months or over arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission, and for travellers having
transited for more than 12 hours through an airport of a country with risk of yellow fever transmission.
WHO vaccination recommendation:
no
Malaria
(2022)
38
The country is in the pre-elimination phase of malaria. Local transmission is reported only in villages on the
border with Yemen (except in the high-altitude areas of Asir Province) due predominantly to P. falciparum
and mainly from September through January. The infection rate is reduced to less than 0.3 cases per 100 000
inhabitants. No risk exists in the cities of Mecca and Medina.
WHO recommended prevention in risk areas:
C
Other country requirement(s)
(2022)
Requirements for Travellers to Saudi Arabia for Hajj and Umrah
• Proof of vaccination against meningococcal meningitis
- All travellers, domestic or international, adults and children aged over 1 year arriving for Umrah, Hajj
or for seasonal work in Hajj zones, are required to submit a valid vaccination certificate with a
quadrivalent (ACYW) meningococcal vaccine received at least 10 days prior to the planned arrival to
Hajj and Umrah areas.
- Vaccination with ONE of the following vaccines is acceptable:
- Quadrivalent (ACYW) polysaccharide vaccine within the last 3 years.
- Quadrivalent (ACYW) conjugate vaccine within the last 5 years.
- Current scientific evidence suggests that conjugate vaccines are safe and effective for those above 55
years of age.
- Health authorities at the pilgrims' country of origin should ensure their vaccination within the required
validity period and make sure that the type of vaccine is clearly shown in the vaccination certificate.
If the vaccine type is not indicated on the certificate, it will be considered valid for 3 years only.
• Proof of vaccination against poliomyelitis
- Travellers from states reporting cases of WPV1 or cVDPV1 (Appendix 1-Table 1) are required to
submit a valid polio vaccination certificate with at least one dose of bivalent oral polio vaccine (bOPV)
or inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) within the previous 12 months and administered not less than 4
weeks prior to arrival.
- Travellers from states reporting cases of cVDPV2 (Appendix 1-Table 2) are required to submit a valid
polio vaccination certificate with at least one dose of IPV within the previous 12 months and
administered at least 4 weeks prior to arrival.
SENEGAL
Yellow fever
(2021)
Country requirement at entry:
proof of vaccination against yellow fever is required for travellers aged 9
months or over arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission, and for travellers having
transited through an airport of a country with risk of yellow fever transmission.
WHO vaccination recommendation:
yes
Malaria
(2018)
Malaria risk due predominantly to P. falciparum exists throughout the year in the entire country. There is less
risk from January through June in the central western regions.
WHO recommended prevention:
C
SERBIA
Yellow fever
(prior to 2013)
Country requirement at entry:
no
WHO vaccination recommendation:
no
SEYCHELLES
Yellow fever
(2021)
Country requirement at entry:
proof of vaccination against yellow fever is required for travellers aged 1
year or over arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission, and for travellers having transited
through an airport of a country with risk of yellow fever transmission.
WHO vaccination recommendation:
no
39
SIERRA LEONE
Yellow fever
(prior to 2013)
Country requirement at entry:
proof of vaccination against yellow fever is required for all travellers.
WHO vaccination recommendation:
yes
Malaria
(2018)
Malaria risk due predominantly to P. falciparum exists throughout the year in the entire country.
WHO recommended prevention:
C
SINGAPORE
Yellow fever
(2022)
Country requirement at entry:
proof of vaccination against yellow fever is required for travellers aged 1
year or over, arriving from countries at risk for yellow fever transmission, and for travellers having transited
for more than 12 hours through an airport of countries at risk for yellow fever transmission.
WHO vaccination recommendation:
no
SINT EUSTATIUS
Yellow fever
(2021)
Country requirement at entry:
proof of vaccination against yellow fever is required for travellers aged 6
months or over arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission.
WHO vaccination recommendation:
no
SINT MAARTEN
Yellow fever
(2021)
Country requirement at entry:
proof of vaccination against yellow fever is required for travellers aged 9
months or over arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission.
WHO vaccination recommendation:
no
SLOVAKIA
Yellow fever
(2019)
Country requirement at entry:
no
WHO vaccination recommendation:
no
SLOVENIA
Yellow fever
(2022)
Country requirement at entry:
no
WHO vaccination recommendation:
no
SOLOMON ISLANDS
Yellow fever
(2019)
Country requirement at entry:
proof of vaccination against yellow fever is required for travellers aged 9
months or over arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission.
WHO vaccination recommendation:
no
Malaria
(2019)
Malaria risk due predominantly to P. falciparum exists throughout the year except in a few outlying eastern
and southern islets. P. vivax resistance to chloroquine has been reported.
WHO recommended prevention in risk areas:
C
SOMALIA
40
Yellow fever
(2022)
Country requirement at entry:
no
WHO vaccination recommendation:
in general, no
Generally not recommended for travellers going to the following regions: Bakool, Banaadir, Bay, Gado,
Galgadud, Hiran, Lower Juba, Middle Juba, Lower Shabelle and Middle Shabelle.
Not recommended for all other areas not listed above.
Malaria
(2022)
Malaria risk due predominantly to P. falciparum exists throughout the year in the entire country. Risk is
relatively low and seasonal in the north; it is higher in the central and southern parts of the country.
WHO recommended prevention:
C
Other country requirement(s)
(2022)
Application of requirements according to relevant Temporary Recommendations, issued in the context of the
Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) related to the international spread of poliovirus,
avaible through: https://www.who.int/groups/poliovirus-ihr-emergency-committee.
SOUTH AFRICA
Yellow fever
(2021)
Country requirement at entry:
proof of vaccination against yellow fever is required for travellers aged 1
year or over arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission, and for travellers having transited
for more than 12 hours through an airport of a country with risk of yellow fever transmission.
WHO vaccination recommendation:
no
Malaria
(2020)
Malaria risk due predominantly to P. falciparum exists throughout the year in the low-altitude areas of
Mpumalanga Province (including the Kruger National Park), Limpopo Province, and north-eastern KwaZulu-
Natal Province. Risk is highest from October through May.
WHO recommended prevention in risk areas:
C
SOUTH SUDAN
Yellow fever
(2018)
Country requirement at entry:
proof of vaccination against yellow fever is required for all travellers aged
9 months or over.
WHO vaccination recommendation:
yes
Malaria
(2018)
Malaria risk due predominantly to P. falciparum exists throughout the year in the entire country.
WHO recommended prevention:
C
SPAIN
Yellow fever
(2022)
Country requirement at entry:
no
WHO vaccination recommendation:
no
SRI LANKA
Yellow fever
(2021)
Country requirement at entry:
proof of vaccination against yellow fever is required for travellers aged 9
months or over arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission, and for travellers having
transited for more than 12 hours through an airport of a country with risk of yellow fever transmission.
WHO vaccination recommendation:
no
SUDAN
Yellow fever
(2022)
Country requirement at entry:
no
41
WHO vaccination recommendation:
yes
Recommended for all travellers aged 9 months or over going to areas south of the Sahara Desert.
Not recommended for travellers whose itineraries are limited to areas within the Sahara Desert and the city of
Khartoum.
Malaria
(2022)
.:
malaria risk due predominantly to P. falciparum exists throughout the year in the entire country. Risk is low
and seasonal in the north; it is higher in the central and southern parts of the country. Malaria risk on the Red
Sea coast is very limited.
WHO recommended prevention:
C
SURINAME
Yellow fever
(2022)
Country requirement at entry:
proof of vaccination against yellow fever is required for travellers aged 1
year or over arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission, and for travellers having transited
for more than 12 hours through an airport of a country with risk of yellow fever transmission.
WHO vaccination recommendation:
yes
Malaria
(2022)
Malaria risk due to P. falciparum and P. vivax continues to decrease in recent years. The last indigenous case
of P. falciparum infection was registered in 2018 and the last outbreak of P. vivax was reported in August
2021. Suriname is in the process of malaria elimination. Malaria occurs throughout the year in the interior of
the country beyond the coastal savannah area, with highest risk mainly along the eastern border and in gold‐
mining areas. Paramaribo city and the other seven coastal districts have been free from malaria transmission
since 1968. P. falciparum resistant to mefloquine has been reported. Some decline in quinine sensitivity has
also been reported.
WHO recommended prevention in risk areas:
B
SWEDEN
Yellow fever
(2022)
Country requirement at entry:
no
WHO vaccination recommendation:
no
SWITZERLAND
Yellow fever
(2022)
Country requirement at entry:
no
WHO vaccination recommendation:
no
SYRIAN ARAB REPUBLIC
Yellow fever
(2022)
Country requirement at entry:
no
WHO vaccination recommendation:
no
Malaria
(2022)
Very limited malaria risk due exclusively to P. vivax may exist from May through October in foci along the
northern border, especially in rural areas of El Hasaka Governorate. No indigenous cases have been reported
since 2005, but the reporting system has been disrupted since 2010.
WHO recommended prevention:
none
Other country requirement(s)
(excluding COVID-19 related) (2022)
:
Proof of vaccination against
meningococcal meningitis required for departing travellers [not specified whether this requirement applies in
the context of Hajj].
TAJIKISTAN
Yellow fever
(2017)
42
Country requirement at entry:
no
WHO vaccination recommendation:
no
Malaria
(2017)
No indigenous cases of P. falciparum have been reported since 2009 and none of P. vivax since 2015. Previous
risk due predominantly to P. vivax existed (from June through October) particularly in southern areas (Khatlon
Region) and in some central (Dushanbe), western (Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Region) and northern
(Leninabad Region) areas.
WHO recommended prevention in risk areas:
A
TANZANIA (UNITED REPUBLIC OF)
Yellow fever
(2020)
Country requirement at entry:
proof of vaccination against yellow fever is required for travellers aged 1
year or over arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission, and for travellers having transited
for more than 12 hours through an airport of a country with risk of yellow fever transmission.
WHO vaccination recommendation:
no
Malaria
(2020)
Malaria risk due predominantly to P. falciparum exists throughout the year in the entire country below
1800 m.
WHO recommended prevention in risk areas:
C
THAILAND
Yellow fever
(2022)
Country requirement at entry:
proof of vaccination against yellow fever is required for travellers aged 9
months or over arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission, and for travellers having
transited for more than 12 hours through an airport of a country with risk of yellow fever transmission.
WHO vaccination recommendation:
no
Malaria
(2022)
Malaria risk exists throughout the year in rural (especially forested and hilly) areas of the country, mainly
toward the international borders, including the southernmost provinces. There is no risk in cities (e.g.
Bangkok, Chiang Mai and Pattaya), urban areas, Samui Island, and the main tourist resorts of Phuket Island.
However, there is a risk in some other areas and islands. P. falciparum resistance to mefloquine and to quinine
has been reported from areas near the borders with Cambodia and Myanmar. Artemisinin resistance has been
reported near the border with Cambodia. P. vivax resistance to chloroquine has been reported. Human
P. knowlesi infection has been reported.
WHO recommended prevention in risk areas:
A; in areas near Cambodia and Myanmar borders: C
TIMOR-LESTE
Yellow fever
(2019)
Country requirement at entry:
no
WHO vaccination recommendation:
no
Malaria
(2019)
Malaria risk due predominantly to P. falciparum exists throughout the year in the entire country.
WHO recommended prevention:
C
TOGO
Yellow fever
(2020)
Country requirement at entry:
proof of vaccination against yellow fever is required for all travellers aged
9 months or over.
WHO vaccination recommendation:
yes
Malaria
(2020)
Malaria risk due predominantly to P. falciparum exists throughout the year in the entire country.
WHO recommended prevention:
C
43
TOKELAU SEE NEW ZEALAND
TONGA
Yellow fever
(prior to 2013)
Country requirement at entry:
no
WHO vaccination recommendation:
no
TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO
Yellow fever
(2022)
Country requirement at entry:
no
WHO vaccination recommendation:
yes
Recommended for all travellers aged 9 months or over going to densely-forested areas on the island of
Trinidad.
Not recommended for cruise ship passengers and aircraft passengers in transit or travellers whose itineraries
are limited to the island of Tobago.
TRISTAN DA CUNHA
see
UNITED KINGDOM
TUNISIA
Yellow fever
(2022)
Country requirement at entry:
no
WHO vaccination recommendation:
no
TURKS AND CAICOS
see
UNITED KINGDOM
TURKEY
Yellow feve
r (2021)
Country requirement at entry:
no
WHO vaccination recommendation:
no
Malaria
(2018)
Local malaria transmission has been interrupted; no locally-acquired cases have been reported since 2010.
There is no malaria risk in the country.
WHO recommended prevention in risk areas:
none
TURKMENISTAN
Yellow fever
(2018)
Country requirement at entry:
no
WHO vaccination recommendation:
no
TUVALU
Yellow fever
(2019)
Country requirement at entry:
no
WHO vaccination recommendation:
no
UGANDA
Yellow fever
(2018)
44
Country requirement at entry:
proof of vaccination against yellow fever is required for all travellers aged
1 year or over.
WHO vaccination recommendation:
yes
Malaria
(2018)
Malaria risk due predominantly to P. falciparum exists throughout the year in the entire country.
WHO recommended prevention:
C
UKRAINE
Yellow fever
(2022)
Country requirement at entry:
no
WHO vaccination recommendation:
no
UNITED ARAB EMIRATES
Yellow fever
(2022)
Country requirement at entry:
proof of vaccination against yellow fever is required for travellers aged 9
months or over, arriving from countries at risk for yellow fever transmission, and for travellers having transited
for more than 12 hours through an airport of countries at risk for yellow fever transmission.
WHO vaccination recommendation:
no
UNITED KINGDOM (WITH CHANNEL ISLANDS AND ISLE OF MAN)
Yellow fever
(2021)
Country requirement at entry:
no
WHO vaccination recommendation:
no
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Yellow fever
(2021)
Country requirement at entry:
no
WHO vaccination recommendation:
no
URUGUAY
Yellow fever
(2022)
Country requirement at entry:
no
WHO vaccination recommendation:
no
UZBEKISTAN
Yellow fever
(2021)
Country requirement at entry:
no
WHO vaccination recommendation:
no
VANUATU
Yellow fever
(2021)
Country requirement at entry:
no
WHO vaccination recommendation:
no
Malaria
(2019)
Low to moderate malaria risk due predominantly to P. vivax exists throughout the year in most of the country.
P. vivax resistance to chloroquine has been reported. Malaria risk due to P. falciparum is still present.
WHO recommended prevention:
C
VENEZUELA (BOLIVARIAN REPUBLIC OF)
45
Yellow fever
(2018)
Country requirement at entry:
proof of vaccination against yellow fever is required for travellers aged 1
year or over arriving from Brazil and for travellers having transited for more than 12 hours through an airport
in Brazil.
WHO vaccination recommendation:
yes
Recommended for all travellers aged 9 months or over, except as mentioned below.
Generally not recommended for travellers whose itineraries are limited to the following areas: the entire states
of Aragua, Carabobo, Miranda, Vargas and Yaracuy, and the Distrito Federal.
Not recommended for travellers whose itineraries are limited to the following areas: all areas above 2300 m
in the states of Merida, Trujillo and Tachira; the states of Falcon and Lara; Margarita Island; the capital city
of Caracas; and the city of Valencia.
Malaria
(2018
)
Malaria risk due to P. vivax (74.6%) and P. falciparum (25.4%) is high throughout the year in some areas of
Amazonas, Bolívar, Delta Amacuro and Sucre states. There is moderate risk in Zulia State. There is low risk
in Anzoátegui and Monagas states. Risk of P. falciparum malaria is mostly restricted to municipalities in areas
of Amazonas (Alto Orinoco, Atabapo, Atures, Autana and Manapiare), Bolívar (Angostura, Cedeño, El
Callao, Gran Sabana, Heres, Piar, Rocio and Sifontes), Delta Amacuro, and Sucre (Benítez, Bermúdez, Cajigal
and Arismendi) states.
WHO recommended prevention in risk areas:
B in P. vivax risk areas; C in P. falciparum risk areas
VIET NAM
Yellow fever
(2019)
Country requirement at entry:
no
WHO vaccination recommendation:
no
Malaria
(2019)
Malaria risk due predominantly to P. falciparum exists in the entire country, excluding urban centres, the Red
River delta, the Mekong delta, and the coastal plain areas of central Viet Nam. High-risk areas are the highland
areas below 1500 m south of 18˚N, notably in the four central highlands provinces of Dak Lak, Dak Nong,
Gia Lai and Kon Tum; in Binh Phuoc Province; and in the western parts of the coastal provinces of Khanh
Hoa, Ninh Thuan, Quang Nam and Quang Tri. Resistance to mefloquine has been reported.
WHO recommended prevention in risk areas:
C
WAKE ISLAND
Yellow fever
(prior to 2013)
Country requirement at entry:
no
WHO vaccination recommendation:
no
WALLIS AND FUTUNA
Yellow fever
(2021)
Country requirement at entry:
proof of vaccination against yellow fever is required for travellers aged 1
year or over arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission and for travellers having transited
for more than 12 hours through an airport of a country with risk of yellow fever transmission.
WHO vaccination recommendation:
no
YEMEN
Yellow fever (
2022)
Country requirement at entry:
no
WHO vaccination recommendation:
no
Malaria
(prior to 2022)
Malaria risk due predominantly to P. falciparum exists throughout the year, but mainly from September
through February, in the entire country below 2000 m. There is no risk in Sanaʼa city. Malaria risk on Socotra
Island is very limited.
46
WHO recommended prevention in risk areas:
C; Socotra Island: A
ZAMBIA
Yellow fever
(2018)
Country requirement at entry:
proof of vaccination against yellow fever is required for travellers aged 1
year or over arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission, and for travellers having transited
for more than 12 hours through an airport of a country with risk of yellow fever transmission.
WHO vaccination recommendation:
in general, no
Generally not recommended for travellers going to the following areas: the entire North West and Western
provinces.
Not recommended for all other areas not listed above.
Malaria
(2018)
Malaria risk due predominantly to P. falciparum exists throughout the year in the entire country.
WHO recommended prevention:
C
ZIMBABWE
Yellow fever
(2019)
Country requirement at entry:
proof of vaccination against yellow fever is required for travellers aged 9
months or over arriving from countries with risk of yellow fever transmission, and for travellers having
transited for more than 12 hours through an airport of a country with risk of yellow fever transmission.
WHO vaccination recommendation:
no
Malaria
(2019)
Malaria risk due predominantly to P. falciparum exists from November through June in areas below 1200 m
and throughout the year in the Zambezi valley. In Bulawayo and Harare, risk is negligible.
WHO recommended prevention in risk areas:
C
= = =
© World Health Organization 2022. Some rights reserved. This work is available under the licence
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/igo.
The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any
opinion whatsoever on the part of WHO concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its
authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.
