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Ensuring!Consumer!Protections!for!Purchasers!of!!
Residential!Battery!Storage!Systems!
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Research!report!commissioned!by!the!Public!Interest!Advocacy!Centre!
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Dr!Penelope!Crossley!
Sydney!Law!School!
The!University!of!Sydney! !
!
2!
Introduction!
!
Australia!currently!has!the!highest!proportion!of!households!with!photovoltaic!solar!systems!
installed!of!any!country!in!the!world
1
.!!Many!of!these!households!took!advantage!of!generous!solar!
feed-in!tariff!schemes!that!were!offered!by!state!governments!to!accelerate!the!deployment!of!
small-scale!renewable!energy!paying!between!20c!to!60c!per!kWh!generated!and!then!fed!back!into!
the!grid
2
.!These!solar!bonus!schemes!changed!the!often!already!favourable!economics!associated!
with!the!installation!of!PV!solar!for!many!households,!significantly!reducing!their!household!energy!
bills!during!a!period!in!which!electricity!prices!increased!sharply!within!the!Australian!market.!!
Indeed,!over!the!past!decade!the!residential!electricity!prices!across!Australia!have!increased!on!
average!by!106!per!cent.
3
!!
!
With!the!end!of!the!solar!bonus!schemes!in!New!South!Wales,!Queensland!and!Victoria!in!late!2016!
and!early!2017,!many!of!these!households!are!experiencing!“bill!shock.!”!In!2017!alone,!some!
electricity!retailers!have!increased!their!electricity!tariffs!by!almost!20%.
4
!At!the!same!time!as!
charging!record!prices,!many!retailers!have!simultaneously!slashed!the!solar!feed-in!tariffs!they!offer!
to!their!customers,!with!some!retailers!offering!tariffs!as!low!as!6c!to!10c!per!kWh.
5
!!Currently,!peak!
electricity!in!Australia!can!cost!as!much!as!44c!per!kWh.
6
!As!a!result,!increasing!numbers!of!
residential!customers!are!investigating!installation!of!battery!storage!systems!to!complement!their!
existing!or!new!photovoltaic!solar!systems.!!Indeed,!the!first!national!audit!of!residential!battery!
storage!systems!in!the!Australian!market!found!that!almost!7000!systems!were!installed!in!2016,!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
*!Dr!Penelope!Crossley,!Sydney!Law!School,!The!University!of!Sydney,!penel[email protected]!
1
!Samantha!Donovan,!“Australia!leads!world!in!household!solar!panel!installations”,!ABC$News!(online),!29!September!
2015,!
http://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-09-29/australia-leads-world-in-installation-of-household-solar-panels/6813532!;!
Energy!Supply!Association!of!Australia,!Fact$Sheet:$Renewable$Energy$in$Australia$–$How$do$we$really$compare?,!p.!4!
https://c311ba9548948e593297-96809452408ef41d0e4fdd00d5a5d157.ssl.cf2.rackcdn.com/2016-03-23-factcheck-
renewables/ESA002-factsheet-renewables.pdf!!
2
!NSW!Government,!Resources!&!Energy,!The$Solar$Bonus$Scheme$is$closed,$
http://www.resourcesandenergy.nsw.gov.au/energy-consumers/solar/solar-bonus-scheme/the-solar-bonus-scheme-is-
closed!!
3
!Energy!Matters,!Australian$Energy$Prices$Soar$106%$In$A$Decade!(14!February!2017)!
http://www.energymatters.com.au/renewable-news/australian-electricity-prices-em5903/!;!Simon!Benson!and!David!
Crowe,!“Power!price!spike!puts!heat!on!ALP”,!The$Australian!(online),!13!February!2017,!
http://www.theaustralian.com.au/national-affairs/power-price-spike-puts-heat-on-alp/news-
story/fc99ef058d958dc3f6d1769620bc9d13!!
4
!EnergyAustralia,!Rate$changes$-$Qld,$NSW,$ACT$&$SA,!17!June!2017!
https://www.energyaustralia.com.au/home/help-and-support/faqs/rate-changes!
5
!Michael!Slezak,!“From!solar!boom!to!bill!shock:!Australians!face!loss!of!rooftop!payments”,!The$Guardian!(online),!31!July!
2016,!
https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2016/jul/31/australia-residents-solar-rooftop-lose-payments!!
6
!See!e.g.,!Energy!Australia,!Energy!Price!Fact!Sheet!SA!Residential!(Electricity),!20!June!2017,!
https://secure.energyaustralia.com.au/EnergyPriceFactSheets/Docs/EPFS/E_R_S_RSOT_SA_02-01-2017.pdf.!Note!that!the!
price!quoted!is!prior!to!the!3!July!2017!price!increases,!with!residential!prices!due!to!increase!for!EnergyAustralia!
customers!in!South!Australia!by!19.9%.!!
!
3!
with!the!figure!being!predicted!to!triple!in!2017.
7
!!What!is!remarkable!about!the!Australian!market!
for!residential!battery!storage!systems!is!that,!for!many!households!with!PV!solar!installed,!it!is!
already!cost!competitive!for!them!to!also!install!a!residential-scale!battery!storage!system.!
Moreover,!this!level!of!growth!is!also!occurring!in!the!absence!of!any!national!or!state-based!subsidy!
schemes!supporting!their!installation!and/or!use.
89
!!Thus!Australia!presents!a!highly!attractive!
market!for!residential!energy!storage!manufacturers!and!suppliers,!with!many!of!the!large!battery!
manufacturers!using!Australia!as!a!test!case.!!It!is!estimated!that!approximately!20!manufacturers!
are!currently!active!in!the!Australian!market,!producing!90!products!for!sale!in!Australia.
10
!!!
!
Despite!recent!falls!in!price,!residential!battery!storage!systems!are!still!expensive!to!install!(in!
excess!of!$5000!for!most!systems)!and!there!is!a!lack!of!transparent!comparative!data!available!on!
the!relative!performance!of!different!systems,!as!well!as!their!operating!costs!and!recycling!costs.!In!
addition,!if!the!batteries!are!improperly!installed!or!maintained,!have!manufacturing!defects!or!are!
subject!to!extreme!weather!events/natural!disasters,!they!may!pose!a!significant!safety!risk!to!the!
end-consumer.!These!risks!are!often!poorly!understood,!and!are!exacerbated!by!both!the!lack!of!
Australian!Standards,!and!the!lack!of!widely!adopted!international!standards,!covering!residential!
battery!storage!safety,!installation!and!performance.
11
!!As!a!result,!contractual!warranties!and!
statutory!consumer!guarantees!play!an!important!role!both!in!terms!of!inspiring!consumer!
confidence!in!residential!battery!storage!systems!and!in!ensuring!consumer!protection!for!end-
consumers.!!
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This!report!will!investigate!the!role!and!coverage!of!contractual!warranties!and!statutory!consumer!
guarantees!for!residential!battery!storage!systems!within!the!Australian!market.!!Part!I!of!this!report!
will!analyse!the!current!problems!associated!with!residential!battery!storage!systems!and!the!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
7
!Amy!Bainbridge,!“Solar!batteries!‘exploding’!in!popularity!with!uptake!tipped!to!triple!in!2017,!audit!finds”,!ABC$News$
(online),!14!February!2017,!
http://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-02-14/solar-batteries-like-tesla-exploding-in-
popularity/8259830!!
8
!Though!note!that!Adelaide!City!Council!has!offered!limited!subsidies!to!businesses!and!community!groups!seeking!to!
install!energy!storage!systems!which!has!undoubtedly!encouraged!the!uptake!of!these!systems!in!Adelaide.!!Adelaide!City!
Council!is!the!first,!and!currently,!the!only!local!government!area!to!offer!a!specific!subsidy!for!energy!storage!systems!in!
Australia.!!
9
!Michael!Slezak,!“From!solar!boom!to!bill!shock:!Australians!face!loss!of!rooftop!payments”,!The$Guardian!(online),!31!July!
2016,!
https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2016/jul/31/australia-residents-solar-rooftop-lose-payments.!See!also:!
Jonathan!Gifford,!“Smart!storage!to!power!the!Smarthome”,!PV$Magazine:$Storage$Special!(11!February!2015)!
https://www.pv-magazine.com/magazine-archive/smart-storage-to-power-the-smarthome_100018181/;!Rich!Bowden,!
“Australia!to!lead!world!in!solar!and!battery!storage”,!Solar$Quotes!(1!November!2015)!
https://www.solarquotes.com.au/blog/australia-to-lead-world-in-solar-and-battery-storage-report/;!Bruce!Mountain,!
“Tesla’s!price!shock:!solar!+!battery!as!cheap!as!grid!power”,!Renew$Economy!(4!November!2015)!
http://reneweconomy.com.au/teslas-price-shock-solar-battery-as-cheap-as-grid-power-22265/!!
10
!James!Martin!II,!“Battery!storage!options!are!growing:!What!products!are!out!there?”,!Solar$Choice$(28!September!2015)!
https://www.solarchoice.net.au/blog/solar-battery-storage-products-in-australia-list!!
11
!AECOM!Australia!Pty!Ltd,!Energy$Storage$Study$-$A$storage$market$review$and$recommendations$for$funding$and$
knowledge$sharing$priorities!(13!July!2015)!Australian!Renewable!Energy!Agency,!p.!22!
https://arena.gov.au/assets/2017/02/AECOM-Energy-Storage-Study.pdf!!
!
4!
specific!climactic!characteristics!of!the!Australian!market!that!are!causing!challenges!within!the!
market.!Part!II!of!this!report!will!then!consider!the!theoretical!role!of!contractual!warranties!and!
statutory!consumer!guarantees.!Part!III!of!the!report!will!discuss!the!results!of!a!critical!analysis!of!
the!contents!of!the!contractual!warranties!available!for!existing!residential!battery!storage!products!
within!the!Australian!market.!In!particular,!this!part!will!consider!what!is!currently!“the!market!
standard”,!and!what!is!best!practice!in!these!contractual!warranties.!It!will!further!identify!the!areas!
that!consumers!should!examine!closely!prior!to!purchasing!a!residential!battery!storage!system.!!!
The!article!will!conclude!in!Part!IV!with!an!evaluation!of!how!well!the!existing!regime!of!contractual!
warranties!and!statutory!consumer!guarantees!for!residential!battery!storage!systems!protects!
consumer!interests.!This!Part!will!also!identify!any!gaps!that!exist!within!current!regulations!and!
consider!whether!further!reforms!may!be!warranted!to!ensure!adequate!end-consumer!protection.!
!
!
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!
5!
1.!!!Current!problems!that!are!emerging!with!residential!battery!storage!systems!
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Not!all!residential!battery!storage!systems!are!the!same.!!Batteries!have!complex!chemistries,!some!
of!which,!like!lead-acid!batteries,!are!safer!than!others,!like!lithium!ion!batteries,!which!can!be!highly!
volatile!under!high!heat!and/or!pressure.
12
!!However,!lithium!ion!batteries!possess!other!positive!
characteristics!such!as!a!longer!cycle!life,!faster!charge!times,!lower!maintenance!requirements!and!
lower!weight,!which!make!them!attractive!for!use!in!batteries!used!in!everyday!electrical!items!like!
phones,!electric!vehicles,!residential!battery!storage,!and!laptop!computers.
13
!!!
!
While!the!use!of!lithium!ion!batteries!in!residential!battery!storage!systems!is!a!fairly!recent!
phenomenon,!parallels!can!be!drawn!with!the!experience!of!using!lithium!ion!batteries!in!other!
household!or!domestic!products,!albeit!these!batteries!are!often!of!a!smaller!scale.!This!experience!
suggests!that!a!range!of!problems!is!likely!to!occur!in!residential!battery!storage!systems.!!Table!1!
(below)!highlights!a!sample!of!the!reported!litigation!involving!the!use!of!lithium!ion!batteries!in!
household!or!domestic!products!in!the!United!States!and!other!overseas!jurisdictions:!
!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
12
!Anitha!S.!Subburaj,!Bejoy!N.!Pushpakaran!and!Stephen!B.!Bayne,!“Overview!of!grid!connected!renewable!energy!based!
battery!products!in!USA”!(2015)!45!Renewable$and$Sustainable$Energy$Reviews!219!–!234,!222.!
13
!AECOM!Australia!Pty!Ltd,!Energy$Storage$Study$-$A$storage$market$review$and$recommendations$for$funding$and$
knowledge$sharing$priorities!(13!July!2015)!Australian!Renewable!Energy!Agency,!p.!24!
https://arena.gov.au/assets/2017/02/AECOM-Energy-Storage-Study.pdf!
!
6!
Table!1:!Selected!history!of!battery!litigation!
!
Case!citation/s!
Product!
Issues!
Outcome!
!
In$re$Ipod$Cases,!
(2005)!Judicial!
Council!
Coordination!
Proceeding!No.!
4355,!San!Mateo!
Co.!Sup.!Ct.!
(California)!
!
Mosley$v$Apple$
Computer,!Inc.,!
(2005)!case!7-04-
cv-5773,!USDC,!
Southern!District!of!
New!York.!(New!
York)!
!
There!were!a!
number!of!similar!
cases!in!Canada!
including!Lenzi$v$
Apple$Canda,$Inc.;!
Wolfe$v$Apple$
Computer,$Inc.$and$
Apple$Canada,$Inc.;!
Hirst$v.$Apple$
Canada,$Inc.;!
Hamilton$v.$Apple$
Computer,$Inc.,$and$
Apple$Canada,$Inc.$!
!
!Apple!Ipod!!
!
Poor!battery!
performance!
Poor!battery!life!
Misleading!and!
deceptive!conduct!
The!case!settled!for!US$15!
million,!which!was!used!to!
reimburse!up!to!1.3m!
affected!consumers,!as!
well!as!pay!legal!costs!and!
disbursements!amounting!
to!US!$2.77!million.!The!
final!settlement!equated!
to!US!$1500!for!each!class!
representative.
16
!
!
Other!claims!associated!
with!this!settlement!
entitled!any!consumer!
who!had!purchased!an!
affected!iPod,!could!show!
their!receipt!and!filled!out!
a!valid!claim!form!being!
given!a!US$50!voucher!
redeemable!towards!the!
purchase!of!any!Apple!
products!or!services!
except!iTunes!downloads!
or!iTunes!gift!certificates.!!
Further,!those!consumers!
who!experienced!
problems!with!either!their!
battery!life!or!battery!
performance!were!also!
eligible!to!have!their!
battery!or!iPod!replaced,!
and!were!given!an!
extended!warranty!period!
of!two!years!rather!than!
the!standard!one-year!
warranty!that!was!offered!
by!Apple!at!the!time.
17
!!
!
Humberto$Daniel$
Klee$and$David$
Walla,$individually,$
and$on$behalf$of$a$
class$of$similarly$
situated$individuals$
v$Nissan$North$
America,$Inc,!(CD!
Cal,!No.!2:12-cv-
08238-BRO-PJW,!
10!November!
Electric!
vehicle!
batteries!
Misleading!and!
deceptive!conduct!
Poor!battery!
performance!
Outcome:!!$US24m!(with!
$5000!for!each!named!
plaintiff!and!payment!of!
US$1.9!million!in!the!
plaintiff's!attorneys!fees)!
and!Nissan!upgraded!its!
warranty!to!guarantee!
70%!usable!capacity!for!
five!years!or!60,000!miles,!
which!ever!came!sooner.
19
!
For!LEAF!Vehicles!whose!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
14
!Associated!Press,!San!Francisco,!“Apple!Offers!$US50!for!iPod!battery!problems”,!The$Age!(online),!3!June!2015,!
http://www.theage.com.au/news/Breaking/Apple-offer-to-settle-iPod-battery-suit/2005/06/03/1117568346839.html!!
15
!Ibid.!!
16
!Ibid.!!
17
!Ibid.!!
18
!Ovidiu!Sandru,!Nissan$Leaf$Lawsuit:$New$Battery$Replacement$for$Unhappy$Customers$(July!21,!2015)!Green!Optimistic!
http://www.greenoptimistic.com/nissan-leaf-lawsuit-battery/#.VwGp4GP4PzI!
!
7!
Case!citation/s!
Product!
Issues!
Outcome!
!
2013)!
!
batteries!for!beneath!the!
70%!usable!capacity!
guarantee!during!the!
warranty!period,!Nissan!
agreed!to!repair!or!
replace!the!battery!under!
warranty!with!a!new!or!
refurbished!battery!to!
restore!the!battery's!
capacity!to!at!least!70%!
usable!capacity.!!!
!
Helene$
Courtemanche$v$
Honda$Motor$Co,$
Ltd,$and$Honda$
Canada$Inc![2014]!
QCCS!500-06-
000601-126!(4!
November!2014).!
!
Hybrid!
vehicle!
battery!
Poor!battery!
performance!
Misleading!and!
deceptive!conduct!
This!class!action!was!
settled!through!a!‘Cash!
payment!of!an!additional!
$100.00!to!each!Subclass!
Member…certifying!
dissatisfaction!with!the!
performance!of!the!IMA!
battery!or!the!Software!
Update’,!‘Reimbursement!
of!Full!Cost!of!Parts!and!
Labour’!to!persons!who!
had!their!IMA!battery!
replaced!in!the!2003!
through!2006!models!and!
a!‘Warranty!Extension.’
22
!
!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
19
!Andy!Palmer!(Executive!Vice!President,!Nissan!Motor!Co!Ltd)!“Special$announcement$regarding$the$Nissan$LEAF”$on!
MyNissanLeaf$(22!September!2012)!
http://www.mynissanleaf.com/viewtopic.php?uid=206&f=4&t=11043&start=0;!Jeff!
Cobb,!How$Long$Will$An$Electric$Car’s$Battery$Last?!(30!April!2014)!HybridCars!http://www.hybridcars.com/how-long-will-
an-evs-battery-last/!
20
!Helene!Courtemanche!and!Honda!Canada!Inc,!Canadian$2003$–$2009$Honda$Civic$Hybrid$Fuel$Economy$National$
Settlement$Agreement!(13!August!2014)!
http://www.hchsettlement.ca/SettlementAgreement!!
22
!Ibid,!p.!3!
!
8!
Case!citation/s!
Product!
Issues!
Outcome!
!
Brown$v$Swagway,$
LLC$and$Modell’s$
Sporting$Goods,$
Inc.,!(Filed!
10/12/15)!USDC!
Northern!District!of!
Indiana!
!
Hoverboard!
battery!
Safety!defect!
Total!product!failure!
!
Case!still!pending!
Ramirez$v$Samsung$
Electronics$America$
Inc.,!(Filed!8/9/16)!
USDC!New!Jersey,!
Newark!District!
!
Mobile!
phone!
battery!
Safety!defect!
Total!product!failure!
!
Case!still!pending!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
21
!Helene$Courtemanche$v$Honda$Motor$Co,$Ltd,$and$Honda$Canada$Inc![2014]!QCCS!500-06-000601-126!(4!November!
2014),!available!at:!
http://www.hchsettlement.ca/Content/civic-hybrid-settlement-claims.ca/dbbe2b94-a97b-4336-b961-
0bb93d225dfa/GenericContent_FFH/NEW-FINAL---Nov.-4-2014-Judgment---Motion-to-Authorize-the-Class-Action-
Settlement-Agreement.pdf!
23
!James!Eng,!“Man!Sues!Hoverboard!Maker!Swagway!Over!Fire!That!Damaged!His!Home”,!NBC$News!(online),!16!
December!2015,!
http://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/man-sues-hoverboard-maker-swagway-over-fire-damaged-his-
home-n481336!!
24
!Alexis!Kellert,!Hoverboard$Liability$Suits$Could$Float$To$Top$In$2016$(28!January!2016)!Law360!
https://www.law360.com/articles/750243/hoverboard-liability-suits-could-float-to-the-top-in-2016!;!Brown$v$Swagway,$
LLC$and$Modell’s$Sporting$Goods,$Inc.$(Filed!10/12/15)!USDC!Northern!District!of!Indiana,!USDC!IN/ND,!No.!3:15-cv-588-RL-
CAN!at!20,!https://s3.amazonaws.com/pacer-documents/N.D.%20Ind.%2015-cv-
00588%20dckt%20000001_000%20filed%202015-12-10.pdf!!
!
9!
Case!citation/s!
Product!
Issues!
Outcome!
!
Waudby,$Spuntak$
and$Ibrahim$v$
Samsung$
Electronics$
America,$Inc.,!(Filed!
16/10/16)!USDC!
New!Jersey,!
Newark!District!
!
Mobile!
phone!
battery!
Safety!defect!
Breach!of!express!
warranty!
Common!law!fraud!!
Breach!of!the!duty!/!
implied!covenant!of!
good!faith!and!fair!
dealing!
Case!still!pending!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
25
!Lexis!Legal!News,!California$Man$Files$Product$Defect$Suit$over$Exploding$Samsung$Phone!(22!September!2016)!
http://www.lexislegalnews.com/articles/11375/california-man-files-product-defect-suit-over-exploding-samsung-phone!
26
!Ibid.!!
27
!Daniel!Ramirez,!Complaint$filed$in$the$Superior$Court$of$New$Jersey$Bergen$County!(8!September!2016)!
https://www.classaction.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/33/2016/09/Samsung-PDF.pdf!!
28
!Mike!Wurerthele,$Samsung$stops$shipments$of$‘exploding’$Galaxy$Note$7$Phones!(31!August!2016)!APPLEINSIDER!
http://appleinsider.com/articles/16/08/31/samsung-stops-shipments-of-exploding-galaxy-note-7-phones!;!Clare!Reilly,!
Samsung$Recalls$Galaxy$Note$7$Over$Battery$Flaw!(2!!September!2016)!CNET!https://www.cnet.com/au/news/samsung-
confirms-global-recall-replacement-galaxy-note-7-faulty-battery/!!
!
10!
Case!citation/s!
Product!
Issues!
Outcome!
!
!
Shaheen$and$Fuller$
v$Samsung$Canada$
and$Samsung$USA!
[2016]!Ontario!
Superior!Court!
Mobile!
phone!
battery!
Safety!defect!
Case!still!pending!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
29
!Abinaya!Vijayaraghavan,!Samsung$faces$potential$class$action$in$U.S.$over$Note$7!(18!November!2016)!Thomson!Reuters!
http://www.reuters.com/article/us-samsung-elec-smartphones-class-action-idUSKCN12I2TY!!
30
!John!Wauby,!Robert!Spuntak!and!Mohamad!Ibranhim,!Complaint$filed$in$the$US$District$Court$for$the$District$of$New$
Jersey$Newark$Division!(16!October!2016)!
http://online.wsj.com/public/resources/documents/2016_1017_samsung_lawsuit.pdf!!
!
11!
Case!citation/s!
Product!
Issues!
Outcome!
!
South!Korean!class!
action!against!
Samsung!Korea!for!
the!Galaxy!7!
Mobile!
phone!
battery!
Safety!defect.!!
Case!still!pending!
!
The!conclusion!that!may!be!drawn!from!studying!some!of!the!previous!case!law!involving!battery!
litigation!is!that!there!are!likely!to!be!five!common!problems!arise!with!the!use!of!residential!battery!
storage!systems:!
!
1. Poor!battery!performance:!While!the!diminishing!ability!to!fully!charge/discharge!is!a!
fundamental!feature!of!lithium!ion!batteries,!poor!battery!performance!commonly!takes!the!
form!of!unacceptable!or!unusually!accelerated!battery!capacity!degradation!over!time,!
which!affects!the!maximum!charge!that!the!end-customer!can!get!from!their!battery.!!
2. Poor!battery!life:!The!battery!needing!to!be!charged!more!frequently!over!time!which!may!
negatively!affect!the!end!use!of!the!product,!e.g.,!when!coupled!with!poor!battery!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
31
!Alexandra!Posadzki,!Class-action$lawsuit$over$Galaxy$Note$7$smartphones$filed$in$Canada!(7!November!2016)!The!Star!
https://www.thestar.com/business/2016/11/07/class-action-lawsuit-filed-against-samsung-in-canada-over-note-7-
smartphones.html!!
32
!IANS,!Galaxy$Note$7$owners$in$South$Korea$file$class-action$lawsuit$against$Samsung!(24!October!2016)$BGR!Media$
http://www.bgr.in/news/galaxy-note-7-owners-in-south-korea-file-class-action-lawsuit-against-samsung/!;!Xinhua!News!
Agency,!Hundreds$of$Samsung$Note$7$Owners$in$South$Korea$file$class$action$lawsuit!(24!October!2016)!Xinhuanet!
http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2016-10/24/c_135777532.htm!!
33
!Ibid.!!
!
12!
performance!this!may!mean!that!an!electric!vehicle!owner!is!no!longer!able!to!get!the!same!
driving!range!out!of!their!vehicle!before!having!to!recharge!the!battery.!!
3. Total!product!failure:!The!battery!no!longer!works.!!
4. Safety!defects:!Batteries!have!been!the!subject!of!a!number!of!international!recalls!in!recent!
years,!with!common!problems!including!electrical!malfunction,!overheating,!fire!risk,!the!risk!
of!electric!shocks!and!battery!leakage,!as!well!as!any!consequential!personal!injury,!property!
damage!or!economic!loss!resulting!from!safety!defects.!!This!problem!is!particularly!serious!
in!the!context!of!lithium!ion!batteries.!!While!the!likelihood!of!a!fire!as!a!result!of!a!single!
battery!may!be!relatively!low,!the!risk!of!such!an!event!is!foreseeable,!especially!given!the!
experience!of!other!international!jurisdictions!such!as!Germany.!!A!German!industry!expert,!
Wilfried!Schulz,!stated!at!the!IRENA!Expert!Workshop!on!the!Regulation!of!Energy!Storage!
that!he!was!aware!of!at!least!eight!house!fires!caused!by!lithium!ion!energy!storage!devices!
in!Germany.
34
!!Further,!there!was!also!a!fire!caused!by!a!faulty!energy!storage!system!at!a!
residential!property!in!Victoria!in!2016.
35
!!The!gravity!of!a!fire!event!resulting!from!a!
malfunctioning!battery!on!a!residential!household!warrants!that!additional!measures!should!
be!adopted!to!prevent!the!loss!of!life,!personal!injury!and!property!damage.!!!
5. Misleading!and!deceptive!conduct:!!These!cases!involve!false!claims!being!made!by!the!
seller!of!the!product!to!the!end!purchaser.!!In!the!context!of!battery!litigation,!these!claims!
may!relate!to!promises!about!the!total!lifespan!of!the!battery,!the!frequency!with!which!it!
will!need!to!be!charged,!the!usable!battery!capacity,!or!other!claims!about!appropriate!uses!
for,!or!the!safety!of!the!product.!!In!particular,!the!lack!of!realistic!data!on!the!technical!
performance!of!residential!battery!storage!systems!over!their!working!life!when!operated!
under!normal!(not!optimal!laboratory)!conditions!means!it!is!difficult!for!consumers!to!
conduct!their!own!research!or!make!informed!decisions!about!the!likely!costs!of!a!
residential!battery!storage!system!over!its!life.!!In!particular,!there!has!been!criticism!that!
some!of!the!available!data!does!not!include!operating,!maintenance,!decommissioning!or!
recycling!costs.!!In!these!circumstances,!should!a!seller!make!a!claim!to!a!potential!
purchaser!about!the!amount!that!they!will!save!by!installing!the!residential!battery!storage!
system!or!its!total!cost!which!later!proves!to!be!false,!the!purchaser!may!have!a!valid!claim!
under!the!applicable!consumer!protection!legislation.!!!!
!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
34
!Discussion!and!follow!up!personal!email.!!!
35
!Giles!Parkinson,!“Fire!sparks!concerns!over!lack!of!standards!on!battery!storage,”!(18!March!2016)!
http://reneweconomy.com.au/fire-sparks-concerns-over-lack-of-standards-on-battery-storage-52193/!
!
13!
Such!problems!may!give!rise!to!consumers!bringing!claims!against!the!manufacturers,!suppliers!and!
retailers!of!residential!battery!storage!systems!for!a!breach!of!their!contractual!warranty,!breaches!
of!the!statutory!consumer!guarantees,!claims!in!tort!for!personal!injury,!property!damage!and!
economic!loss,!or!under!consumer!protection!laws!for!misleading!and!deceptive!conduct.!!!
!
! !
!
14!
1.1!Characteristics!of!the!Australian!market!that!are!causing!challenges!for!international!products!
entering!the!market!
!
In!addition!to!the!likely!problems!that!will!be!experienced!in!relation!to!residential!battery!storage!
systems!globally,!the!Australian!market!also!poses!some!unique!challenges!for!market!entrants.!!!
!
Environmental!challenges:!Many!areas!of!Australia!are!subject!to!extreme!temperatures!in!excess!of!
40
o
C!(or!104
o
F)!in!summer,!and!these!hot!days!may!persist!for!several!days!consecutively.!!Further,!
some!areas!of!Australia!are!prone!to!extended!periods!of!high!humidity,!particularly!in!the!summer!
months.!!Both!high!temperatures!and!high!humidity!are!known!to!cause!problems!for!lithium!ion!
batteries,!shortening!their!lifespan!and!reducing!their!performance.
36
!!As!a!result,!battery!
manufacturers!have!placed!limitations!on!both!upper!maximum!and!minimum!ambient!and!
operating!temperatures!and!humidity!for!their!batteries.!As!discussed!below,!most!warranties!are!
voided!if!the!battery!is!exposed!to!temperatures!or!humidity!outside!these!ranges!either!on!a!one-
off!basis!or!in!the!case!of!some!batteries,!when!averaged!over!a!12-month!period.!!!
!
The!lack!of!applicable!product!standards:!!There!are!currently!no!Australian!Standards!governing!
residential!battery!storage!system!safety,!installation!or!performance.
37
!These!Standards!are!
currently!in!the!process!of!being!drafted!but!have!been!identified!as!a!high!priority!area!for!the!
development!of!Standards!since!2012.!!However,!even!if!these!Standards!are!adopted,!experience!
from!other!electrical!products,!which!have!adopted!Australian!Standards!over!a!widely!used!
international!standard,!suggests!they!could!potentially!have!a!detrimental!impact!on!consumers!
within!the!Australian!market!by!limiting!the!range!of!available!products!able!to!enter!the!market.!!
This!in!turn,!could!have!a!negative!affect!on!competition!and!the!prices!paid!by!Australian!
consumers.!!That!said,!while!some!applicable!international!standards!do!exist!and!are!beginning!to!
be!used!within!the!Australian!market!such!as!IEC62619
38
,!these!standards!are!still!yet!to!be!widely!
adopted.!
!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
36
!See,!for!example:!Ovidiu!Sandru,!Nissan$Leaf$Lawsuit:$New$Battery$Replacement$for$Unhappy$Customers!(21!July!2015)!
The!Green!Optimistic!
https://www.greenoptimistic.com/nissan-leaf-lawsuit-battery/;!Jeff!Cobb,!How$Long$Will$An$Electric$
Car’s$Battery$Last?!(30!April!2014)!Hybrid!Cars!http://www.hybridcars.com/how-long-will-an-evs-battery-last/!(Nissan!and!
Tesla!have!similarly!experienced!problems!with!consumers!using!lithium!batteries!for!electric!cars!in!warm!climates,!
whereby!the!batteries!charging!to!100%!can!cause!them!to!overheat!and!become!permanently!damaged).!
37
!K.!Cavanagh,!S.!Behrens,!C.!Price,!O.!Lim,!N.!Haigh,!A.!Fleming,!E.!Oliver,!A.!Mankad,!and!A.!Bhatt,!“Energy!storage!safety:!
Responsible!installation,!use!and!disposal!of!domestic!and!small!commercial!battery!systems”!(2015)$CSIRO$Report$
EP156209,!Clean!Energy!Council,!Australia.!!
38
!DNVGL,!Lithium$batteries$–$Rules$and$Standards!(December!2015)!DNVGL-CP-0418!
https://rules.dnvgl.com/docs/pdf/DNVGL/CP/2015-12/DNVGL-CP-0418.pdf!!
!
15!
So! what! consumer! protections! exist! to! protect! consumers! in! the! event! of! problems! with! their!
residential!battery!storage!system?!
!
! !
!
16!
2.!!The!protection!offered!by!contractual!warranties!
Parisi!has!defined!a!warranty!as!“a!promise!by!the!seller!to!assume!specific!responsibilities!in!case!
the!quality!or!performance!of!the!purchased!item!does!not!conform!to!its!specifications!or!to!the!
buyer’s!legitimate!expectations.”
39
!A!number!of!different!theories!for!having!contractual!warranties!
can!be!identified!from!the!literature!including:!
!
2.1!Insurance!theory
40
!!
Insurance!theory!suggests!that!contractual!warranties!for!the!residential!battery!storage!system!will!
operate!to!allocate!the!potential!risks!between!the!manufacturer/retailer!and!the!purchaser!on!the!
basis!of!who!is!best!able!to!manage!or!mitigate!the!risk.!!Given!the!product!complexity!and!
significant!information!asymmetries!present!in!the!market!for!residential!battery!storage!systems,!
this!theory!supports!the!notion!that!the!manufacturers/retailers!ought!to!assume!the!full!costs!of!
refunding,!repairing,!or!replacing!a!faulty!product!that!fails!within!the!warranty!period.!!Thus!
according!to!this!theory,!the!presence!of!a!contractual!warranty!provides!added!value!to!individual!
purchasers,!who!are!generally!assumed!to!be!risk!averse,!because!it!insures!them!against!these!risks.!!!
!
However,!as!will!be!shown!later!in!this!report,!in!the!context!of!residential!battery!storage!systems!
almost!all!of!the!shared!risks!seem!to!be!passed!onto!the!purchaser!of!the!storage!system!to!the!
fullest!extent!that!the!manufacturers/retailer!can!do!so.!!Given!the!lack!of!secondary!insurance!
products!currently!available!on!the!market,!and!the!challenges!that!purchasers!of!residential!battery!
storage!systems!have!with!information!asymmetries!when!compared!to!the!manufacturers/retailers!
of!such!systems,!this!often!leaves!the!purchaser!carrying!risks!that!they!are!not!best!placed!to!
manage.!!!
$
2.2!Incentive!theory
41
!
A!theory!related!to!the!insurance!theory,!as!the!rationale!for!providing!contractual!warranties,!is!the!
incentive!theory.!!Incentive!theory!operates!on!the!assumption!that,!as!manufacturers!are!bearing!
the!risk!of!their!product!failing!under!the!insurance!theory,!thereby!creating!a!contingent!liability,!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
39
!Francesco!Parisi,!“The!Harmonisation!of!Legal!Warranties!in!European!Sales!Law”!(Spring!2004)!52!American$Journal$of$
Comparative$Law!403-430.!
40
!See,!for!example,!the!work!of!Geoffrey!Heal!(1976)!“The!Demand!for!Products!of!Uncertain!Quality”,!in!Equilibrium$and$
Disequilibrium$in$Economic$Theory,!G.!Schwodiauer,!ed.!Dordrecht,!Holland:!Reidel!Corporation,!38-51;!(1977)!“Guarantees!
and!Risk!Sharing”!44(3)!Review$of$Economic$Studies!549-60.!!
41
!See,!for!example:!Russell!Cooper!and!Thomas!W.!Ross,!“Product!Warranties!and!Double!Moral!Hazard”!(1985)!52(3)!
RAND$Journal$of$Economics!103!–!113;!Nancy!A.!Lutz,!“Warranties!as!Signals!Under!Consumer!Moral!Hazard”!(1989)!20(2)!
RAND$Journal$of$Economics!239!–!55;!Nancy!A.!Lutz!and!V.!Padmanabhan,!“Why!Do!We!Observe!Minimal!Warranties?”!
14(4)!Marketing$Science!417!–!67;!G.!Priest,!“A!Theory!of!the!Consumer!Product!Warranty”!90(6)!Yale$Law$Journal!1297!–!
1352.!!
!
17!
this!in!turn!creates!an!incentive!for!manufacturers!to!invest!in!their!product!quality!so!as!to!minimise!
their!future!losses.!Given!the!history!of!battery!warranty!litigation,!this!theory!suggests!that!
manufacturers!of!residential!battery!storage!systems!should!invest!in!their!product!quality!so!as!to!
minimise!the!risk!of!warranty!claims!(and!any!associated!litigation).!!While!some!manufacturers!
appear!to!have!adopted!this!approach,!many!manufacturers!have!instead!sought!to!minimise!their!
liability!by!imposing!onerous!conditions!and!exclusions!on!their!contractual!warranties!and!relying!
on!purchasers!not!reading!their!warranty!contracts!prior!to!purchase.!!!
!
2.3!Market!signalling!theory
42
!
Market!signalling!theory!suggests!that!warranties!are!important!because!consumers!have!imperfect!
information
43
!and!thus!struggle!to!assess!the!quality,!performance!and!reliability!of!a!residential!
energy!storage!system!prior!to!purchase.!!In!providing!a!warranty,!the!manufacturer/retailer!uses!
the!warranty!as!a!proxy!to!send!a!signal!to!the!consumer!about!the!inherent!quality,!performance!
and!reliability!of!their!product!by!suggesting!that!the!risk!of!poor!product!performance!or!product!
failure!is!low.!!Joseph!Stiglitz!has!argued!that!the!use!of!warranties!in!this!way!can!also!lead!to!the!
accelerated!adoption!of!new!products,!such!as!residential!battery!storage!systems,!as!they!reduce!
the!risks!perceived!by!the!purchaser.
44
!!This!seems!to!be!the!case!even!when!we!know!anecdotally!
that!many!purchasers!do!not!read!their!warranty!contracts!and!instead!rely!on!the!seller!to!provide!
them!of!a!summary!of!the!warranty!offering!(which!may!or!may!not!be!accurate).!!Indeed,!a!survey!
by!the!U.S.!Department!of!Commerce!conducted!in!1992!found!that!one!in!two!consumers!used!
warranties!to!judge!product!quality!when!making!a!purchase!decision.
45
!Thus!while!contractual!
warranties!are!not!the!sole!signal!about!product!quality,!it!does!mean!that!they!operate!as!a!
persuasive!sales!variable.
46
!It!also!highlights!the!importance!of!purchasers!understanding!what!the!
warranty!contract!actually!states!rather!than!relying!on!the!seller’s!marketing!pitch!on!the!warranty,!
which!will!almost!invariably!fail!to!mention!the!warranty!conditions,!limitations!and!exclusions.!!!
!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
42
!See,!for!example:!S.!Balachander,!“Warranty!Signalling!and!Reputation”!(2001)!47(9)!Management$Science!1282!–!89;!
Leon!Courville!and!Warren!H!Hausman,!“Warranty!Scope!and!Reliability!Under!Imperfect!Information!and!Alternative!
Market!Structures”!(1979)!52(3)!Journal$of$Business!361!–!78;!Esther!Gal-Or,!“Warranties!as!a!Signal!of!Quality”!(1989)!
22(1)!Canadian$Journal$of$Economics$50!–!61;!Sanford!J.!Grossman,!“The!Informational!Role!of!Warranties!and!Private!
Disclosure!About!Product!Quality”!(1981)!24(3)!Journal$of$Law$and$Economics!461!–!83;!Michael!Spence,!“Consumer!
Misperceptions,!Product!Failure!and!Producer!Liability”!(1977)!44(3)!Review$of$Economic$Studies!561!–!72;!Nancy!A.!Lutz,!
“Warranties!as!Signals!Under!Consumer!Moral!Hazard”!(1989)!20(2)!RAND$Journal$of$Economics!239!–!55.!
43
!See!Joseph!E.!Stiglitz,!“Imperfect!Information!in!the!Product!Market”!in!R.!Schmalensee!and!R.!Willig!(eds)!Handbook$of$
Industrial$Organisation!(Elsevier,!1989)!89!–!847.!!
44
!Ibid.!!
45
!United!States!Department!of!Commerce,!Product$Warranties$and$Servicing:$Responsive$Business$Approach$to$Consumer$
Needs$(1992)!Washington!D.C.,!1.!
46
!C.L.!Kendall!and!Frederick!A.!Russ,!“Warranty!and!Complaint!Policies:!An!Opportunity!for!Marketing!Management”!(April!
1975)!39!Journal$of$Marketing!36!–!43.!!
!
18!
!
2.4!Sorting!theory
47
!
Consumers!are!not!homogenous,!especially!not!in!their!perceptions!of!quality!and!the!associated!
levels!of!risk!aversion.!!However,!these!individual!consumer!perceptions!may!not!be!easily!
discernible!to!manufacturers!and!retailers!and!thus!previous!research!has!highlighted!that!
warranties!can!play!an!important!role!in!segmenting!the!market!for!high-end!consumer!goods.!In!
particular,!sorting!theory!suggests!that!when!choosing!between!competing!products,!purchasers!
who!are!risk!averse!may!seek!to!buy!a!residential!energy!storage!system!that!offers!a!longer!
warranty!period,!or!better!warranty!coverage.!Alternatively,!consumers!may!be!able!to!purchase!an!
identical!residential!energy!storage!system!but!then!choose!to!pay!more!to!get!an!extended!
warranty!period!or!enhanced!warranty!protections.!
!
In!the!context!of!the!Australian!residential!energy!storage!market,!it!appears!that!the!major!role!of!
contractual!warranties!is!to!act!as!a!persuasive!marketing!tool!to!signal!product!quality,!
performance!and!reliability.
48
!!Further,!they!also!appear!to!provide!purchasers!with!a!limited!degree!
of!insurance!against!products!failure.!!!
!
!
!
!
!
! !
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
47
!V.!Padmanabhan!and!Ram!C.!Rao,!“Warranty!Policy!and!Extended!Service!Contracts:!Theory!and!an!Application!to!
Automobiles”!(1993)!12(3)!Marketing$Science!230!–!247;!Yuji!Kubo,!“Quality!Uncertainty!and!Guarantee:!A!Case!of!
Strategic!Market!Segmentation!by!a!Monopolist”!(1986)!30(5)!European$Economic$Review!1063!–!10979;!Steven!Matthews!
and!John!Moore,!“Monopoly!Provision!and!Quality!and!Warranties:!An!Exploration!in!the!Theory!of!Multidimensional!
Screening”!(1987)!55(2)$Econometrica!441!–!67.!!
48
!S.!Balachander,!“Warranty!Signalling!and!Reputation”!(2001)!47(9)!Management$Science!1282!–!89;!Leon!Courville!and!
Warren!H.!Hausman,!“Warranty!Scope!and!Reliability!Under!Imperfect!Information!and!Alternative!Market!Structures”!
(1979)!52(3)!Journal$of$Business!361!–!78;!Esther!Gal-Or,!“Warranties!as!a!Signal!of!Quality”!(1989)!22(1)!Canadian$Journal$
of$Economics$50!–!61;!Sanford!J.!Grossman,!“The!Informational!Role!of!Warranties!and!Private!Disclosure!About!Product!
Quality”!(1981)!24(3)!Journal$of$Law$and$Economics!461!–!83;!Michael!Spence,!“Consumer!Misperceptions,!Product!Failure!
and!Producer!Liability”!(1977)!44(3)!Review$of$Economic$Studies!561!–!72;!Nancy!A.!Lutz,!“Warranties!as!Signals!Under!
Consumer!Moral!Hazard”!(1989)!20(2)!RAND$Journal$of$Economics!239!–!55.!
!
19!
3.!Critical!analysis!of!the!contractual!warranties!offered!to!purchasers!of!residential!battery!
storage!systems!in!the!Australian!market!
!
This!research!has!analysed!the!warranties!offered!by!14!different!manufacturers!covering!31!
residential!battery!storage!systems!that!are!available!in!the!Australian!market.!!These!warranties!
were!collected!from!a!variety!of!sources!including!from!the!websites!of!manufacturers,!suppliers!and!
retailers;!from!solar!and!storage!comparator!websites!such!as!Solarquotes.com.au;!and!via!a!direct!
collection!process!from!manufacturers!and!suppliers.!!These!contractual!warranties!were!analysed!
for!a!number!of!key!discriminators,!including!the!duration!of!the!warranty,!coverage!of!the!
warranty,!warranty!conditions,!warranty!exclusions,!the!available!remedies!under!the!warranty,!and!
whether!transfer!of!the!warranty!was!permitted!to!a!subsequent!owner!of!the!energy!storage!
system.!!This!analysis!further!examined!what!the!relevant!governing!law!of!the!warranty!was,!
whether!the!warranty!document!acknowledged!the!existence!of!statutory!rights!under!the!
Australian!Consumer!Law!(‘ACL’),!and!whether!there!were!limitations!placed!on!the!application!of!
the!ACL,!common!law!or!other!statutory!rights!or!damages.!Each!of!these!discriminators!was!also!
compared!to!some!of!the!product!features!of!the!battery!such!as!the!battery!chemistry,!total!and!
usable!battery!capacity,!depth!of!discharge,!operating!and!ambient!temperatures!the!system!can!be!
subjected!to!and!whether!the!product!was!stated!to!comply!with!international!standards.!The!
results!from!this!research!have!been!evaluated!to!identify!what!the!current!market!standard!is!
within!the!Australian!residential!energy!storage!market!and!to!identify!best!practice.!!!
!
The!individual!results!of!this!analysis!are!organised!by!manufacturer!in!Appendix!1.!
!
! !
!
20!
3.1!Product!features!of!residential!battery!storage!systems!
3.1.1!Battery!chemistry!
The!residential!battery!storage!systems!studied!in!this!research!were!predominantly!lithium!ion!
batteries,!reflecting!the!mix!of!batteries!commonly!used!in!such!systems!in!the!Australian!market.!!
While!the!term!“lithium!ion”!is!often!used!as!a!generic!descriptor,!the!battery!chemistries!can!vary!
considerably.!Of!the!31!systems!studied,!19!batteries!used!lithium!iron!phosphate!(LiFePO
4
)!as!their!
active!materials,!6!used!lithium!nickel!manganese!cobalt!oxide!(LiNiMnCoO
2
,!also!commonly!
referred!to!as!‘NMC’!within!the!sector),!2!used!lithium!manganese!oxide!(LiMn
2
O
4
),!while!one!
battery!was!a!zinc!bromide!!(ZnBr
2,!
also!commonly!referred!to!as!‘ZBM”!within!the!sector)!flow!
battery.!!!
!
3.1.2!Total!and!nominal!battery!capacity!
Their!battery!sizes!also!ranged!from!having!a!total!capacity!of!1.2kWh!for!the!Enphase!Energy!AC!
Batteries,!in!the!context!of!a!singular!modular!battery!that!was!designed!to!be!used!in!a!scalable!
system,!to!16kWh,!for!the!sonnenBatteries.!!All!but!four!of!the!batteries!stated!that!their!usable!
capacity!was!less!than!their!advertised!total!capacity,!which!is!something!for!consumers!to!be!aware!
of!when!making!purchasing!decisions.!!!
!
3.1.3!Depth!of!discharge!and!cycle!life!
Most!batteries!experience!battery!capacity!degradation!over!the!lifespan!of!the!battery,!this!means!
that!over!time!as!a!battery!gets!charged!and!discharged!their!ability!to!effectively!store!energy!
reduces.
49
!!As!a!result,!two!critical!features!of!any!residential!energy!storage!system!are!going!to!be!
the!depth!of!discharge,!which!‘describes!the!degree!to!which!a!battery!is!emptied!relative!to!its!total!
capacity,’
50
!and!the!number!of!discharge/recharge!cycles.!!These!are!often!represented!as![X]!
number!of!cycles!at![Y]%!depth!of!discharge.!Out!of!the!batteries!studied!in!this!research,!the!
leading!battery!in!the!Australian!residential!energy!storage!market!in!terms!of!depth!of!discharge!
and!cycle!life!is!the!sonnenBatterie,!which!claims!to!have!a!cycle!life!of!10,000!cycles!at!100%!depth!
of!discharge.!!At!the!other!end!of!the!scale!are!the!E-KwBeNC/S!batteries!from!GCL!Systems,!which!
only!claim!to!have!a!cycle!life!of!2,555!cycles!at!100%!depth!of!discharge.!!However,!these!figures!
need!to!be!checked!closely!as!some!manufacturers!advertise!their!battery!life!cycles!using!lower!
rates!for!the!depth!of!discharge,!with!three!manufacturers!using!rates!as!low!as!80%!for!their!depth!
of!discharge,!which!should!extend!the!nominal!cycle!life!of!the!battery.!!This!makes!the!act!of!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
49
!Isidor!Buchmann,!BU-802:$What$Causes$Capacity$Loss?!(3!July!2016)!Battery!University!
http://batteryuniversity.com/learn/article/capacity_loss!!
50
!James!Martin!II,!Why$depth$of$discharge$matters$in$solar$battery$storage$system$selection!(23!November!2016)!Solar!
Choice!
https://www.solarchoice.net.au/blog/depth-of-discharge-for-solar-battery-storage!!
!
21!
comparing!the!technical!data!specifications!supplied!by!manufacturers!difficult!for!consumers.!!This!
is!made!more!difficult!due!to!the!lack!of!independently!verified!comparisons!available!for!the!
batteries!sold!into!the!Australian!market.!!!
!
3.1.4!!Climatic!conditions!for!the!operation!and!storage!of!the!battery!
As!explained!above,!a!particular!concern!in!the!context!of!the!Australian!residential!energy!storage!
market!is!whether!the!systems!currently!being!imported!into!the!Australian!market!are!fit!for!
purpose!given!the!challenging!climatic!conditions.!There!are!currently!batteries!being!sold!into!the!
commercial!storage!market!in!Australia!whose!warranties!will!be!voided!if!the!average!annual!
ambient!temperature!surrounding!the!battery!is!26
o
C!or!more.!This!is!because!batteries!operate!less!
efficiently!in!high!heat!and!humidity,!thereby!reducing!their!lifespan.!!Given!that!some!areas!of!
Sydney!already!have!a!record!highest!annual!mean!daily!temperature!of!over!25.4
o
C,!this!is!likely!to!
be!a!growing!problem!for!consumers,!especially!those!in!Central!and!Northern!Australia.!!!Indeed,!
many!market!participants!have!noted!that!this!is!a!particular!problem!that!they!face!in!trying!to!find!
suitable!commercial!energy!storage!systems.!!!
!
In!the!context!of!the!residential!battery!storage!systems,!every!manufacturer!specified!temperature!
ranges!in!either!their!operating!manual!or!their!warranty!document.!!While!the!residential!battery!
storage!systems!studied!had!wider!temperature!ranges!than!some!of!the!commercial!systems!that!
are!available,!there!was!still!significant!variability!as!shown!in!Table!2!(below).!!!For!example!the!
range!of!minimum!operating!temperatures!varied!by!some!35
o
C!!(from!-20
o
C!to!15
o
C)!depending!on!
the!manufacturer,!while!the!maximum!operating!temperature!also!varied!considerably!between!
35
o
C
51
!and!65
o
C.!!!Some!manufacturers!also!specified!a!humidity!range.!!If!a!consumer!operates!their!
residential!energy!storage!system!outside!of!these!ranges,!or!stores!the!system!in!ambient!
temperatures!higher!than!the!permissible!range!then!in!the!majority!of!cases!this!will!void!the!
warranty.!!Alternatively,!the!warranty!period!for!battery!capacity!may!be!reduced,!for!example,!if!
you!use!the!SimpliPhi!Power!batteries!in!temperatures!between!43.1oC!and!49oC,!your!warranted!
battery!cycle!life!is!halved.!!!
!
A!further!concern!in!this!respect!is!that!some!manufacturers!are!advertising!wider!temperature!
ranges!in!their!technical!data!specification!sheets!than!in!their!warranty!documents,!which!may!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
51
!A!temperature!that!would!be!challenging!in!the!Australian!context,!with!Sydney’s!temperature!already!exceeding!35
o
C!
on!more!than!9!occasions!already!in!2017:!Raveen!Hunjan,!“Summer!heat!records!smashed!in!Sydney!and!regional!NSW”,!
ABC$News!(online),!31!January!2017!
http://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-01-31/hottest-summer-ever-and-it-is-only-
january/8225840.!!
!
22!
mislead!or!deceive!consumers!into!believing!that!some!systems!are!suitable!for!their!purposes!when!
in!fact!they!are!not.!!!
!
Table!2:!Climatic!conditions!for!residential!energy!storage!system!by!battery!manufacturer/!
supplier!
Battery!
manufacturer/supplier!
Min!operating!
temp.!(
o
C)!!
Max!
operating!
temp.!!(
o
C)!
Min!
ambient!
temp.!!(
o
C)!
Max!
ambient!
temp.!
Humidity!
BYD!Lithium!Battery!
Co.!Ltd!
0!
50!
-10!
40!
-!
Deep!Cycle!Systems!
Pty!Ltd!
-5!
65!
-20!
65!
-!
Enphase!Energy,!Inc!
-!
Note!that!
different!
capacity!
warranties!
are!
applicable!
depending!
on!whether!
the!average!
annual!
internal!AC!
Battery!
temperature!
is!below!
28
o
C!or!
between!
28
o
C!and!
37
o
C.!!!
-!
Average!
internal!
temp.!
must!not!
exceed!
37oC!in!
any!one!
year!
period.!
!
Ambient!
temp.!
cannot!
exceed!
55oC!for!
24!hours!
or!more.!
!
Ambient!
temp.!
cannot!
exceed!
60oC!for!1!
hour.!
!
Ambient!
temp.!of!
70oC!at!
any!time.!
-!
Fronius!
5!
35!
-40!
65!
95%!(non!
condensing)!
GCL!Systems!
Integration!Technology!
Co.,!Ltd!
0!
45!
-!
50!
25!–!95%!
LG!Chem,!Ltd!
-10!
45!
-!
-!
-!
!
23!
Battery!
manufacturer/supplier!
Min!operating!
temp.!(
o
C)!!
Max!
operating!
temp.!!(
o
C)!
Min!
ambient!
temp.!!(
o
C)!
Max!
ambient!
temp.!
Humidity!
Pylon!Tech!
-10!
50!
-!
-!
-!
Redflow!
15!
50!
-!
-!
-!
Samsung!SDI!
-10!
40!
-20!
60!
95%!(non!
condensing)!
!
SimpliPhi!Power,!Inc!
-50!for!5000!
cycles!
0!for!10,000!
cycles!
49!for!5000!
cycles!
43!for!
10,000!
-!
-!
!
Sonnen!Australia!Pty!
Ltd!
5!
40!
-!
-!
-!
Sunverge!Energy!
Australia!Pty!Ltd!
-20!
50!
-!
-!
-!
Tesla!Motors!
Netherlands!B.V.!
-20!
50!
-30!
60!
Up!to!100%!
(condensing)!
TrinaBEST!
!
0!
40!
-!
50!
-!
!!
!
Key!questions!for!consumers!about!whether!the!battery!is!fit!for!purpose!for!their!climatic!
conditions!
!
What!are!the!minimum,!average!and!maximum!ambient!temperatures!in!the!area!in!which!I!am!
proposing!to!install!the!battery?!
!
What!are!the!minimum,!average!and!maximum!operating!temperatures!likely!to!be!in!the!area!in!
which!I!am!proposing!to!install!the!battery?!
!
Will!I!need!to!take!steps!such!as!using!installation!or!automatic!shutdown!to!prevent!the!residential!
energy!storage!system!being!exposed!to!extremes!of!temperature!or!humidity!that!would!void!or!
limit!my!warranty?!
!
Are!there!other!requirements!such!as!the!need!for!ventilation!or!the!draft!Australian!Standard,!
which!requires!installation!on!the!exterior!of!a!property,!which!may!not!only!limit!where!I!can!
physically!site!my!battery!system!but!may!also!impact!on!the!local!climate!to!which!the!system!is!
exposed?!
! !
!
24!
3.2!Warranty!period!!
Most!of!the!batteries!studied!had!a!warranty!document!that!had!been!drafted!in!the!past!12!
months,!suggesting!that!this!is!an!area!of!rapid!change.!!Amongst!the!warranties!studied,!the!market!
standard!for!the!warranty!period!was!10!years!for!a!limited!warranty.!!Consumers!need!to!be!careful!
though!about!the!date!that!the!warranty!period!starts!from.!!As!shown!in!Table!3!below,!there!is!a!
divergence!of!practice!amongst!the!sector!with!different!manufacturers/!suppliers!commencing!
their!warranty!period!on:!
• the!date!of!manufacture;!!
• the!date!of!invoice;!!
• the!date!of!dispatch!from!the!factory;!!
• the!date!of!delivery;!
• the!date!6!months!from!the!date!of!manufacture!of!the!battery;!
• the!date!of!installation;!or!
• the!date!of!system!registration.!!!
These!differing!start!dates!may!significantly!affect!the!length!of!the!warranty!period.!!If!the!warranty!
period!runs!from!the!date!of!manufacture,!date!of!invoice,!date!of!dispatch!from!the!factory,!date!of!
delivery!or!even!6!months!from!the!date!of!manufacture!of!the!battery,!all!of!these!could!be!several!
months!before!the!system!is!installed!and!able!to!be!enjoyed!by!the!consumer.!!It!also!passes!the!
risk!of!a!delay!in!transportation!between!a!foreign!factory!and!the!Australian!installer!onto!the!end!
consumer,!who!is!not!in!a!position!to!be!able!to!mitigate!or!manage!this!risk!but!who!nonetheless!
remains!out!of!pocket!for!the!system,!which!they!have!paid!for,!and!also!suffers!from!a!diminishing!
warranty!period.!!Consumers!thus!need!to!ensure!that!they!find!out!the!applicable!lead!times!from!
their!battery!manufacturer,!supplier!and!installer!and!where!possible,!should!not!agree!to!the!
warranty!period!starting!on!any!date!other!than!the!date!of!installation!or!system!registration.!!!
!
There!are!two!further!issues!with!the!warranty!period!for!residential!battery!storage!systems!that!
consumers!need!to!be!aware!of.!!First,!they!need!to!check!if!the!warranty!period!only!applies!to!the!
battery!or!whether!it!applies!to!all!of!the!components!of!the!residential!energy!storage!system.!!
Often,!other!embedded!componentry!within!the!system!may!have!different!applicable!warranty!
periods,!which!is!something!to!consider!prior!to!purchase.!!Secondly,!consumers!need!to!consider!
how!they!are!likely!to!use!the!residential!energy!storage!system!in!light!of!their!domestic!energy!
generation!and!usage!profile!and!then!check!to!see!whether!that!its!likely!to!affect!the!
discharge/recharge!cycle!of!the!battery.!!As!shown!in!Table!3,!a!number!of!manufacturers!will!end!
the!warranty!period!early!once!a!specified!number!of!cycles!(either!complete!discharge!cycles!or!
!
25!
pro-rated)!or!specified!amount!of!energy!has!been!delivered.!!Depending!on!the!likely!usage!pattern!
of!the!battery,!this!could!have!a!significant!impact!on!the!length!of!the!warranty!available!to!the!
consumer.!!
!
Table!3:!The!warranty!period!and!applicable!start!date!by!battery!manufacturer/supplier!
Battery!
manufacturer/supplier!
Length!of!warranty!for!battery!
Start!date!
BYD!Lithium!Battery!Co.!
Ltd!
10!years!
Date!of!invoice!
Deep!Cycle!Systems!Pty!
Ltd!
10!years!
Date!of!invoice!
Enphase!Energy,!Inc!
10!years!or!7,3000!fully!discharged!
cycles!(whichever!is!earlier)!
Earlier!of!6!months!from!the!
date!of!manufacture!OR!the!
date!of!installation!
Fronius!
2!years!(if!product!registered!online!
with!Fronius!and!have!a!regular!
internet!connection,!warranty!period!
can!be!extended!to!5!years!for!the!
defects!warranty!and!a!15!year!
capacity!guarantee)!!
!
Warranty!extensions!also!available!for!
purchase!from!installers.!
Date!of!dispatch!from!the!
Fronius!factory!
!
Note:!inconsistent!end!date!–!
which!is!2!years!or!15!years!
after!the!purchase!date.!!
!
GCL!Systems!Integration!
Technology!Co.,!Ltd!
7!years!!
Date!of!invoice!
LG!Chem,!Ltd!
10!years!
Date!of!installation!
Pylon!Tech!
5!years!(if!unregistered)!
10!years!(if!registered)!
Earlier!of!6!months!from!the!
date!of!manufacture!OR!the!
system!registration!date!
Redflow!
12!months!(defects)!
10!years!or!36,5000!kWh!of!energy!
delivered,!(whichever!is!earlier)!
(performance)!
!
Date!of!delivery!
!
26!
Battery!
manufacturer/supplier!
Length!of!warranty!for!battery!
Start!date!
Samsung!SDI!
5!years!
Date!of!installation!or!if!the!
customer!cannot!show!proof!
of!the!date!of!installation!
then!they!will!use!the!
manufacturing!date!
SimpliPhi!Power,!Inc!
10!years!or!10,000!cycles!(pro-rated)!
(whichever!is!earlier)!
Date!of!purchase!
Sonnen!Australia!Pty!Ltd!
10!years!or!10,000!complete!recharge!
cycles!(whichever!is!earlier)!
Date!of!installation!
Sunverge!Energy!Australia!
Pty!Ltd!
10!years!
Date!of!installation!
Tesla!Motors!Netherlands!
B.V.!
10!years!!
Date!of!installation!
TrinaBEST!
10!years!or!minimum!energy!
throughput!and!capacity!specifications!
(whichever!is!earlier)!!
Date!of!invoice!
!
!
!
!
!
! !
!
27!
Key!questions!for!consumers!when!considering!the!warranty!period!
!
What!is!the!applicable!warranty!period?!!
!
Does!the!entirety!of!the!battery!storage!system!have!the!same!warranty!period!or!do!different!
components!have!different!warranty!periods?!!
!
Does!the!warranty!period!run!from!the!date!of!invoice!or!the!date!of!installation!or!some!other!start!
date!for!the!residential!energy!storage!system?!!!
!
What!happens!if!there!is!a!delay!in!installation!outside!of!the!customer’s!control?!!!
!
What!are!the!average!market!lead!times!between!invoicing!and!installation?!
!
What!is!the!lead-time!between!manufacture,!invoicing,!factory!dispatch!and!installation!for!your!
battery!manufacturer/supplier?!
!
If!you!charge!and!discharge!your!residential!energy!storage!system!more!than!once!per!day!on!
average!over!the!warranty!period,!does!this!lead!to!a!reduction!in!the!applicable!warranty!period?!
!
!
!
!
! !
!
28!
3.3!Warranty!coverage!
A!critical!area!for!any!analysis!of!the!warranties!offered!for!residential!battery!storage!systems!is!
what!is!actually!covered!by!the!warranty.!!Traditionally,!the!contractual!warranties!for!lithium!ion!
batteries!did!not!cover!any!abnormal!degradation!of!the!battery!capacity!that!might!have!affected!
the!performance!of!the!battery.!!Instead,!they!would!generally!cover!defects!in!workmanship!or!
materials!that!led!to!a!total!failure!of!the!battery!and!would!stipulate!that!the!battery!conformed!to!
the!specifications!in!the!product!datasheet.!!This!was!particularly!problematic!when!manufacturers!
or!suppliers!would!use!terms!in!the!warranty!documents!such!as!“defect”!or!“malfunction”!that!
were!not!otherwise!defined.!!When!this!happens,!it!leaves!the!manufacturer!as!a!sole!determiner!of!
whether!something!meets!its!unpublished!internal!definition!of!"defective"!or!"malfunctioning".
52
!!!
!
In!recent!years,!the!extent!of!the!coverage!of!the!warranties!offered!has!begun!to!shift,!with!most!
manufacturers!now!providing!a!capacity!warranty!over!the!warranted!life!of!the!battery!(sometimes!
also!called!the!‘performance!warranty’).
53
!!As!stated!above,!a!feature!of!lithium!ion!batteries!is!that!
after!repeated!charge!and!discharge!cycles,!their!ability!to!store!energy!diminishes!over!time.
54
!!As!
such,!consumers!should!not!expect!that!most!batteries!are!capable!of!providing!the!same!volume!of!
energy!storage!at!the!end!of!the!warranty!period!that!they!are!able!to!store!at!the!start!of!the!
warranty!period.!!!!
!
Among!the!warranties!studied!there!was!variation!in!the!amount!of!capacity,!which!the!
manufacturers/suppliers!were!willing!to!warrant!retention!of!at!the!end!of!the!warranty!period.!!
Deep!Cycle!Systems!and!Pylontech!offered!the!best!warranties!in!this!regard!promising!that!their!
batteries!would!retain!at!least!80%!of!the!their!Nominal!Energy!for!10!years!if!they!were!used!in!
accordance!with!their!product!manuals.
55
!Enphase!also!provided!a!similar!battery!capacity!retention!
warranty!but!only!if!the!average!annual!internal!temperature!of!the!AC!battery!was!below!28
o
C.
56
!!!
Redflow!warranted!the!performance!of!their!ZMB2!product!for!a!period!of!10!years!but!did!not!
stipulate!what!the!performance!standard!that!they!were!using!was!in!their!warranty!document.!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
52
!Vired99,!“Model!S!–!Charging!less!already?”!on!Tesla$Motors$Forum!(17!July!2013)!!!
!
https://forums.teslamotors.com/forum/forums/model-s-charging-less-already!
53
!Melvin!Eisenstadt,!“Performance!warranties!for!residential!and!light!commercial!PV!systems”!(Nov/Dec!1981)!3!Solar$
Law$Reporter!607-658,!607.!Also!see,!for!example,!the!Powerwall’s!10!year,!3,650!cycle!performance!warrantee:!Horan!&!
Bird,!Battery$Storage$Systems$are$the$way$of$the$future!(2017)!
http://www.horanandbird.com.au/solar/battery-storage-
systems!!
54
!Isidor!Buchmann,!BU-802:$What$Causes$Capacity$Loss?!(3!July!2016)!Battery!University,!
http://batteryuniversity.com/learn/article/capacity_loss!
55
!Deep!Cycle!Systems!Pty!Ltd,!Performance$Warranty$for$the$DCS$PV$Series$energy$storage$units!(November!2016)!
SolarQuotes,!p.!1,!
http://www.solarquotes.com.au/blog/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/DCS-PV-Series_Warranty-1.pdf!
56
!Enphase!Energy!Inc,!AC$Battery$Limited$Warranty$–$Australia$and$New$Zealand!(1!August!2016)!p.!2,!
https://enphase.com/sites/default/files/AC-Battery-Limited-Warranty-AU-NZ.pdf!
!
29!
Consumers!considering!purchasing!a!product!with!an!unstated!performance!standard!should!always!
seek!clarification!of!this!point!from!the!manufacturer/supplier!in!advance!of!purchasing!their!
residential!energy!storage!system.!Fronius!guaranteed!a!minimum!capacity!of!68%!for!the!Sony!
battery!module!used!in!their!residential!energy!storage!system!would!be!retained!for!“up!to”!15!
years,!however!the!drafting!of!this!warranty!coverage!clause!was!ambiguous!with!it!not!being!clear!
what!would!happen!if!the!battery!failed!shortly!before!the!end!of!this!capacity!guarantee.
57
!!!Other!
manufacturers!would!only!warrant!their!batteries!to!significantly!lower!levels!of!capacity!retention,!
with!the!worst!capacity!warranties!only!committing!to!the!battery!retaining!60%!of!its!nominal!
capacity!at!the!end!of!the!warranty!period.!!Note!that!for!some!of!the!capacity!retention!warranties!
to!be!maintained!over!the!life!of!the!product!some!manufacturers/suppliers!such!as!DCS,!GCL,!
Redflow!and!Samsung!stipulate!that!the!customers!must!exclusively!use!their!authorised!service!
agents!or!the!original!installer!for!service!and!maintenance.!
!
A!further!issue!that!consumers!need!to!be!alive!to!is!whether!they!can!actually!access!their!own!data!
to!see!if!their!system!is!meeting!the!stipulated!performance!standard!or!not.!This!was!raised!as!an!
issue!in!the!context!of!electric!vehicles!in!the!NissanLEAF!class!actions.
58
!!In!that!case,!consumers!
alleged!that!they!were!not!advised!of!the!applicable!performance!standard!prior!to!purchasing!the!
vehicle!and!then!were!unable!to!access!their!own!data!to!see!if!their!car!battery!was!meeting!the!
standard!or!not.!!A!number!of!consumers!took!to!installing!a!non-Nissan!endorsed!app!using!the!USB!
portal!in!their!cars!as!a!means!of!recording!and!storing!their!battery!performance!data!in!order!to!
able!to!collect!the!data!for!themselves.!!This!led!to!Nissan!amending!the!warranty!to!state!that!the!
use!of!any!non-Nissan!app!would!void!their!warranty.
59
!It!is!imperative!that!consumers!be!able!to!
access!their!own!data!to!assess!whether!it!is!appropriate!to!make!a!warranty!claim!in!the!context!of!
poor!capacity!retention,!especially!as!some!manufacturers!will!charge!consumers!for!transportation,!
investigation!and!servicing!costs!where!the!battery!is!found!to!be!operating!at!an!acceptable!level.!!!
!
! !
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
57
!Fronius,!Warranty$Conditions$for$Fronius$Inverters$and$the$Fronius$Datamanager$(1!January!2017)!p.3,!
http://www.fronius.com/cps/rde/xbcr/SID-706ACDA5-
4E4F1C25/fronius_international/SE_TOW_EN_AU_55_0117_411519_snapshot.pdf!!
58
!Above!n!18-19.!
59
!Francesca!Svarcas,!“Turning!a!new!LEAF:!A!privacy!analysis!of!carwings!and!electric!vehicle!data!collection!and!
transmission”!(2012)!29!Santa$Clara$Computer$&$High$Technology$Law$Journal!165-197!
!
30!
Key!questions!for!consumers!when!considering!the!warranty!coverage!
!
Is!there!a!warranty!for!manufacturing!defects,!or!poor!workmanship?!
!
Are!there!terms!used!in!the!warranty!such!as!“defect”!or!“malfunction”,!which!are!not!specifically!
defined!by!the!manufacturer?!!
!
Is!there!a!warranty!for!excessive!battery!degradation,!or!premature!loss!of!battery!capacity?!!
!
If!so,!what!counts!as!capacity,!is!it!the!total!capacity!of!the!battery!or!is!it!just!the!usable!capacity!of!
the!battery?!
!
Are!the!manufacturers!performance!standards!publicly!available!prior!to!purchase?!!
!
!Are!consumers!able!to!access!their!own!data!in!order!to!show!a!failure!of!their!battery!to!meet!the!
manufacturers!performance!standards?!
!
If!there!are!no!publicly!available!product!standards!prior!to!purchase,!what!does!this!mean!for!
performance!warranties?!
!
Are!there!restrictions!on!who!can!service!and!maintain!the!battery!in!order!for!the!capacity!
retention!warranty!to!be!maintained!over!the!warranty!period?!
!
!
!
!
! !
!
31!
3.4!Warranty!conditions!
Any!warranty!claim!will!be!subject!to!the!consumer!using!their!battery!in!accordance!with!the!
conditions!specified!in!the!warranty!document.!!Standard!conditions!in!the!warranties!studied!
included!that:!!
• the!battery!is!used!normally!and!subject!to!the!consumer!meeting!the!conditions!in!the!
product!installation!and!operation!manual!(including!optimal!operating!temperatures!and!
humidity!levels);!
• the!battery!be!registered!with!the!manufacturer!(normally!this!includes!providing!proof!of!
purchase!and!the!date!of!installation);!
• the!consumer!agree!to!using!the!telemetric!system!associated!with!the!product!and!
maintain!a!reliable!internet!connection!(including!making!any!software!updates!in!a!timely!
fashion);!
• the!battery!be!installed!by!an!installer!authorised!by!the!manufacturer/supplier;!
• the!use!and!storage!of!the!battery!be!subject!to!climatic!limits!(operating!and!ambient!
temperature!and!maximum!humidity!limits);!
• the!battery!must!have!a!legible!and!correct!serial!number;!
• the!inverter!used!in!the!residential!energy!storage!system!is!contained!on!the!a!list!of!
approved!inverters!!by!the!battery!manufacturer;!!
• in!the!event!of!a!warranty!claim,!the!consumer!has!a!limited!period!of!time!in!which!to!
report!the!defect!and!file!their!claim!in!accordance!with!the!specified!procedure!stated!in!
the!warranty!document.!
A!number!of!manufacturers/suppliers!also!specify!that!the!warranty!will!be!voided!if!the!battery!is!
not!installed!within!12!months!of!the!date!of!the!battery!manufacture.!!This!is!arguably!not!within!
the!control!of!the!individual!consumer!and!thus!this!risk!should!not!be!passed!to!consumers!in!the!
warranty!document.!!!
!
Some!of!the!more!unusual,!and!arguably!unreasonable,!conditions!placed!on!the!warranties!studied!
included:!
• BYD!Batteries:!“The!product!can!only!be!installed!and!operated!in!household!energy!storage!
applications!with!an!average!of!one!full!cycle!per!day.”
60
!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
60
!BYD!Lithium!Battery!Co!Ltd,!Warranty$Letter$for$BYD$Battery$Box$&$Battery$Plus$(B-Box$&$B-Plus$2.5/$5.0/$7.5/$10.0)!(14!
December!2016)!360Energy,!4.8!
https://www.360energy.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/B-
BOX_Product_Warranty_letter_20161214.pdf!!
!
!
32!
• Pylontech:!“Pylontech!should!be!informed!within!48!hours!via!email!to!calling![sic]!in!case!of!
any!products!problems!or!defects!that!should!be!claimed!for!warranty.”
61
!
• SimpliPhi!Power:!“In!the!event!you!rent!or!lease!the!SimpliPhi!Power!Product,!no!end-user!
purchase!takes!place;!therefore,!this!Limited!Warranty!does!not!apply!and!you!must!contact!
your!rental!or!leasing!company!to!determine!whether!Warranty!coverage!is!applicable.”
62
!
• TrinaBest:!“The!Limited!Warranty!is!conditional!on!the!following![…]!the!battery!is!never!
discharged!below!90%!of!its!remaining!capacity.”
63
!
!
!
Key!questions!for!consumers!when!considering!the!warranty!conditions!
!
What!conditions!have!to!be!met!in!order!to!invoke!a!warranty!claim?!!
!
Is!product!registration!required?!!
!
Is!a!reliable!connection!to!the!Internet!for!the!residential!energy!storage!system!a!warranty!
condition?!
!
Do!you!have!to!agree!to!automatic!software!updates!on!the!battery!system?!
!
Are!their!privacy!concerns!with!the!manufacturer!using!telematics!systems!to!remotely!collect!data!
on!an!individual’s!battery!use!management,!battery!charging!history,!battery!deterioration,!
electrical!system!functioning!and!software!version!information?!!!
!
Are!there!conditions!on!the!use!and!maintenance!of!the!battery!system?!!
!
What!is!the!applicable!time!period!to!notify!the!manufacturer/supplier!of!defects!and!file!a!claim?!
!
!
!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
61
!Pylon!Technologies!Co!Ltd,!Lithium-Iron$Phosphate$Battery$US2000B$Product$Manual!
http://www.s-power.cz/wp-
content/uploads/pylontech-us2000b-manual.pdf!
62
!SimpliPhi!Power,!Inc,!10$Year$Limited$Warranty:$PHI2.6,$PHI3.4!(6!September!2016)!DPA!Solar,!p.!2!
http://dpasolar.com.au/media/mconnect_uploadfiles/S/i/SimpliPhi%20Power%20Inc.%20Warranty.pdf!
63
!TrinaBEST,!Warranty:$Energy$Storage$System$for$Home:$PowerCube$2.0$–$V1.3,!p.!1!
http://img.en25.com/Web/MPowerAustralia/%7Bb9fe278c-9859-4b37-bda7-
9d286b228a3a%7D_TrinaBEST_Warranty_PowerCube_EN_V1.3.pdf!
!
33!
3.5!Warranty!exclusions!
All!of!the!warranties!studied!contained!an!extensive!list!of!exclusions.!!Table!4!contains!the!common!
exclusions!in!battery!warranties!by!manufacturer/supplier.!!This!table!highlights!that!common!
exclusions!include:!
• a!failure!to!operate!the!battery!in!accordance!with!the!installation/product!manual;!
• incorrect!installation;!
• misuse!or!abuse!of!the!battery;!
• negligence;!
• the!battery!being!subject!to!an!unsuitable!physical!environment;!
• the!battery!being!subject!to!a!force!majeure!event;!
• the!battery!being!subject!to!an!electrical!surge;!
• unauthorised!product!modification;!
• maintenance!being!carried!out!by!an!authorised!repairer;!or!
• damage!caused!during!shipping!or!transportation.!!
While!mitigating!or!managing!most!of!these!exclusions!is!arguably!within!the!remit!of!the!consumer,!
some!of!these!exclusions!are!better!managed!by!the!manufacturer,!such!as!damage!incurred!in!
shipping!or!transportation!prior!to!the!system!arriving!at!the!end!consumer.!!Another!example!
where!this!occurs!is!in!the!BYD!Battery!warranty,!which!states!that!an!exception!to!the!warranty!
occurs!for!“Defects!of!Products!arising!due!to!technology!update,!or!renewable!of!the!national!or!
regional!laws!or!regulations,”
64
!passing!unnecessary!risks!onto!consumers,!which!are!outside!of!their!
control.!!!
!
A!further!consideration!for!consumers!seeking!to!use!their!residential!energy!storage!system!to!go!
“off-grid”!is!that!both!Tesla!and!BYD!explicitly!exclude!the!use!of!their!batteries!for!life-support!
systems,!with!BYD!also!prohibiting!their!battery!from!being!used!to!assist!with!charging!
automotives.!!In!particular,!Tesla’s!warranty!states:
65
!
“Your!Powerwall!is!not!intended!for!use!as!a!primary!or!backup!power!source!for!life-
support!systems,!other!medical!equipment,!or!any!other!use!where!product!fate!could!lead!
to!injury!to!persons!or!loss!of!life!or!catastrophic!property!damage.!!To!the!extend!permitted!
by!law,!Tesla!disclaims!any!and!all!liability!arising!out!of!any!such!use!of!your!Powerwall.!!
Further,!Tesla!reserves!the!right!to!refuse!to!service!any!Powerwall!used!for!these!purposes!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
64
!BYD!Lithium!Battery!Co!Ltd,!Warranty$Letter$for$BYD$Battery$Box$&$Battery$Plus$(B-Box$&$B-Plus$2.5/$5.0/$7.5/$10.0)!(14!
December!2016)!360Energy,!6.11!
https://www.360energy.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/B-
BOX_Product_Warranty_letter_20161214.pdf!!
65
!Tesla!Motors!Netherlands!B.V.,!Tesla$Powerwall$Warranty$(Australia$and$New$Zealand)!(9!February!2017),!p.!4!
https://www.tesla.com/sites/default/files/pdfs/powerwall/Powerwall_2_AC_Warranty_AUS-NZ_1-0.pdf!
!
34!
and!disclaims!any!and!all!liability!arising!out!of!Tesla’s!service!or!refusal!to!service!your!
Powerwall!in!such!circumstances.”!
! !
!
35!
Table&4:&Common&exclusions&in&battery&warranties&by&manufacturer/supplier&cover&damage&or&defects&to&the&batteries&arising&from&
Company&
Misuse&or&abuse&
Incorrect&installation&
Faulty&wiring&or&incompatible&devices&
Unauthorised&product&modification&
Maintenance&by&unauthorised&personnel&
Force&majeure&event&
Failure&to&operate&in&accordance&with&
installation/product&manual&
Electrical&surges&or&network&defects&
Unsuitable&physical&environment&
Any&attempt&to&modify&the&lifespan&of&the&
battery&without&manufacturer’s&consent&
Use&of&incompatible&component/product&
Visual&imperfections&or&non-excessive&
noise,&vibrations&
Shipping&or&transportation&
Negligence&&
Any&other&incidental&or&consequential&
damages&
Animals&
Removal&from&original&location,&
reinstallation&
Normal&wear&and&tear&
BYD!Lithium!Battery!Co,!Ltd!
✓!
✓!
✓!
✓!
✓!
✓!
✓!
!
!
!
!
!
✓!
✓!
!
!
!
!
Deep!Cycle!Systems!Pty!Ltd!
✓!
✓!
!
!
!
✓!
✓!
✓!
✓!
!
!
!
✓!
!
✓!
!
!
✓!
Enphase!Energy,!Inc!
✓!
✓!
!
✓!
!
✓!
✓!
✓!
✓!
!
!
✓!
✓!
✓!
!
!
!
✓!
Fronius!
✓!
✓!
!
!
!
✓!
✓!
✓!
✓!
!
!
!
!
✓!
!
!
!
!
GCL!System!Integration!Technology!Co.,!Ltd!
!
✓!
!
✓!
✓!
✓!
✓!
!
✓!
!
!
!
✓!
!
!
!
✓!
!
LG!Chem,!Ltd!
!
✓!
✓!
✓!
✓!
✓!
✓!
✓!
!
!
✓!
!
✓!
!
!
!
!
!
Pylon!Tech!
✓!
✓!
✓!
✓!
!
✓!
✓!
✓!
✓!
✓!
✓!
!
✓!
✓!
!
!
✓!
!
Redflow!
✓!
✓!
✓!
✓!
✓!
✓!
✓!
✓!
✓!
!
!
✓!
✓!
!
!
!
!
✓!
Samsung!SDI!
✓!
✓!
✓!
✓!
!
✓!
✓!
✓!
✓!
✓!
✓!
!
✓!
✓!
!
!
!
!
SimpliPhi!Power,!Inc!!
✓!
✓!
✓!
✓!
✓!
✓!
✓!
✓!
✓!
!
✓!
✓!
✓!
✓!
!
!
!
✓!
!
36!
Company&
Misuse&or&abuse&
Incorrect&installation&
Faulty&wiring&or&incompatible&devices&
Unauthorised&product&modification&
Maintenance&by&unauthorised&personnel&
Force&majeure&event&
Failure&to&operate&in&accordance&with&
installation/product&manual&
Electrical&surges&or&network&defects&
Unsuitable&physical&environment&
Any&attempt&to&modify&the&lifespan&of&the&
battery&without&manufacturer’s&consent&
Use&of&incompatible&component/product&
Visual&imperfections&or&non-excessive&
noise,&vibrations&
Shipping&or&transportation&
Negligence&&
Any&other&incidental&or&consequential&
damages&
Animals&
Removal&from&original&location,&
reinstallation&
Normal&wear&and&tear&
Sonnen!Australia!Pty!Limited!
✓!
!
✓!
✓!
✓!
✓!
✓!
!
!
!
✓!
!
!
✓!
✓!
!
!
✓!
Sunverge!Energy!Australia!Pty!Ltd!
✓!
✓!
!
✓!
!
✓!
✓!
✓!
✓!
!
!
✓!
!
!
!
✓!
!
✓!
Tesla!Motors!Netherlands!B.V.!!
✓!
✓!
✓!
✓!
✓!
✓!
✓!
✓!
!
✓!
✓!
✓!
!
✓!
!
!
✓!
✓!
TrinaBEST!
(to!be!re-branded!as!Trina!BESS)!
✓!
✓!
!
✓!
✓!
✓!
✓!
✓!
✓!
!
!
!
✓!
✓!
!
!
!
✓!
&
&
&
!
37!
Key$questions$for$consumers$considering$warranty$exclusions$in$battery$warranties$$
!
What!are!the!events!that!will!void!your!warranty?!!
!
Can!the!terms!of!the!warranty!be!changed!at!any!time!at!the!sole!discretion!of!the!manufacturer,!
without!the!provision!of!notice!to!the!user?!!
$
$
$
$
$
$ $
!
38!
3.6$Remedies$available$under$the$warranty$
!
3.6.1$Repair$or$replace$at$the$sole$discretion$of$the$manufacturer/supplier$
There!is!a!clear!market!standard!that!has!emerged!in!terms!of!the!remedies!available!in!respect!of!a!
breach!of!both!the!workmanship/defects!warranty!and!the!capacity!retention/performance!
warranty.!!The!manufacturers/suppliers!will!generally!elect!at!their!sole!discretion!to!either!repair!or!
replace!the!faulty!product,!possibly!using!refurbished!products.!Further,!any!replacement!or!repair!
of!the!product!is!expressly!stated!not!to!lead!to!the!renewal!or!extension!of!the!warranty!period.!!!
Unlike!the!insurance!theory!of!contractual!warranties,
66
!in!the!context!of!the!residential!battery!
storage!systems,!even!the!process!of!replacing!or!repairing!a!faulty!or!defective!battery!is!likely!to!
impose!additional!costs!on!the!end!consumer.!!!
!
3.6.2$The$hidden$additional$costs$associated$with$repair$or$replacement$
Aside!from!the!lost!opportunity!costs!associated!with!not!having!a!working!energy!storage!system,!
some!manufacturers!such!as!Fronius,!Samsung!SDI,!SimplPhi!Power,!TrinaBest!have!explicitly!stated!
in!their!warranties!that!the!costs!associated!with!removing!and!shipping!the!defective!battery,!and!
installing!or!reinstalling!the!repaired!or!replacement!battery!are!to!be!borne!by!the!end!consumer!
and!not!the!manufacturer.!All!of!the!warranties!studied!were!also!silent!on!what!happens!to!the!
defective!battery!if!it!is!deemed!to!be!at!the!end!of!its!life!through!no!fault!of!the!consumer.!!Lead!
acid!battery!recycling!is!available!in!Australia!but!there!is!only!a!very!limited!domestic!recycling!
program!available!for!lithium!ion!batteries.
67
!!As!a!result,!it!would!appear!that!the!end-consumer!
would!also!be!legally!responsible!for!bearing!the!transportation!and!recycling!costs!associated!with!
the!safe!collection!and!transport!overseas!of!the!depleted!lithium!ion!batteries.!This!would!mean!
that!where!a!consumer!receives!a!faulty!or!defective!battery,!they!would!be!ultimately!responsible!
for!paying!the!transportation!and!recycling!costs!of!two!batteries!at!the!end!of!their!life.!!As!the!
energy!storage!industry!in!Australia!is!still!in!relative!infancy,!it!is!currently!difficult!to!predict!what!
the!added!financial!burden!of!this!would!be,!however,!as!lithium!ion!is!a!“controlled!substance”!for!
the!purposes!for!the!Hazardous!Waste!Act!it!is!not!inconceivable!that!the!costs!could!be!significant.
68
!!
!
$
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
66
!Above!n!40.!!
67
!Helen!Lewis!Research,!!"#$"%&'()##*+,'-./0%1#)#"./'+*2.+#!(3!August!2016)!Commonwealth!Department!of!the!
Environment,!p.!16!
http://www.environment.gov.au/system/files/resources/1ac8df29-bb6c-4db6-8254-
81fdba03491a/files/li-ion-battery-consultation-report.pdf!!
68
!Randell!Environment!Consulting,!3)0#*'1"#$"%&4"./'()##*+,'2+.5*-#"./0!(19!July!2016)!Commonwealth!Department!of!the!
Environment,!p.!2!
http://www.environment.gov.au/system/files/resources/dd827a0f-f9fa-4024-b1e0-
5b11c2c43748/files/waste-lithium-battery-projections.pdf!!
!
39!
3.6.3$Refunds$
The!standout!warranty!in!terms!of!best!practice!for!the!remedies!available!is!the!warranty!offered!by!
Redflow,!which!states!that!they!will!at!their!discretion!remedy!the!defect,!supply!a!replacement!
product!or!repay!the!purchase!price!of!the!defective!product.!!Redflow!is!the!only!manufacturer!
willing!to!refund!the!purchase!price!in!its!entirety.!!Some!manufacturers!such!as!Enphase,!GCL!
Systems,!LG!Chem,!will,!at!their!sole!discretion,!consider!providing!a!pro-rated!credit!or!refund!at!the!
current!value!of!the!product,!determined!by!applying!depreciation!formulas!to!the!purchase!price!of!
the!battery.!This!can!have!a!significant!impact!on!the!amount!of!the!refund!that!is!available!for!a!
faulty!product,!with!some!manufacturers!such!as!LG!Chem!and!Pylon!Tech!refunding!as!little!as!6-7%!
of!the!original!purchase!price!if!the!product!fails!at!the!7!year!mark!under!their!contractual!
warranty.!!This!would!be!a!clearly!insufficient!amount!to!enable!the!disaffected!consumer!to!replace!
their!battery.!!In!such!circumstances,!consumers!may!be!better!seeking!a!remedy!under!the!
statutory!consumer!guarantees!provided!by!the!Australian!Consumer!Law,!which!are!likely!to!
provide!higher!levels!of!compensation!than!the!contractual!warranties.!!
!
Key$questions$for$consumers$about$the$contractual$warranties$offered$
!
What!remedies!are!available!in!the!event!of!either!(a)!a!faulty!or!defective!warranty;!or!(b)!
unacceptable!degradation!of!the!battery!capacity?!
!
Are!these!remedies!at!the!election!of!the!consumer!or!at!the!sole!discretion!of!the!
manufacturer/supplier?!
!
Is!the!manufacturer!or!the!consumer!responsible!for!the!costs!associated!with!repairing!or!replacing!
the!battery!such!as!removal!of!the!faulty!battery,!shipping!costs,!installation!or!reinstallation!and!
recycling!at!end!of!life?!
!
If!there!is!a!refund!available!is!it!a!full!refund!of!the!purchase!price!or!is!it!the!depreciated!current!
cost!of!the!battery?!
!
!
!
!
!
!
40!
3.7$Warranty$transfer$permitted$to$subsequent$purchasers$
!
The!ability!to!transfer!the!rights!under!the!warranty!is!important!when!the!residential!energy!
storage!system!is!affixed!to!the!property!and!thus!is!likely!to!be!transferred!to!subsequent!
purchasers!if!the!property!is!sold!during!the!life!of!the!battery.!!Of!the!14!manufacturers/suppliers!
studied!for!this!research,!five!were!silent!on!the!issue,!three!outright!prohibited!transfers!of!the!
warranty!to!subsequent!purchasers!and!six!permitted!transfers!to!subsequent!purchasers!subject!to!
a!range!of!conditions.!!These!conditions!generally!included!that!the!battery!remain!installed!at!its!
original!installation!location!and!not!be!moved,!that!the!manufacturer/supplier!was!notified!of!the!
change!of!ownership!of!the!system!and!provided!their!prior!written!consent!to!the!transfer!of!the!
warranty.!!!
!
Key$questions$for$consumers$on$the$ability$to$transfer$the$warranty$rights$
!
Is!the!benefit!of!the!warranty!transferable!to!a!subsequent!purchaser!for!value?!
!
Is!the!benefit!of!the!warranty!transferable!to!another!person!if!the!residential!energy!storage!system!
is!transferred!as!a!gift!within!the!warranty!period?!
!
Does!the!residential!energy!storage!system!have!to!be!installed!at!the!original!installation!location!
for!the!entirety!of!the!warranty!period!or!can!it!be!reinstalled!at!another!location!and!still!benefit!
from!the!warranty?!
!
!
! !
!
41!
3.8$$Limitations$imposed$on$the$application$of$other$common$law$or$statutory$rights$and$damages$
!
All!contractual!warranties!are!provided!in!addition!to!other!common!law!or!statutory!rights!such!as!
the!Australian!Consumer!Law!(ACL)
67
!and!state!government!laws!such!as!the!8)1*'.9':..;0'<-#'=7>?'
@A83B!(both!discussed!in!greater!detail!at!4!below).!!While!common!law!rights!such!as!the!ability!to!
bring!a!claim!in!negligence!may!be!able!to!be!excluded!under!contract,!often!these!statutory!rights!
cannot!be!contracted!out!of!in!order!to!protect!consumers.!!Since!1!January!2012,!it!is!a!legal!
requirement!if!you!provide!a!warranty!against!defects!for!consumers!that!your!contractual!warranty!
complies!with!the!Australian!Consumer!Law!and!explicitly!states!that!the!contractual!warranty!is!
provided!in!additional!to!the!consumer!guarantees!provided!in!the!ACL!and!does!not!limit!or!exclude!
their!application.
70
!!This!means!that!regardless!of!what!is!stated!in!the!warranty!document,!in!the!
event!of!a!“major!failure”
71
!the!consumer!is!entitled!to!a!replacement!or!refund,!and!compensation!
for!any!other!reasonably!foreseeable!loss!or!damages.!
!
The!ACL!also!mandates!that!if!a!manufacturer!is!providing!a!written!warranty!against!defects!that!
the!warranty!must!be!drafted!in!plain!English!and!provided!when!the!consumer!purchases!their!
residential!energy!storage!system.
72
!!The!ACL!further!provides!requirements!that!the!warranty!
documents!have!information!consistent!with!the!marketing!materials!associated!with!the!product,!
such!as!the!technical!data!specification!sheets,!and!that!the!mandatory!text!specified!in!the!ACL!is!
provided.!!!This!text!specifies!that:!
“Our!goods!come!with!guarantees!that!cannot!be!excluded!under!the!Australian!Consumer!
Law.!You!are!entitled!to!a!replacement!or!refund!for!a!major!failure!and!compensation!for!
any!other!reasonably!foreseeable!loss!or!damage.!You!are!also!entitled!to!have!the!goods!
repaired!or!replaced!if!the!goods!fail!to!be!of!acceptable!quality!and!the!failure!does!not!
amount!to!a!major!failure.”
73
!!
!
A!failure!to!display!this!text!in!the!warranty!document!or!otherwise!attached!to!the!product!may!
lead!to!a!substantial!fine!of!$50,000!per!offence!for!a!body!corporate!and!$10,000!per!offence!for!a!
non-body!corporate.
74
!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
69
!Australian!Consumer!Law,!contained!in!Schedule!2!of!the!C.&2*#"#"./')/;'C./0%&*+'<-#'>D=D'@C#$BE!
70
!Australian!Competition!and!Consumer!Commission,!3)++)/#"*0')F)"/0#';*9*-#0'
https://www.accc.gov.au/business/treating-customers-fairly/offering-warranties/warranties-against-defects!!
71
!ss!260,!268!of!the!Australian!Consumer!Law,!Schedule!2!of!the!C.&2*#"#"./')/;'C./0%&*+'<-#'>D=D'@C#$B!
72
!ACCC,!3)++)/#"*0')F)"/0#';*9*-#0!
https://www.accc.gov.au/business/treating-customers-fairly/offering-
warranties/warranties-against-defects!
73
!ACCC,!3)++)/#"*0')F)"/0#';*9*-#0,!
https://www.accc.gov.au/business/treating-customers-fairly/offering-
warranties/warranties-against-defects!!
74
!s!169!of!the!Australian!Consumer!Law,!Schedule!2!of!the!C.&2*#"#"./')/;'C./0%&*+'<-#'>D=D!@C#$B!
!
42!
!
Despite!this,!many!of!the!warranties!in!our!study!were!in!breach!of!the!Australian!Consumer!Law!
and!provided!misleading!and!deceptive!statements!in!their!warranty!documents!purporting!to!
exclude!any!other!statutory!rights!or!implied!guarantees!of!merchantability,!fitness!for!purpose!and!
hidden!defects.!!They!also!sought!to!limit!any!prospective!damages!claims!to!a!maximum!amount!of!
the!purchase!price!of!the!battery!and!excluded!liability!for!any!consequential!losses,!damage!or!
injuries.!!!
!
The!following!manufacturers/suppliers!did!not!provide!the!mandatory!text!explaining!to!consumers!
about!their!rights!under!the!ACL!in!their!warranties:!
• BYD!Batteries;!
• Deep!Cycle!Systems;!
• GCL!Systems;!
• Pylon!Tech;!
• Redflow;!
• Samsung!SDI;!
• SimpliPhi!Power;!and!!
• TrinaBest.!
!
Key$questions$for$consumers$on$the$limitations$imposed$on$other$legal$rights$
!
Does!the!warranty!contain!limitations!on!my!ability!to!being!a!claim!for!negligence?!
!
Does!the!warranty!purport!to!limit!my!statutory!rights!under!the!Australian!Consumer!Law?!
!
Does!the!warranty!provide!information!that!differs!from!the!other!written!documents!provided!by!
the!manufacturer/supplier!such!as!the!technical!data!sheet?!
!
Does!the!warranty!document!or!product!packaging!display!the!mandatory!text!from!the!ACL?!
!
!
!
!
!
!
43!
3.8$Governing$law$clause$
!
The!last!important!issue!for!consumers!to!consider!when!reviewing!their!contractual!warranty!
document!for!their!residential!energy!storage!system!is!what!the!applicable!governing!law!is!under!
the!contract.!!This!is!a!relevant!inquiry!because!the!governing!law!may!enable!the!contractual!
warranty!to!limit!the!application!of!the!laws!in!the!state!where!the!battery!is!to!be!installed!as!they!
apply!in!respect!to!negligence!claims,!Sale!of!Goods!or!even!simply!increase!costs!if!the!consumer!
has!to!take!the!manufacturer!to!court!to!enforce!their!warranty!rights.!!!
!
Of!the!14!manufacturers/suppliers!whose!warranty!documents!we!studied,!ten!did!not!stipulate!the!
governing!law!of!the!contract.!!This!means!that!the!law!is!likely!to!be!determined!by!the!law!of!the!
sales!contract!or!the!law!of!the!state!in!which!the!system!is!being!installed,!though!a!number!of!
other!options!are!also!available.!!This!could!add!uncertainty,!costs!and!create!delays!in!the!event!of!a!
dispute!over!the!warranty.!!LG!Chem!stated!that!the!“Warranty!is!subject!to!the!law!of!Australian!
State.”
75
!!It!is!not!clear!what!this!means,!whether!the!warranty!is!subject!to!Australian!law!generally!
or!whether!it!is!subject!to!the!law!applicable!in!the!relevant!state!of!purchase,!again!this!creates!
uncertainty.!!Best!practice!is!evident!in!the!warranty!contracts!from!Tesla,!Redflow!and!Sunverge.!!
Tesla!states!that!their!“warranty!and!any!dispute!or!claim!arising!out!of!or!in!connection!with!it!is!
governed!and!construed!in!accordance!with!the!laws!of!the!country!or!(if!applicable)!with!the!laws!of!
the!state!or!province!in!where!your!Powerwall!was!first!installed.”
76
!!While,!Redflow!and!Sunverge!
both!clearly!state!that!their!warranties!are!subject!to!the!laws!of!Queensland.!!
!
Key$questions$regarding$the$governing$law$clause$
!
Does!the!governing!law!clause!on!the!warranty!apply!the!law!of!the!Australian!state!in!which!the!
battery!warranty!system!was!first!installed?!!
!
Is!the!governing!law!clause!the!law!of!a!foreign!jurisdiction?!
!
!
!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
75
!LG!Chem!Ltd,!!:'C$*&'!"#$"%&4"./'G)##*+,'!"&"#*;'3)++)/#,H'IJ8K?E?'L'IJ8K6EM'L'IJ8K=D'G)##*+,'8#.+)F*'8,0#*&!(11!
January!2017)!SolarQuotes!
http://www.solarquotes.com.au/blog/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/20170111-
RESU3.3_6.5_10-LG-Chem-Lithium-ion-Battery-Limited-Warranty-AU.pdf!
76
!Tesla!Motors!Netherlands!B.V.,!N*01)'O.P*+P)11'3)++)/#,'@<%0#+)1")')/;'A*P'Q*)1)/;B!(9!February!2017),!p.!4!
https://www.tesla.com/sites/default/files/pdfs/powerwall/Powerwall_2_AC_Warranty_AUS-NZ_1-0.pdf!
!
44!
!
4.$$What$other$remedies$are$available$to$the$Australian$consumer$in$the$event$of$an$issue$with$a$
residential$battery$storage$system?$
$
4.1$Statutory$protections$
In!addition!to!the!express!contractual!warranties!that!may!be!offered!by!manufacturers,!suppliers!or!
retailers,!consumers!may!benefit!from!additional!protections!in!the!form!of!statutory!consumer!
guarantees!or!conditions!being!implied!into!their!contracts.!!In!New!South!Wales,!there!are!two!
main!pieces!of!legislation!which!protect!consumers!of!residential!battery!storage!systems:!the!
Australian!Consumer!Law!(ACL)!which!is!found!in!Schedule!2!of!the!C.&2*#"#"./')/;'C./0%&*+'<-#!
2010!(Cth)!and!the!8)1*'.9':..;0'<-#!1923!(NSW).!!Where!a!consumer!can!establish!the!presence!of!
misleading!or!deceptive!conduct,!they!may!also!be!able!to!bring!a!claim!for!damages!under!s!18!of!
the!ACL.!!Alternatively,!where!a!consumer!can!prove!that!they!have!suffered!loss!or!damage,!
commonly!in!the!form!of!property!damage,!personal!injury!or!pure!economic!loss,!as!a!result!of!the!
negligence!of!a!manufacturer!of!their!residential!energy!storage!system,!they!may!also!be!able!to!
bring!a!claim!under!the!C"R"1'!")("1"#,'<-#!2001!(NSW).!!However,!this!latter!cause!of!action!is!less!
likely!to!be!available!due!to!the!widespread!practice!within!the!Australian!energy!storage!market!of!
excluding!liability!for!such!claims.!!Each!of!these!potential!claims!shall!be!addressed!in!turn.!!
$
4.2$Statutory$consumer$guarantees$under$the$Australian$Consumer$Law$(2010)$
Statutory!consumer!guarantees!are!valuable!to!consumers!because!the!rights!acquired!under!these!
sections!of!the!ACL!cannot!legally!be!excluded!by!contract.
77
!!!Under!the!ACL,!consumer!guarantees!
are!available!for!“consumers”
78
!who!purchase,!hire!or!lease!“goods”
79
!in!the!form!of!a!residential!
energy!storage!system!for!either:!
(a) $40,000!or!less;!or!!
(b) where!the!residential!energy!storage!system!costs!more!than!$40,000!but!is!deemed!to!be!
of!a!kind!that!is!‘ordinarily!acquired!for!their!own!personal,!domestic!or!household!use!or!
consumption’.!!!
Theses!consumer!guarantees!also!cover!the!installation!of!a!residential!energy!storage!system!under!
the!definition!of!“services”!where!the!amount!payable!for!the!installation!services!is:!
(a) $40,000!or!less;!or!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
77
!Cavanagh!K.,!Behrens!S.,!Price!C.,!Lim!O.,!Haigh!N.,!Fleming!A.,!Oliver!E.,!Mankad!A.,!and!Bhatt!A.!I.,!“Energy!storage!
safety:!Responsible!installation,!use!and!disposal!of!domestic!and!small!commercial!battery!systems”!(2015)!C8SIT'+*2.+#'
JO=M6>D7,!Australia,!p.!29!
78
!s!3!of!the!Australian!Consumer!Law,!Schedule!2!of!the!C.&2*#"#"./')/;'C./0%&*+'<-#'>D=D'(Cth)!
79
!!Ibid!s!2.!!
!
45!
(b) where!the!services!cost!more!than!$40,000!but!is!deemed!to!be!of!a!kind!that!is!‘ordinarily!
acquired!for!their!own!personal,!domestic!or!household!use!or!consumption’.
80
!!!
!
4.3$The$application$of$consumer$guarantees$to$residential$battery$storage$systems$
There!are!a!number!of!consumer!guarantees!that!provide!protections!for!consumers!purchasing!
residential!battery!storage!systems,!the!most!relevant!of!which!are:!
!
1. The$residential$energy$storage$system$must$be$of$acceptable$quality$(s$54$of$the$ACL):$$$
A!residential!energy!storage!system!will!be!deemed!to!be!of!acceptable!quality!if!it!is!fit!for!
purpose,!acceptable!in!appearance!and!finish,!free!from!defects,!safe!and!durable.!!In!
making!an!assessment!as!to!whether!a!system!meets!these!criteria!for!“acceptable!quality,”!
the!ACL!requires!that!regard!be!given!to!the!nature!of!the!energy!storage!system,!the!price,!
any!statements!made!on!the!packaging!or!label!and!any!other!representation!made!about!
the!system!by!the!supplier!or!manufacturer.!!!
!
2. The$residential$energy$storage$system$must$be$fit$for$any$disclosed$purchase$(s$55$of$the$
ACL):$$
Where!the!consumer!either!expressly!discloses!or!implies!that!the!residential!energy!storage!
system!is!being!acquired!for!a!particular!purpose!(the!‘disclosed!purchase’)!(regardless!of!
whether!or!not!that!purpose!is!on!for!which!the!goods!are!commonly!supplied),!then!the!
consumer!can!benefit!from!a!guarantee!that!‘the!goods!are!reasonably!fit!for!any!disclosed!
purpose,!and!for!any!purpose!for!which!the!supplier!represents!that!they!are!reasonably!fit.’!!
This!consumer!guarantee!applies!regardless!of!whether!the!disclosed!purpose!was!(a)!made!
known,!expressly!or!by!implication!to!‘(i)!!the!supplier;!or!(ii)!!a!person!by!whom!any!prior!
negotiations!or!arrangements!in!relation!to!the!acquisition!of!the!goods!were!conducted!or!
made;!or!if!(b)!!the!consumer!makes!known!to!the!manufacturer!of!the!goods!either!directly!
or!through!the!supplier!or!the!person!referred!to!above.’
81
!!
!
3. That$the$residential$energy$storage$system$meets$its$product$description$(s$56$of$the$ACL).$
!
4. That$the$residential$energy$storage$system$must$have$spare$parts$and$repair$facilities!
available$for$a$reasonable$time$after$purchase$unless$the$customer$is$told$otherwise$prior$
to$purchase$(s$58$of$the$ACL).$
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
80
!Ibid!s!3(3).!
81
!Ibid!s!55(2).!
!
46!
!
5. That$the$residential$energy$storage$system$must$meet$any$express$warranties$provided$by$
the$manufacturer$or$supplier$(s$59$of$the$ACL).$$$
This!means!that!any!additional!promises!made!about!the!product!quality,!reliability!or!
performance!of!the!residential!energy!storage!system!are!also!covered!by!an!implied!
consumer!guarantee.!!!
!
The!application!of!the!consumer!guarantees!to!the!installation!of!residential!battery!storage!systems!
There!are!also!consumer!guarantees!that!are!applicable!to!the!installation!of!residential!battery!
storage!systems!including!that:!
• the!system!be!installed!with!due!care!and!skill!(s!60!of!the!ACL);!
• that!where!a!particular!purpose!has!been!disclosed!that!the!installation!service!will!be!fit!for!
the!particular!purpose!(s!61!of!the!ACL);!and!!
• that!where!date!for!the!installation!services!are!not!fixed!by!contract!or!agreed!between!the!
supplier!of!the!services!and!the!consumer!that!the!services!must!be!supplied!within!a!
reasonable!time!(s!62!of!the!ACL).!!!
!
4.4$Breach$of$consumer$guarantees$
Should!any!of!these!consumer!guarantees!be!breached,!the!consumer!may!generally!take!action!
against!either!the!manufacturer!or!the!supplier!of!the!goods!or!services.!For!the!purposes!of!the!
ACL,!the!definition!of!“manufacturer”!covers!not!only!the!firm!who!produced!or!assembled!the!
residential!energy!storage!system!but!also!anyone!who!holds!themselves!out!as!the!manufacturer,!
allows!their!brand!to!be!applied!to!the!system,!or!imports!the!goods!into!Australia!if!at!the!time!of!
importation!the!actual!manufacturer!does!not!have!a!place!of!business!in!Australia.
82
!!The!“supplier”!
is!the!person!who!supplied!the!goods!or!services!to!the!consumer.
83
!!The!ability!to!bring!a!claim!
against!either!the!manufacturer!or!the!supplier!is!important!because!most!manufacturers!of!
residential!battery!storage!systems!found!in!the!Australian!market!are!foreign!firms!located!offshore!
and!the!importers!may!be!difficult!for!consumers!to!identify.!!The!ACL!also!provides!an!indemnity!to!
the!supplier!where!the!manufacturer!would!otherwise!be!liable.
84
!!There!are!two!exceptions!to!the!
rule!that!claims!may!be!brought!against!a!supplier.!!!The!first!relates!to!the!consumer!guarantee!on!
express!warranties!provided!by!a!manufacturer
85
!and!the!second!relates!to!the!guarantee!stipulating!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
82
!Ibid!s!7(1).!
83
!Ibid!s!2.!!
84
!Ibid!s!274.!
85
!Ibid!s!59.!!
!
47!
that!the!manufacturer!ensuring!the!availability!of!spare!parts!and!repair!facilities.
86
!Both!these!
claims!may!only!be!brought!against!the!manufacturer.!!
!
4.5$Remedies$available$from$the$suppliers$of$residential$battery$storage$systems$
!
4.5.1$Major$failures$
The!remedies!available!in!relation!to!a!breach!of!the!consumer!guarantees!vary!depending!on!
whether!the!breach!is!deemed!to!be!a!“major!failure”!for!the!purposes!of!s!260!of!the!ACL!or!not.!!
All!of!the!following!circumstances!would!constitute!a!“major!failure”!in!the!context!of!the!consumer!
guarantees!implied!into!contracts!for!the!purchase!of!residential!battery!storage!systems:!
!
1. If!the!system!would!not!have!been!acquired!by!a!reasonable!consumer!had!they!known!the!
nature!and!extent!of!the!failure;
87
!or!
2. If!the!system!significantly!departs!from!its!product!description,!for!example!by!having!a!
much!lower!usable!battery!capacity;
88
!or!
3. If!the!system!is!not!fit!for!the!purpose!of!storing!excess!electricity!generated!by!a!residential!
household!and!thus!cannot!be!remedied!easily!and!within!a!reasonable!time!to!make!it!fit!
for!purpose;
89
!or!
4. If!the!system!is!not!fit!for!a!disclosed!purpose!and!cannot!be!remedied!easily!and!within!a!
reasonable!time!to!make!it!fit!for!such!a!disclosed!purpose;
90
!or!
5. If!the!system!is!not!of!acceptable!quality!because!it!is!unsafe.
91
!
!
Where!the!failure!fits!within!the!definition!of!a!“major!failure”!or!is!a!failure!which!cannot!otherwise!
be!remedied!then,!under!s!259(3)!of!the!ACL,!the!consumer!may!either!reject!the!residential!energy!
storage!system!and!seek!a!replacement!or!seek!a!refund!at!the!consumer’s!sole!election.!There!are!
two!limitations!on!the!right!to!rejection!that!may!be!relevant!to!a!consumer!who!purchases!a!
residential!energy!storage!system.!!First,!if!the!rejection!period!for!the!system!has!ended,!taking!into!
account!what!a!reasonable!period!of!time!would!be!for!the!relevant!failure!to!become!apparent!
having!regard!to!the!type!of!goods,!the!use!to!which!the!consumer!is!likely!to!put!the!system,!the!
length!of!time!and!amount!of!use!that!it!is!reasonable!to!expect!the!system!to!be!used!for.
92
!!The!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
86
!Ibid!s!58.!
87
!Ibid!s!260(a).!
88
!Ibid!s!260(b)(i).!
89
!Ibid!s!260(c).!
90
!Ibid!s!260(d).!
91
!Ibid!s!260(e).!
92
!Ibid!s!262(1)(a).!
!
48!
second,!and!arguably!more!relevant,!limitation!occurs!where!the!residential!energy!storage!system!
has!been!attached!to,!or!incorporated!in,!any!real!property!and!they!cannot!be!detached!or!isolated!
without!damaging!them.
93
!!This!is!likely!to!be!an!issue!for!residential!battery!storage!systems,!which!
are!going!to!be!either!integrated!into!existing!PV!solar!systems,!or!which!will!come!as!a!single!
embedded!system!and!attached!to!either!the!side!of!the!house!or!the!interior!of!the!garage.!!
Consumers!may!also!not!seek!to!reject!the!residential!energy!storage!system!and!are!then!entitled!
to!the!difference!between!the!purchase!price!paid!and!the!diminution!in!value!of!the!storage!system!
containing!the!major!failure.
94
!!!
!
In!addition!to!the!rights!of!replacement!or!refund,!consumers!may!also!be!able!‘recover!damages!for!
any!loss!or!damage!suffered!by!the!consumer!because!of!the!failure!to!comply!with!the!guarantee!if!
it!was!reasonably!foreseeable!that!the!consumer!would!suffer!such!loss!or!damage!as!a!result!of!
such!a!failure.’
95
!!This!may!include!any!other!contracts!associated!with!the!residential!energy!storage!
system!including!the!remote!management!of!the!system!to!determine!when!the!system!should!store!
energy!and!when!it!should!either!allow!the!energy!to!be!self-consumed!or!fed!back!into!the!grid.!!!
!
4.5.2$Minor$failures$
Where!the!failure!does!not!fit!within!the!definition!of!a!“major!failure,”!the!supplier!may!choose!to!
remedy!the!failure!by!either!repairing!the!faulty!product,!replacing!the!faulty!product!or!providing!
the!consumer!with!a!refund.
96
!!!
!
4.6$Sale$of$Goods$Act$1923$(NSW)$
Where!the!consumer!purchases!the!residential!energy!storage!system!outright!in!exchange!for!
money!consideration,!they!may!also!acquire!rights!under!the!8)1*'.9':..;0'<-#'=7>?!(NSW).!!This!Act!
will!imply!three!conditions!(i.e.!essential!or!fundamental!terms)!into!the!contract!for!the!sale!of!
goods!that!are!relevant!to!purchasers!of!residential!battery!storage!systems:!
1. The!system!will!correspond!to!their!description;
97
!
2. The!system!will!be!reasonably!fit!for!purpose,!providing!that!the!purchaser!can!show!that!
they!disclosed!the!purpose!for!which!the!system!was!to!be!used,!relied!on!the!seller’s!
judgement!and!skill!and!that!the!seller!usually!trades!in!that!type!of!goods;
98
!and!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
93
!Ibid!s!262(1)(d).!
94
!Ibid!s!272(1)(a).!
95
!Ibid!s!272(1)(b).!
96
!Ibid!s!259(2).!
97
!s!18,!8)1*'.9':..;0'<-#!1923!(NSW)!
98
!Ibid!s!19(1).!
!
49!
3. The!system!was!of!merchantable!quality.
99
!!!
Where!one!of!these!implied!conditions!is!breached,!the!consumer!has!two!potential!remedies,!
compensation!for!their!losses!or!recession!of!the!contract!(i.e.!a!court!order!that!the!contract!be!set!
aside!and!the!parties!are!returned!to!the!position!they!were!in!prior!to!the!formation!of!the!
contract).!!
!
4.7$Misleading$and$deceptive$conduct$
A!further!statutory!protection!for!consumers!is!found!in!s!18(1)!of!the!Australian!Consumer!Law!
which!states!that:!! !
“A!person!must!not,!in!trade!or!commerce,!engage!in!conduct!that!is!misleading!or!
deceptive!or!is!likely!to!mislead!or!deceive.”
100
!!
In!the!context!of!residential!battery!storage!systems,!misleading!and!deceptive!conduct!may!occur!if!
the!manufacturer!or!seller!of!the!product!provides!misleading!product!comparisons,!makes!express!
statements!that!are!untrue!or!makes!unsubstantiated!claims!about!product!performance.!!The!test!
to!be!applied!is!an!objective!test!and!it!is!not!relevant!that!the!manufacturer!or!seller!did!not!intend!
to!mislead!or!deceive.!!If!there!is!found!to!be!a!breach!of!this!section,!then!the!consumer!may!be!
able!to!bring!a!damages!claim!and!the!party!responsible!for!the!misleading!or!deceptive!claim!has!
committed!an!offence!punishable!by!a!penalty!of!up!to!$1.1m!for!a!body!corporate!or!$220,000!for!
any!other!party.
101
!!
$$
4.8$Negligence$claims$
To!the!extent!that!such!claims!are!not!excluded!or!limited!by!the!warranty!document,!if!there!has!
been!a!product!failure,!which!has!caused!the!consumer!to!suffer!damage,!then!consumers!may!also!
be!able!to!bring!a!claim!for!negligence!under!the!C"R"1'!")("1"#,'<-#'>DD>!(NSW).!!In!order!to!bring!a!
successful!claim,!the!consumer!will!need!to!prove!that:
102
!
• the!established!category!of!duty!of!care!owed!by!manufacturers!to!end!consumers
103
!applies!
to!them;!
• that!that!duty!of!care!was!breached!due!to!a!failure!on!the!part!of!the!manufacturer!to!apply!
an!appropriate!standard!of!care!with!regard!to!safety!or!product!design!or!quality;
104
!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
99
!Ibid,!s!19(2).!
100
!s!18(1)!Australian!Consumer!Law,!Schedule!2!of!the!C.&2*#"#"./')/;'C./0%&*+'<-#!>D=D'@C#$B!
101
!Ibid!s!224(3).!
102
!s!5E,!C"R"1'!")("1"#,'<-#'>DD>!@A83B!
103
!U./.F$%*'R'8#*R*/0./![1932]!AC!562!
104
!s!5B,!C"R"1'!")("1"#,'<-#'>DD>!(A83B'
!
50!
• that!the!manufacturer’s!breach!caused!the!end!consumer!to!suffer!loss!or!damage!
(commonly!in!the!form!of!either!property!damage,!personal!injury!or!pure!economic!loss)!
and!that!this!loss!or!damage!was!not!too!remote;
105
!and!!
• that!there!were!no!defences!available!to!reduce!or!completely!remove!liability!for!the!claim.!
If!the!consumer!is!successful!in!their!claim,!they!may!be!eligible!to!receive!compensation!for!their!
loss!or!damage!suffered.!!However,!any!compensation!claim!will!be!subject!to!the!caps!on!damages!
contained!with!the!C"R"1'!")("1"#,'<-#'>DD=!(NSW).!!!
!
A!further!hindrance!to!Australian!consumers!bringing!a!negligence!claim!against!a!manufacturer!is!
that!practically!speaking!such!claims!are!dependent!upon!the!manufacturer!having!some!assets!in!
Australia.!!This!is!because!if!the!Australian!consumer!is!successful!in!their!claim,!there!need!to!be!
assets!within!Australia!to!provide!security!for!the!damages!ordered.!!Without!any!assets!within!
Australia,!such!a!damages!order!would!be!dependent!upon!the!individual!consumer!enforcing!the!
damages!order!via!the!courts!of!a!foreign!jurisdiction,!which!would!not!be!cost!effective!(and!in!
some!cases,!even!possible)!thereby!rending!the!order!unenforceable.!!
!
Given!many!batteries!and!their!components!are!currently!being!manufactured!in!China,!it!is!also!
worth!considering!the!Chinese!law!to!assess!whether!it!would!be!possible!to!aggregate!the!claims!of!
a!sufficient!number!of!Australian!plaintiffs!to!make!a!class!action!conducted!in!China!against!a!
Chinese!manufacturer!viable.!!While!it!is!foreseeable!that!if!a!sufficiently!large!class!of!plaintiffs!were!
aggregated!that!such!a!claim!could!be!economically!viable,!it!appears!highly!unlikely!that!the!
Chinese!courts!would!be!willing!to!find!that!a!"joint!litigation!action"!under!Articles!53!–!56!of!the!
C"R"1'O+.-*;%+*'!)P'.9'#$*'O*.21*V0'I*2%(1"-'.9'C$"/)'=77=W!as!amended!2012,
106
!would!apply!to!
solely!foreign!plaintiffs.!!!
!
As!a!result,!where!the!manufacturer!is!a!foreign!firm!with!no!or!very!limited!Australian!assets,!the!
consumer!will!often!have!to!pursue!either!the!importer,!who!may!be!hard!to!identify,!or!more!
commonly,!the!supplier!of!the!residential!energy!storage!system!under!either!a!contractual!warranty!
claim!or!for!a!breach!of!the!Australian!Consumer!Law!or!the!8)1*'.9':..;0'<-#E!!!!However,!relying!on!
the!ability!to!get!legal!recourse!from!a!solar/battery!supplier!is!not!without!considerable!risk!for!the!
consumer.!!Since!2011,!over!500!solar!companies!in!Australia!listed!on!the!Australian!Securities!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
105
!s!5D(1)!C"R"1'!")("1"#,'<-#'>DD>!@A83B!
106
!C"R"1'O+.-*;%+*'!)P'.9'#$*'O*.21*X0'I*2%(1"-'.9'C$"/)!(People’s!Republic!of!China)!National!People's!Congress,!Order!No.!
44,!9!April!1991,!as!amended!for!the!second!time!in!accordance!with!the!U*-"0"./'./'<&*/;"/F'#$*'C"R"1'O+.-*;%+*'!)P'.9'
#$*'O*.21*V0'I*2%(1"-'.9'C$"/)!as!adopted!at!the!28th!Session!of!the!Standing!Committee!of!the!Eleventh!National!People's!
Congress!on!31!August!2012.!!
!
51!
Investments!Commission!website!have!been!closed,!put!into!liquidation,!had!administrators!
appointed!or!been!proposed!for!de-registration.
107
!This!includes!the!largest!companies!that!had!
previously!operated!in!the!Australian!market.!!There!have!been!similar!experiences!in!the!energy!
storage!markets!overseas,!with!two!of!the!largest!original!participants!in!the!US!market,!A123!and!
Xtreme!Power,!both!going!into!bankruptcy.
108
!!As!a!result,!it!is!important!for!consumers!to!
understand!that!both!their!contractual!warranties!and!their!ability!to!pursue!statutory!protections!
are!reliant!on!the!manufacturers,!importers!and!suppliers!of!the!residential!energy!storage!system,!
being!sufficiently!creditworthy!to!be!able!to!fulfil!a!valid!claim!against!them.!!!
!
!
!
!
!
$ $
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
107
!LG!Solar!Energy,!!"0#'.9'-.&2)/"*0'./'<8SC'P*(0"#*!(26!August!2016)!
https://www.lgenergy.com.au/uploads/download_files/493304aacda2096b881db7ea21c06a21c03936f1.pdf!!
108
!Share!Tibken,!:.R*+/&*/#49%/;*;'()##*+,'&)Y*+'<=>?'9"1*0'9.+'()/Y+%2#-,!(17!October!2012)!CNET!
https://www.cnet.com/au/news/government-funded-battery-maker-a123-files-for-bankruptcy/;!Jeff!St.!John,!Z#+*&*'
O.P*+W':+";48-)1*'J/*+F,'8#.+)F*'8#)+#%2W'["1*0'9.+'G)/Y+%2#-,!(23!January!2014)!Green!Tech!Media!
https://www.greentechmedia.com/articles/read/xtreme-power-grid-scale-energy-storage-startup-files-for-bankruptcy!!
!
52!
5.$$Conclusions$
!
In!conclusion,!this!report!has!found!that!there!is!a!high!likelihood!that!similar!to!other!areas!of!
battery!litigation,!residential!battery!storage!systems!are!likely!to!be!subject!to!consumer!claims!
arising!out!of!total!battery!failure,!poor!battery!performance,!poor!battery!life,!misleading!and!
deceptive!conduct,!negligence!or!other!torts!based!claims!and!safety!defects.!!Contractual!warranty!
theories!suggests!that!the!warranty!should!act!as!a!risk!allocation!tool!that!provides!both!insurance!
to!prospective!purchasers!and!an!incentive!to!manufacturers/suppliers!to!improve!the!quality!of!
their!products.!!However,!the!study!of!the!warranties!of!14!different!manufacturers/suppliers!active!
in!the!Australian!residential!battery!storage!market!found!that!these!roles!are!often!not!fulfilled!with!
many!of!the!contractual!warranties!allocating!all!of!the!shared!risks!to!the!end!consumer.!!This!left!
the!consumer!in!a!position!where!they!were!unable!to!best!manage!or!mitigate!the!risk!and!
secondary!insurance!products!are!not!currently!available!to!allow!them!to!hedge!the!risk.!!!
!
Of!particular!concern!was!the!identification!of!misleading!and!deceptive!conduct!on!the!part!of!
some!manufacturers/suppliers!who!had!differing!information!contained!in!their!technical!data!
specification!sheets!and!their!warranty!documents.!!A!further!serious!concern!relates!to!the!fact!that!
while!almost!all!manufacturers!claimed!to!exclude!consumers!statutory!and!common!law!rights!
within!their!warranty!document,!eight!manufacturers/suppliers!also!did!not!include!the!mandatory!
text!found!in!the!ACL,!which!acknowledges!the!rights!of!consumers!that!cannot!be!contracted!out!of,!
including!in!respect!of!the!consumer!guarantees.!!The!consumer!guarantees!found!in!the!ACL!and!
implied!into!the!purchase!contracts!play!an!important!role!in!the!context!of!consumer!protection!
within!the!residential!battery!storage!sector.!!Where!there!is!a!“major!failure”!the!consumer!
guarantees!will!often!provide!the!consumer!with!greater!choice!about!how!they!want!their!defective!
residential!battery!storage!system!remedied!and!they!also!allow!for!compensation!for!reasonably!
foreseeable!consequential!losses.!!!This!will!generally!leave!the!consumer!in!a!far!better!position!
than!their!rights!under!the!contractual!warranty,!which!may!limit!their!available!remedies!to!a!repair!
or!replacement!using!refurbished!parts!or!a!pro-rated!warranty,!which!is!insufficient!to!fund!a!
replacement!battery!storage!system.!!However,!even!the!consumer!guarantees!are!not!without!their!
challenges,!with!their!operation!reliant!on!the!manufacturer!having!assets!in!Australia!to!pursue!or,!
the!supplier!being!sufficiently!creditworthy!to!be!able!to!pursue!a!claim!against.!!!
!
This!research!has!highlighted!some!serious!flaws!with!the!way!in!which!consumers!purchasing!
residential!battery!storage!systems!are!protected.!!There!is!an!urgent!need!for!either!Australian!
!
53!
Standards!or!International!Standards!to!be!widely!adopted!by!the!manufacturers!and!suppliers!
within!the!sector!so!as!to!provide!consumers!with!greater!certainty!as!to!what!they!should!
reasonably!expect!from!their!battery!storage!system.!!Further,!given!the!complexities!of!the!
contractual!warranties!within!the!sector,!greater!education!is!required!both!of!the!manufacturers!
and!suppliers!about!their!legal!responsibilities!under!Australian!law!but!also!for!consumers!about!
their!consumer!rights!and!the!different!means!by!which!they!can!protect!those!rights.!!!
!
$ $
!
54!
Recommendations$
That!PIAC!send!a!copy!of!this!report!to!the!Australian!Competition!and!Consumer!Commission,!the!
Clean!Energy!Council,!the!Australian!Energy!Storage!Alliance!and!the!Energy!Storage!Council!to!put!
them!on!notice!about!the!widespread!breaches!of!the!ACL!in!respect!of!documenting!the!warranty!
from!defects!and!the!failure!to!use!the!mandatory!language!which!acknowledges!that!consumers!
retain!statutory!rights!under!the!ACL!which!be!law!cannot!be!excluded.!
!
That!PIAC!host!a!seminar!run!by!Dr!Crossley!for!manufacturers/suppliers!of!energy!storage!systems!
to!notify!them!of!their!legal!obligations!with!respect!to!the!provision!of!contractual!warranties!for!
residential!battery!storage!systems!and!their!obligations!with!respect!to!consumer!guarantees!under!
the!Australian!Consumer!Law.!!
!
That!PIAC!publish!the!list!of!questions!for!consumers!to!assess!different!contractual!warranties!for!
residential!battery!storage!systems!against.!!!
!
! !
!
55!
!""#$%&'()*(!$+,-.&.(/0(12#(3/$14+315+,(6+44+$1&#.(/00#4#%(7-(12#(8+$50+3154#4.(/0(4#.&%#$1&+,(7+11#4-(.1/4+9#(.-.1#8.(./,%(6&12&$(12#(!5.14+,&+$(8+4:#1(
!
!
;/8"+$-(
<4/%531(
=+44+$1-(
%+1#(
>+11#4-(
32#8&.14-(
>+11#4-(.&?#(
@A/1+,B5.+7,#(
3+"+3&1-C(
D#"12(
/0(
%&.32+49
#(
E"#4+1&$9(
1#8"F(
B+87&#$1(
1#8"FB(
258&%&1-((
4+$9#(
(
(
G#$912(/0(
6+44+$1-(
=+44+$1-(3/H#4+9#(
=+44+$1-(3/$%&1&/$.(
=+44+$1-(
#'3,5.&/$.(
I#8#%&#.(+H+&,+7,#(5$%#4(
6+44+$1-(@4#"+&4J(4#05$%J(
4#",+3#8#$1KC(
=+44+$1-(14+$.0#4("#48&11#%(1/(
.57.#L5#$1("5432+.#4.(
G&8&1+1&/$.(/$(
12#(+"",&3+1&/$(
/0(12#(!;GJ(
3/88/$(,+6(
/4(.1+151/4-(
4&921.(+$%((
%+8+9#.(
M/H#4$&$9(
,+6(
N'",&3&1,-(
4#0#4.(1/(12#(
#'&.1#$3#(/0(
.1+151/4-(
4&921.(5$%#4(
12#(!;G(+$%(
5.#.(
8+$%+1/4-(
,+$95+9#(
;/8",&#.(6&12(
&$1#4$+1&/$+,(
.1+$%+4%.(
BYD!Lithium!
Battery!Co,!
Ltd!
!
Australian!
representativ
e:!Alps!Power!
Pty!Ltd!
Battery!
Box!and!
Battery!
Plus!(B-
Box!2.5/!
5.0/!7.5/!!
10.0)!
14!
December!
2016
109
!
Lithium!
iron!
phosphat
e!
B-Box!2.5:!
2.56kWh/!
2.45kWh!
!
B-Box!5:!
5.12kWh/!
4.9kWh!
!
B-Box!7.5:!
7.68kWh/!
7.35kWh!
!
B-Box!10:!
10.24kWh/!
9.8kWh!
6,000!
cycles!@!
96%!
DoD!
!
Operating!
temperature:!
0
o
C!-+50
o
C!
!
Storage!
temperature:!
-10
o
C!-!+!40
o
C!
!
Humidity!
range:!not!
stated!
10!years!
from!the!
date!of!
invoice!
Warranty!Products!
capacity!warranty:!
Please!refer!to!the!
below!warranty!chart!
for!the!first!ten!(10)!
years!use!and!at!least!
sixty!percent!(60%)!of!
battery’s!usable!
capacity!(net!capacity)!
after!the!tenth!(10th)!
year!of!the!date!of!
invoice!from!vendor!or!
within!the!throughput!
energy!as!shown!in!
below!chart”!
!
“3.1!If!the!battery!is!
within!capacity!
warranty!period!and!
the!battery!capacity!is!
lower!than!warranted!
capacity!
which!verified!by!
personnel!recognized!
or!authorized!by!BYD,!
BYD!agrees!to!provide!
replace!or!repair!
service!
subject!to!this!
Warranty!Letter.”!
!
!
!
“4.!Preconditions!for!
warranty!Following!
preconditions!shall!be!met:!!
4.1!Product!shall!fall!within!
the!warranty!period.!4.2!
Any!system!failure,!fault!or!
warning!information!must!
be!reported!to!BYD!or!
authorized!service!partner!
within!2!weeks!of!
appearance.!4.3!Product!
shall!be!installed!by!
personnel!recognized!or!
authorized!service!partner.!
4.4!Customer!shall!
correctly!operate!and!use!
the!system!according!to!
user!manual!and!
installation!manual.!4.5!
Customers!shall!provide!
the!proof!of!the!original!
purchase!of!the!product.!
4.6!Provided!that!in!any!
event!the!installation!of!
the!Subject!of!the!
Warranty!for!the!Customer!
shall!be!completed!within!
twelve!(12)!months!from!
the!date!of!manufacturing!
date!of!the!Subject!of!the!
Warranty.!4.7!The!ambient!
temperature!during!the!
operation!of!the!product!
must!not!exceed!0!℃~50!
℃!temperature!range!and!
the!product!shall!not!be!
exposed!to!or!to!be!stored!
in!a!temperature!higher!
than!55!℃.The!battery!
room!must!be!ventilated!in!
accordance!with!the!
requirements!of!the!
battery!manufacturer.!4.8!
The!product!can!only!be!
installed!and!operated!in!
household!energy!storage!
applications!with!an!
average!of!one!full!cycle1!
per!day.!The!B-BOX!is!not!
suitable!for!supplying!life-
sustaining!medical!devices!
and!automotive!
application.!The!warranty!
will!be!voided!if!usage!
exceeds!household!energy!
storage!applications.!4.9!
Product!must!be!operated!
with!a!battery!inverter!
approved!by!BYD!as!stated!
in!the!compatibility!list!of!
BYD!from!time!to!time.”!
“6!Exception!of!
Warranty:!6.1!
Quality!or!
capacity!
warranty!period!
expires.!6.2!
Damage!and!
defect!caused!to!
products!by!
customer!due!to!
improper!use,!
misuse,!abuse,!
which!
nonconforming!
with!user!manual!
or!accident.!6.3!
Damage!caused!
during!transport,!
incorrect!
product!
installation,!
exceed!of!
temperature!
range!and!
improper!use.!
6.4!Unauthorised!
wiring!and!use!
with!faulty!or!
incompatible!
devices!or!
devices!with!
safety!issues.!6.5!
Product!
arbitrarily!
modified!or!its!
function!changed!
without!
authorization!
from!BYD.!6.6!
Any!changes!to!
the!installation!
do!not!in!
accordance!with!
the!B-BOX!
installation!
manual.!6.7!
Damage!caused!
to!product!due!
to!maintenance!
and!other!
services!
conducted!not!
by!personnel!
authorized!by!
BYD.!6.8!
Customer!fails!to!
provide!correct!
product!serial!
number!or!
product!serial!
number!is!
“5!Replace!or!Repair!5.1!In!
the!event!that!any!Product!
covered!by!the!warranty!as!
this!Warranty!Letter!and!
confirmed!by!BYD!to!be!
defective!or!non-
conformity,!BYD!shall!
replace!or!repair!the!
defective!or!non-conforming!
Product!at!its!own!
discretion.!Any!maintenance!
or!replacement!shall!not!be!
deemed!as!extension!or!
recalculation!of!the!
warranty!period.!5.2!BYD!or!
Service!Provider!should!
respond!within!2!working!
days!after!receipt!after!
service.!5.3!BYD!will!be!
responsible!for!the!
approved!repair!or!
replacement!costs!in!
connection!with!such!non-
conforming!or!defective!
Product.!BYD!reserves!the!
ownership!of!replaced!
battery!or!Products.!Unless!
otherwise!agreed!by!BYD,!
the!replaced!battery!or!
Products!shall!be!returned!
by!customer!to!the!place!
designated!by!BYD!in!the!
same!or!similar!package!
within!4!weeks.!5.4!
Provided!that!BYD!has!
discontinued!the!
manufacture!of!the!Product!
in!issue!at!the!time!the!
related!warranty!claim!
which!confirmed!by!BYD,!
BYD!shall,!at!its!sole!option,!
replace!it!with!a!different!
type!of!Product!(of!1!Full!
cycle:Discharge!the!usable!
capacity!of!a!fully!charged!
battery!and!fully!charge!it!
afterwards.!Micro!cycles!
sum!up!to!full!cycles!
according!to!amount!of!
energy!charged!and!
discharged.!mutually!agreed!
size,!color,!shape!and/or!
power)!or!refund!the!
purchase!price!prorated!by!
the!days!of!the!relevant!
Warranty!Period!remaining.!
5.5!Replacement!of!battery,!
components!or!Products!
may!not!be!brand!new!but!
with!quality!and!
specification!compliant!with!
Warranty!is!silent!on!this!issue!so!
it!would!appear!that!a!warranty!
transfer!may!be!permissible!if!
the!other!warranty!conditions!
are!met.!!!
“8!Warranty!
restriction!
Unless!
otherwise!
specified!
herein,!to!the!
extent!
permitted!by!
applicable!law,!
the!Warranty!
Letter!and!
above!
remedies!
shall!be!
exclusive!and!
replace!all!
other!
guarantees!and!
remedies,!oral!
or!in!writing,!
expressed!or!
implied.!To!the!
extent!
permitted!by!
applicable!law,!
BYD!expressly!
reject!any!and!
all!legal!or!
implied!
warranty,!
including!but!
not!limited!to!
warranties!of!
merchantabilit
y,!fitness!for!a!
particular!
purpose!and!
hidden!or!
potential!
defects.!If!BYD!
cannot!
abandon!
implied!
warranty!as!
prescribed!by!
applicable!law!
or!the!
guarantee!
specified!by!
applicable!
laws,!all!of!
such!
guarantees!
and!warranties!
shall!limit!to!
implied!
warranty!as!
prescribed!by!
applicable!law!
or!the!scope!
within!
Not!stated!
No!–!but!
acknowledg
es!that!such!
rights!may!
exist!under!
the!
applicable!
law!and!
limits!them!
to!the!fullest!
extent!
possible.!
Safety!Guidelines!
for!Li-ion!
household!battery!
system,!Version!
1.0E!
(Sicherheitsleitfad
en!Li-Ionen-
Hausspeicher)!
IEC62619/!
UN38.3/!
UL1642!
!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
109
!BYD!Lithium!Battery!Co!Ltd,!Warranty'Letter'for'BYD'Battery'Box'&'Battery'Plus'(B-Box'&'B-Plus'2.5/'5.0/'7.5/'10.0)!(14!December!2016)!360Energy,!
https://www.360energy.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/B-BOX_Product_Warranty_letter_20161214.pdf!!
!
56!
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=+44+$1-(14+$.0#4("#48&11#%(1/(
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G&8&1+1&/$.(/$(
12#(+"",&3+1&/$(
/0(12#(!;GJ(
3/88/$(,+6(
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4&921.(+$%((
%+8+9#.(
M/H#4$&$9(
,+6(
N'",&3&1,-(
4#0#4.(1/(12#(
#'&.1#$3#(/0(
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!
undecipherable!
or!modified!
without!
permission.!6.9!
Product!damage!
caused!by!
external!force,!
force!majeure!
(unforeseeable,!
unavoidable!and!
insurmountable!
objective!events,!
including!but!not!
limited!to!war,!
civil!war,!strike,!
riot!or!other!
activities!
intervened!by!
government)!or!
other!third!party.!
6.10!The!defect!
cannot!be!
overcome!under!
the!technology!
condition!when!
the!Products!
sold!to!
customer.!6.11!
Defects!of!
Products!arising!
due!to!
technology!
update,!or!
renewal!of!the!
national!or!
regional!laws!or!
regulations.!6.12!
Product!damage!
caused!by!
customer!
deliberately!or!
by!willful!acts;!
6.13!Failure!
report!not!
provided!within!
2!weeks!of!
appearance.”!
!
“7!Non-
Applicability!of!
warranty!claim!
In!case!a!
warranty!claim!is!
reported!which!
shows!not!to!be!
valid,!the!costs!
incurred!by!BYD!
or!installer!due!
to!this!
non-applicability!
of!warranty!
claim!shall!be!
covered!by!
customer!unless!
this!non-
applicability!was!
not!visible!for!
customer!
the!Product!specifications.”!
applicable!laws!
and!
shall!be!under!
mandatory!
application!
according!to!
applicable!law.!
No!distributor,!
agent!or!staff!
of!BYD!is!
authorized!to!
make!any!
revision,!
extension!or!
addition!to!the!
quality!
warranty.!The!
legality!and!
enforceability!
of!remaining!
clauses!
herein!shall!not!
be!affected!or!
damaged!if!any!
of!clauses!
herein!is!
adjudged!to!be!
illegal!or!
unenforceable.!
Unless!
otherwise!
specified!
herein,!to!the!
maximum!
range!
permitted!by!
applicable!law,!
BYD!shall!not!
be!liable!for!
any!
direct,!indirect,!
special,!
accidental!or!
derivative!
losses!caused!
by!the!
purchase!or!
use!of!products!
and!its!system,!
including!but!
not!limited!to!
the!loss!of!use,!
loss!in!income,!
actual!or!
expected!loss!
in!revenue!
(including!
contract!
revenue!
losses),!loss!of!
the!use!of!
money,!loss!of!
anticipated!
savings,!loss!of!
business,!loss!
of!opportunity,!
loss!of!
goodwill,!loss!
!
57!
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according!to!
given!
circumstances.”!
!
of!reputation,!
personal!injury!
or!damage!
loss,!or!the!
indirect!or!
derivative!loss!
or!damage!
(including!any!
expense!arising!
from!the!
replacement!of!
equipment!and!
property,!
resumption!of!
production,!
etc.)!caused!by!
any!reasons.!
!
BYD’S!liability!
from!any!cause!
whatsoever!
shall!in!no!
event!exceed!
the!amount!of!
the!purchase!
price!
paid!by!
customer!to!
byd!for!such!
product!giving!
rise!to!the!
liability.”!
Deep!Cycle!
Systems!Pty!
Ltd!
DCS!PV!
Series!
energy!
storage!
units!
!
DCS!PV!5!
!
DCS!PV!
10!
November!
2016
110
!
Lithium!
iron!
phosphat
e!
DCS!PV!5:!
5.12kWh/5.12kW
h!
!
DCS!PV!10:!
10kWh/10kWh!
5,000!
cycles!@!
100%!
DOD!
!
The!ambient!
temperature!
during!
operation!of!
the!battery!
must!not!fall!
below!-5
o
C!or!
above!65!
o
C.!
The!battery!
should!not!be!
exposed!to!an!
ambient!
temperature!
below!-20
o
C!or!
above!65
o
C.!
!
Humidity!
range!not!
stated.!!
10!years!
from!the!
date!of!
invoice!!
“DCS!warrants!and!
represents!that!the!
[battery]!retains!at!
least!80%!of!the!
Nominal!Energy!for!10!
years!after!the!date!of!
invoice!under!proper!
conditions!of!use!
according!to!the!
installation!manual!
during!the!term!of!the!
warranty.”!!
!
“Nominal!Energy!
herein!means!the!
initially!rated!capacity!
of!the![battery]!as!
printed!on!the!product!
labels.”!!
Must!operate!in!
accordance!with!the!
proper!conditions!
contained!in!the!
installation!manual.!
!
“The!precondition!of!the!
valid!Performance!
Warranty!shall!be!as!
follows;!1.!The!ambient!
temperatures!during!the!
operation!of!the!Subject!of!
Warranty!must!not!fall!
below!-5!degrees!C!or!
exceed!45!degrees!C.!2.!
The!Subject!of!the!
Warranty!should!not!be!
exposed!to!an!ambient!
temperature!below!-20!
degrees!C!or!above!65!
degrees!C.!3.!Maximum!
warranted!kW!hours!
during!the!Warranty!
period!is!the!Nominal!
Energy!of!the!Subject!
multiplied!by!3650!(total!
amount!of!days!during!a!
10!year!period);!For!
example!a!DCS!PV!5.0!
which!has!a!nominal!
energy!rating!of!5.12kWh!
multiplied!by!3650!=!
18,688!kWh.!Should!the!
“DCS’s!warranty!
shall!not!cover!
defects!or!non-
conformities!in!
the!Subject!of!
the!Warranty!
which!are!caused!
by!normal!wear!
and!tear,!
inadequate!
maintenance,!
transportation,!
storage!or!faulty!
repair,!misuse,!
neglect,!accident!
or!abuse,!
modification!to!
the!Subject!of!
the!Warranty!by!
a!third!party!
other!than!DCS!
or!DCS’s!agent!
approved!by!
DCS,!failure!to!
observe!the!
maintenance!or!
operating!
instructions!
provided!by!DCS,!
or!improper!
installation.!The!
warranty!shall!
not!apply!to!
“DCS’s!liability!under!this!
Warranty!shall!be!limited!to!
the!repair!or!replacement!
with!new!or!refurbished!
product!at!DCS’s!option!as!
herein!provided!of!any!
defective!Subject!of!the!
Warranty!which!have!been!
reported!by!Customer’s!
place!of!purchase!under!
Assertion!of!Warranty!
Claims!as!defective,!and!
upon!verification!by!DCS,!
have!been!determined!to!be!
defective.!“!
!
“Replacement!and!repaired!
Subject!of!the!Warranty!
shall!be!warranted!for!the!
remainder!of!the!original!
warranty!period.!In!any!
event,!the!replacement!or!
repair!shall!not!justify!the!
renewal!or!new!beginning!of!
the!warranty!period.”!
!
No!
No!
Not!stated!
No!
Not!stated!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
110
!Deep!Cycle!Systems!Pty!Ltd,!Performance'Warranty'for'the'DCS'PV'Series'energy'storage'units!(November!2016)!SolarQuotes,!
http://www.solarquotes.com.au/blog/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/DCS-PV-Series_Warranty-1.pdf!!
!
58!
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subject!be!cycled!greater!
than!3650!and!less!than!
3850!than!DCS!warrants!
the!subjects!nominal!
energy!to!be!above!or!
equal!to!60%.!4.!Provided!
that!in!any!event!the!
installation!of!the!Subject!
of!the!Warranty!for!the!
Customer!shall!be!
completed!within!12!
months!from!the!date!of!
manufacturer.!
“!
!!
defects!caused!
by!external!
influences!
including!
unusual!physical!
or!electrical!
stress!(power!
failure!surges,!
lightning,!flood,!
fire,!accidental!
breakage),!which!
are!not!the!
responsibility!of!
DCS.!No!
warranty!shall!
apply!to!any!
damages!caused!
by!goods!to!
which!the!
Subject!of!the!
Warranty!is!
incorporated!or!
installed!into,!or!
used!together!
with,!including!
any!parts!
thereof.!!
!
Except!as!herein!
expressly!stated,!
there!are!no!
warranties!or!
conditions,!
express!or!
implied,!by!
operation!of!law!
or!otherwise,!for!
any!subject!of!
the!warranty!
thereof!
furnished!
hereunder.!The!
parties!agree!
that!the!implied!
warranties!of!
merchantability!
and!fitness!for!a!
particular!
purpose!and!all!
other!warranties!
and/or!
guarantees,!
express!or!
implied,!are!
excluded!from!
this!transaction!
and!shall!not!
apply!for!the!
subject!of!the!
warranty.!In!no!
event!shall!DCS!
be!liable!for!any!
special,!
incidental!or!
consequential!
damages!of!any!
nature!
whatsoever!for!
!
59!
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4&921.(+$%((
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4#0#4.(1/(12#(
#'&.1#$3#(/0(
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any!reason!
(including,!
without!
limitation,!lost!
profits,!loss!of!
use,!loss!of!
equipment!or!
loss!of!revenues)!
regardless!of!the!
legal!theory!on!
which!any!such!
claim!may!be!
made,!even!if!
advised!of!the!
possibility!of!
such!damages.!
“!
Enphase!
Energy,!Inc!
Enphase!
Energy!
AC!!
Batteries!
1!August!
2016
111
!
Lithium!
Iron!
Phosphat
e!
1.2kWh/1.14kWh!
!
(per!singular!
modular!battery!
but!the!system!is!
designed!to!be!
scaleable)!
7300!
cycles!at!
95%!
DoD!
!
The!
workmanship!
warranty!
and/or!the!
capacity!
retention!
warranty!may!
be!voided!
prior!to!the!
end!of!the!
warranty!
period!if:!!
(e)!an!AC!
battery!is!kept!
in!an!area!
where!the!
average!
annual!internal!
temperature!is!
over!37
o
C!
In!any!one!(1)!
year!period;!(f)!
an!AC!battery!
is!kept!at!an!
ambient!
temperature!
of:!!
!(i)!55
o
C!for!24!
or!more!
continuous!
hours;!!
(ii)!60
o
C!for!
more!than!one!
(1)!continuous!
hour;!or!(iii)!
70
o
C!at!any!
time;!
1.!Warranty!
Period.!The!
“Warranty!
Period”!(a)!
begins!on!
the!earlier!
of!(i)!6!
months!
from!the!AC!
Battery’s!
date!of!
manufactur
e!or!(ii)!the!
installation!
of!the!AC!
Battery!at!
the!Original!
Location!
(either,!the!
“Warranty!
Start!Date”);!
and!(b)!ends!
10!years!or!
7,300!fully!
discharged!
cycles!
(whichever!
occurs!first)!
from!the!
Warranty!
Start!Date.!If!
Enphase!
repairs!or!
replaces!an!
AC!Battery,!
the!
Workmanshi
p!Warranty!
and!the!
Capacity!
Retention!
Warranty!
will!
continue!on!
the!repaired!
or!
replacement!
AC!Battery!
2.!The!Workmanship!
Warranty.!During!the!
Warranty!Period,!the!
AC!Battery!will,!under!
use!and!conditions!as!
set!forth!in!the!
Installation!Guide!and!
the!Enphase!User!
Manual,!conform!to!
the!AC!Battery!
specifications!set!forth!
on!the!Data!Sheet!
located!at!
https://enphase.com/
en-
au/support/enphase-
acbattery!and!be!free!
from!defects!in!
workmanship!and!
materials.!!
!
3.!Capacity!Retention!
Warranty.!The!AC!
Battery!will!maintain!
the!ability!to!store!and!
discharge!energy!
during!the!Warranty!
Period!at!the!
minimum!percentages!
set!forth!in!the!table!
below!(the!“Capacity!
Retention!Warranty”),!
depending!on!the!
average!annual!
internal!temperature!
in!the!location!in!
which!the!AC!Battery!
is!installed.!Enphase!
will!determine!the!
average!annual!
internal!temperature!
as!measured!by!the!
temperature!sensors!
inside!the!AC!Battery.!
The!rated!capacity!of!
the!AC!Battery!is!
based!on!a!1.2!kWh!
charge!capacity,!as!
The!workmanship!
warranty!and/or!the!
capacity!retention!
warranty!may!be!
Voided!prior!to!the!end!of!
the!warranty!period!if:!(a)!
an!AC!battery!is!not!
registered!with!Enphase!
and!connected!to!the!
internet!within!45!days!
following!
the!Warranty!Start!Date;!
(b)!an!AC!battery!loses!its!
internet!connection!for!
More!than!45!days!at!any!
time!during!the!warranty!
period;!(c)!an!AC!battery!is!
not!installed!pursuant!to!
the!terms!of!the!Quick!
Install!Guide!/!Installation!
Manual;!(d)!the!end!user!
or!the!transferee!fail!to!
follow!any!of!the!operating!
Guidelines!set!forth!in!the!
Enphase!User!Manual;!(e)!
an!AC!battery!is!kept!in!an!
area!where!the!average!
annual!internal!
temperature!is!over!37!
degrees!celsius!
In!any!one!(1)!year!period;!
(f)!an!ac!battery!is!kept!at!
an!ambient!temperature!
of:!!(i)!55!degrees!celsius!
for!24!or!more!continuous!
hours;!(ii)!60!degrees!
celsius!for!
More!than!one!(1)!
continuous!hour;!or!(iii)!70!
degrees!celsius!at!any!
time;!or!(g)!
The!workmanship!
warranty!may!be!voided!if!
the!end!user!fails!to!report!
a!defect!within!90!days.!
6.!Exclusions.!
The!
Workmanship!
Warranty!and!
the!Capacity!
Retention!
Warranty!do!not!
apply!to,!and!
Enphase!will!not!
be!responsible!
for,!any!defect!in!
or!damage!to!
any!AC!Batteries:!
(a)!that!have!
been!misused,!
neglected,!
tampered!with,!
altered,!or!
otherwise!
damaged,!either!
internally!or!
externally;!(b)!
that!have!been!
improperly!
transported,!
handled,!
installed,!
operated,!used!
or!repaired,!
including!use!
under!conditions!
for!which!the!AC!
Battery!was!not!
designed,!use!in!
an!unsuitable!
environment,!or!
use!in!a!manner!
contrary!to!the!
Installation!
Guide!and!the!
Enphase!User!
Manual!or!
applicable!laws!
or!regulations;!
(c)!that!have!
been!subjected!
to!fire,!water,!
generalized!
4.!Remedies.!a.!During!the!
Warranty!Period,!if!Enphase!
establishes!the!existence!of!
a!defect!that!is!covered!by!
the!Workmanship!Warranty,!
Enphase!will,!at!its!option,!
either!(a)!repair!or!replace!
the!AC!Battery!free!of!
charge,!or!(b)!issue!a!
prorated!credit!or!refund!for!
the!AC!Battery!to!the!End!
User!or!Transferee!in!an!
amount!equal!to!the!current!
market!value!at!the!time!the!
End!User!or!Transferee!
notifies!Enphase!of!the!
defect,!as!determined!by!
Enphase.!If!Enphase!elects!
to!repair!or!replace!the!AC!
Battery,!Enphase!will,!at!its!
option,!use!new!or!
reconditioned!parts!or!
products!of!original!or!
improved!design.!b.!During!
the!Warranty!Period,!if!
Enphase!establishes!the!
existence!of!a!defect!that!is!
covered!by!the!Capacity!
Retention!Warranty,!
Enphase!will,!at!its!option,!
either!(a)!provide!a!prorated!
credit!for!the!lost!capacity!
over!the!warranted!term!
towards!the!purchase!of!a!
new!AC!Battery;!or!(b)!
repair!or!replace!the!AC!
Battery!free!of!charge.!If!
Enphase!elects!to!repair!or!
replace!the!AC!Battery,!
Enphase!will,!at!its!option,!
use!new!or!reconditioned!
parts!or!products!of!original!
or!improved!design.!5.!RMA!
Process.!To!obtain!
replacement!service,!credit!
or!refund!(as!applicable)!
under!the!Workmanship!
Warranty!or!the!Capacity!
Yes!–!“Warranty!claims!may!only!
be!made!by!the!end!user!
(pursuant!to!the!terms!of!Section!
5!–!RMA!Process)!who!acquired!
and!put!the!AC!Battery!into!use!
for!the!first!time!(the!“End!
User”)!or!to!a!different!end!user!
(the!“Transferee”)!as!long!as!the!
AC!Battery!remains!at!the!
original!End!User!location!(the!
“Original!Location”)!and!the!
Transferee!submits!to!Enphase!a!
“Change!of!Ownership!Form,”!
and!pays!the!applicable!fee!(the!
“Transfer!Fee”)!within!30!days!
from!the!date!of!transfer!to!the!
Transferee.!This!submission!is!a!
requirement!for!continued!
Warranty!coverage.!The!Transfer!
Fee!is!set!forth!in!the!Change!of!
Ownership!Form,!and!is!subject!
to!reasonable!adjustment!from!
time!to!time!(as!determined!at!
Enphase’s!discretion).!The!
Change!of!Ownership!Form!and!
payment!instructions!are!
available!at!
http://www.enphase.com/warra
nty.!
“!
Yes!-!9.!
Limitation!of!
Liability.!!
!
To!the!extent!
permitted!by!
law!Enphase!
will!not!be!
liable!
For!any!special,!
direct,!indirect,!
incidental!or!
consequential!
damages,!
losses,!
Costs!or!
expenses!
however!
arising,!
whether!in!
contract!or!
tort,!including!
Without!
limitation!any!
economic!
losses!of!any!
kind,!any!loss!
or!damage!to!
Property,!or!
any!personal!
injury.!!
!
To!the!fullest!
extent!
permitted!by!
law,!
Enphase’s!
liability!arising!
out!of!or!
related!to!a!
claim!under!
this!warranty!
with!
Respect!to!an!
individual!ac!
battery!will!not!
exceed!100%!
of!the!
Not!stated!
Yes!
AS/NZS!
4777.2:2005,!
AS/NZS!
4777.2:2015!
AS/NZS!CISPR!22,!
AS/NZS!62040.1.1,!
UN!38.3!
!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
111
!Enphase!Energy!Inc,!AC'Battery'Limited'Warranty'–'Australia'and'New'Zealand!(1!August!2016)!
https://enphase.com/sites/default/files/AC-Battery-Limited-Warranty-AU-NZ.pdf!!
!
60!
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12#(+"",&3+1&/$(
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3/88/$(,+6(
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4&921.(+$%((
%+8+9#.(
M/H#4$&$9(
,+6(
N'",&3&1,-(
4#0#4.(1/(12#(
#'&.1#$3#(/0(
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for!the!
remainder!
of!the!
original!
Warranty!
Period,!as!
long!as!the!
replacement!
AC!Battery!
is!installed!
and!
energized!
within!90!
days!from!
date!of!
receipt!of!
Enphase’s!
return!
shipment!of!
the!repaired!
or!
replacement!
AC!Battery.!
measured!during!a!
continuous!charge!
from!zero!to!full!
capacity!at!a!current!
less!than!10!amps!and!
at!a!temperature!of!
20°C!(+/-!10°C).!!
!
If!the!average!annual!
internal!AC!Battery!
temperature!is!below!
28!degrees!Celsius:!!
WARRANTY!PERIOD:!
AC!BATTERY!
CAPACITY:!!
!
Year!1!of!the!Warranty!
Period!or!0.74!MWh!of!
aggregate!AC!energy!
discharge!throughput,!
whichever!occurs!first!
Cumulative!average!
energy!storage!
capacity!at!least!90%!
of!AC!Battery!
nameplate!rating!!
!
Years!2-5!of!the!
Warranty!Period!or!
3.53!MWh!of!
aggregate!AC!energy!
discharge!throughput,!
whichever!occurs!first!
Cumulative!average!
energy!storage!
capacity!at!least!85%!
of!AC!Battery!
nameplate!rating!!
!
Years!6-10!of!the!
Warranty!Period!or!
6.65!MWh!of!
aggregate!AC!energy!
discharge!throughput,!
whichever!occurs!first!
Cumulative!average!
energy!storage!
capacity!at!least!80%!
of!AC!Battery!
nameplate!rating!
!
!If!the!average!annual!
internal!AC!Battery!
temperature!is!
between!28!degrees!
Celsius!and!37!degrees!
Celsius:!!
!
WARRANTY!PERIOD:!
AC!BATTERY!
CAPACITY:!!
!
Year!1!of!the!Warranty!
Period!or!0.72!MWh!of!
aggregate!AC!energy!
discharge!throughput,!
whichever!occurs!first!
Cumulative!average!
corrosion,!
biological!
infestations,!acts!
of!nature,!or!
input!voltage!
that!creates!
operating!
conditions!
beyond!the!
maximum!or!
minimum!limits!
listed!in!the!AC!
Battery!
specifications,!
including!high!
input!voltage!
from!generators!
or!lightning!
strikes;!(d)!that!
have!been!
subjected!to!
incidental!or!
consequential!
damage!caused!
by!defects!of!
other!
components!of!
the!attached!
solar!system;!or!
(e)!if!the!original!
identification!
markings!
(including!
trademark!or!
serial!number)!of!
such!products!
have!been!
defaced,!altered,!
or!removed.!7.!
Items!Not!
Covered.!The!
Workmanship!
Warranty!and!
the!Capacity!
Retention!
Warranty!does!
not!cover!(a)!
normal!wear!and!
tear!or!
deterioration,!or!
cosmetic,!
technical!or!
design!defects,!
or!shortcomings!
which!do!not!
materially!
influence!or!
affect!energy!
storage!or!
degrade!form,!
fit,!or!function!of!
the!AC!Battery;!
(b)!noise!or!
vibrations!that!is!
not!excessive!or!
uncharacteristic!
and!does!not!
impact!the!AC!
Retention!Warranty,!the!
End!User!or!Transferee!
must:!(a)!notify!the!
Authorized!Reseller!from!
whom!the!AC!Battery!was!
purchased;!(b)!provide!
proof!of!the!original!
purchase;!(c)!provide!a!
description!of!the!alleged!
defect;!(c)!provide!the!
relevant!serial!number!and!
the!Warranty!Start!Date.!
End!Users!or!Transferees!
that!are!unable!to!locate!the!
Authorized!Reseller!from!
whom!the!AC!Battery!was!
purchased,!should!contact!
Enphase:!For!in!country!
support!in!Australia!or!New!
Zealand!please!contact!
Enphase!Customer!Support!
at!
http://enphase.com/global/
au/!or!by!telephone!at!1!800!
006!374!(Australia)!or!+64!
09!887!0421!(New!Zealand).!
!
purchase!price!
Paid!to!
Enphase!for!
such!AC!
battery.!Some!
states!and!
countries!do!
not!allow,!or!
Restrict,!the!
exclusion!or!
limitation!of!
damages,!so!
the!above!
limitation!or!
Exclusion!may!
not!apply,!or!
may!only!apply!
to!a!limited!
extent.!
!
61!
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&$1#4$+1&/$+,(
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energy!storage!
capacity!at!least!88%!
of!AC!Battery!
nameplate!rating!!
!
Years!2-5!of!the!
Warranty!Period!or!
3.32!MWh!of!
aggregate!AC!energy!
discharge!throughput,!
whichever!occurs!first!
Cumulative!average!
energy!storage!
capacity!at!least!80%!
of!AC!Battery!
nameplate!rating!!
!
Years!6-10!of!the!
Warranty!Period!or!
5.82!MWh!of!
aggregate!AC!energy!
discharge!throughput,!
whichever!occurs!first!
Cumulative!average!
energy!storage!
capacity!at!least!70%!
of!AC!Battery!
nameplate!rating!
!
Battery’s!
performance;!(c)!
damage!that!
occurs!during!
shipping!or!
transportation!
after!the!AC!
Battery!is!sold!to!
an!Authorized!
Reseller;!(d)!
damage!or!
deterioration!
that!occurs!after!
the!expiration!or!
voiding!of!the!
applicable!
Warranty!Period!
or!that!is!
reported!more!
than!10!days!
after!the!
expiration!or!
voiding!of!such!
period;!or!(e)!
theft!or!
vandalism!of!the!
AC!Battery!or!
any!of!its!
components.!The!
Workmanship!
Warranty!and!
the!Capacity!
Retention!
Warranty!does!
not!cover!costs!
related!to!the!
removal,!
installation!or!
troubleshooting!
of!the!End!User!
or!the!
Transferee's!
electrical!
systems.!The!
Workmanship!
Warranty!and!
the!Capacity!
Retention!
Warranty!does!
not!extend!
beyond!the!
original!cost!of!
the!AC!Battery.!
!
Fronius!
Fronius!
Solar!
Battery!
4.5!
!
Fronius!
Solar!
Battery!
6.0!
!
1!January!
2017
112
!
Lithium!
iron!
phosphat
e!
4.5kWh/3.6kWh!
!
6kWh/4.8kWh!
!
7.5!kWh/6kWh!
!
9kWh/7.2kWh!
!
10.5kWh/8.4kWh!
!
8,000!
cycles!at!
80%!
DoD!
!
Permissible!
ambient!
temperature!
range! 5!-!
35°C!
!
Permissible!
storage!
temperature!
range!
Fronius!
grants!the!
purchaser!
(end!
consumer)!
of!the!Sony!
“IJ1001M”!
battery!
module!
(hereinafter!
With!the!capacity!
guarantee,!the!
manufacturer!
guarantees!that!a!
minimum!capacity!of!
68%!of!the!rated!
capacity!of!the!Sony!
battery!
module!will!be!
retained!for!up!to!
A!claim!under!the!
warranty!exists!in!the!
event!that!the!maximum!
recoverable!capacity!of!the!
Product!falls!below!68%!of!
the!rated!capacity!
on!the!data!sheet!within!
15!years!after!purchase,!or!
below!80%!of!the!rated!
capacity!on!the!data!sheet!
The!purchaser!of!
the!Product!
cannot!claim!
under!this!
warranty!if!
-!the!Products!
have!not!been!
installed!inside!
(inside!a!
building)!and!an!
In!the!event!of!a!warranty!
claim,!the!value!of!the!
affected!Products!will!be!
replaced!in!compliance!with!
the!conditions!listed!below.!!
The!current!value!of!the!
Products!affected!by!this!
warranty!is!generally!
replaced!through!the!
delivery!of!one!or!more!
Not!stated!
Not!stated!
Not!stated!
Yes!-!The!
benefits!to!
the!
consumer!
given!by!this!
manufacture
r's!warranty!
are!in!
addition!to!
other!rights!
Yes!-!EC/EN!
62133;!EN!61000-
6-2:2005,!EN!
61000-6-3:2007!+!
A1:2011,!EN!
62311:2008,!FCC!
Part!15!Subpart!
B:2012!ClassB,!UN!
38.3!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
112
!Fronius,!Fronius'Energy'Package:'Operating'Instructions'(1!January!2017)!
http://www.fronius.com/cps/rde/xbcr/SID-C2549D97-FAC95D7B/fronius_australia/4204260222EN_008_02022017_547668_snapshot.pdf!
Fronius,!Warranty'Conditions'for'Fronius'Inverters'and'the'Fronius'Datamanager'(1!January!2017)!http://www.fronius.com/cps/rde/xbcr/SID-706ACDA5-4E4F1C25/fronius_international/SE_TOW_EN_AU_55_0117_411519_snapshot.pdf!!
!
62!
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=+44+$1-(
#'3,5.&/$.(
I#8#%&#.(+H+&,+7,#(5$%#4(
6+44+$1-(@4#"+&4J(4#05$%J(
4#",+3#8#$1KC(
=+44+$1-(14+$.0#4("#48&11#%(1/(
.57.#L5#$1("5432+.#4.(
G&8&1+1&/$.(/$(
12#(+"",&3+1&/$(
/0(12#(!;GJ(
3/88/$(,+6(
/4(.1+151/4-(
4&921.(+$%((
%+8+9#.(
M/H#4$&$9(
,+6(
N'",&3&1,-(
4#0#4.(1/(12#(
#'&.1#$3#(/0(
.1+151/4-(
4&921.(5$%#4(
12#(!;G(+$%(
5.#.(
8+$%+1/4-(
,+$95+9#(
;/8",&#.(6&12(
&$1#4$+1&/$+,(
.1+$%+4%.(
Fronius!
Solar!
Battery!
7.5!
!
Fronius!
Solar!
Battery!
9.0!
!
Fronius!
Solar.Bat
tery!10.5!
!
Fronius!
Solar!
Battery!
12.0!
!
12kWh/9.6kWh!
!
!
!
!
!
!
-40!°C!-!65!°C!
!
Permitted!
humidity! 0!-!
95!%!(non-
condensing)!
!
referred!to!
as!the!
Products)!
for!use!as!
the!battery!
system!for!a!
photovoltaic!
storage!
system!a!
two-year!
Fronius!
Warranty!
Plus!
covering!the!
entire!
Fronius!
Solar!
Battery!
from!the!
date!of!
dispatch!
from!the!
Fronius!
factory.!This!
warranty!
can!be!
extended!by!
registering!
online!at!
www.solarw
eb.com!plus!
ensuring!
that!an!
internet!
connection!
is!
established!
at!least!once!
a!month!
between!
Fronius!
Solar.web!
and!the!
Fronius!
Solar!
Battery.!In!
this!case!the!
warranty!
holder!
receives!a!
five-year!
Fronius!
Warranty!
Plus!
covering!the!
Fronius!
Solar!
Battery!plus!
a!fifteen-
year!
capacity!
guarantee!
covering!the!
Sony!
“IJ1001M”!
battery!
module!
used,!which!
fifteen!(15)!years,!
despite!ageing!of!the!
battery!cells.!
within!10!years!after!
purchase.!The!
purchaser!may!claim!on!
the!warranty!only!by!
contacting!a!Fronius!
installer.!The!Fronius!
Repair!Center!will!assess!
the!maximum!
recoverable!capacity,!and!
in!case!of!a!capacity!below!
80%!of!the!rated!capacity,!
the!Repair!Center!will!
repair!or!replace!the!
Product.!The!
battery!components!
supplied!as!replacements!
will!provide!a!recoverable!
capacity!of!over!80%!of!the!
rated!capacity!or!over!68%!
of!the!
rated!capacity!
respectively.!Replaced!
battery!components!shall!
become!the!property!of!
the!manufacturer.!
Costs!incurred!for!the!
assessment!of!the!
warranty!claim!(service!
use,!capacity!testing)!are!
covered!by!this!warranty!
only!in!the!event!of!a!
confirmed!warranty!claim.!
Costs!incurred!for!the!
implementation!of!the!
warranty!claim!(removal!
and!installation!costs,!
transport!costs,!etc.)!
are!not!covered!by!this!
warranty.!
ambient!
temperature!of!5!
to!35!°C!has!not!
been!
maintained;!
-!the!Products!
are!exposed!to!
direct!sunlight,!
heat!from!heat-
generating!
equipment!or!
draught!air!such!
as!in!a!garage;!
-!the!Products!
are!moved!from!
their!original!
installation!
location;!
-!the!Products!
are!not!stored,!
installed,!
commissioned,!
charged,!
operated!and!
maintained!in!
accordance!with!
the!technical!
instructions!as!
per!the!
operating!
instructions;!
-!the!Sony!
battery!module!
was!not!kept!
within!a!specific!
temperature!
range!(see!
table).!The!
battery!
manufacturer!
can!check!the!
temperature!of!
the!Fronius!
Battery!Module!
and!is!able!to!
determine!
whether!the!
required!
temperature!has!
been!maintained!
throughout!the!
entire!service!
life.!
-!the!warranty!
claim!is!not!
submitted!
immediately!and!
no!later!than!14!
days!after!the!
occurrence!of!
abnormalities!
that!may!lead!to!
a!warranty!claim!
as!defined!
above,!in!writing!
by!e-mail!to!
Fronius.!In!
addition,!the!
replacement!Products!or!
through!repair!of!the!
Products.!
!
The!unexpired!portion!of!
the!Warranty!
Period!will!apply!to!the!
replaced!or!repaired!
Products.!Replacement!or!
Repair!of!Products!under!
the!terms!of!the!warranty!
does!not!provide!the!right!
to!a!renewal!of!the!
Warranty!Period.!
and!
remedies!of!
the!
consumer!
that!are!
stipulated!
by!law,!and!
which!are!
not!affected!
by!this!
manufacture
r's!warranty.!
Our!goods!
come!with!
guarantees!
that!cannot!
be!excluded!
under!the!
Australian!
Consumer!
Law.!You!are!
entitled!to!a!
replacement!
or!refund!for!
a!major!
failure!and!
for!
compensati
on!for!any!
other!
reasonably!
foreseeable!
loss!or!
damage.!
You!are!also!
entitled!to!
have!the!
goods!
repaired!or!
replaced!if!
the!goods!
fail!to!be!of!
acceptable!
quality!and!
the!failure!
does!not!
amount!to!a!
major!
failure.!
!
!
63!
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>+11#4-(
32#8&.14-(
>+11#4-(.&?#(
@A/1+,B5.+7,#(
3+"+3&1-C(
D#"12(
/0(
%&.32+49
#(
E"#4+1&$9(
1#8"F(
B+87&#$1(
1#8"FB(
258&%&1-((
4+$9#(
(
(
G#$912(/0(
6+44+$1-(
=+44+$1-(3/H#4+9#(
=+44+$1-(3/$%&1&/$.(
=+44+$1-(
#'3,5.&/$.(
I#8#%&#.(+H+&,+7,#(5$%#4(
6+44+$1-(@4#"+&4J(4#05$%J(
4#",+3#8#$1KC(
=+44+$1-(14+$.0#4("#48&11#%(1/(
.57.#L5#$1("5432+.#4.(
G&8&1+1&/$.(/$(
12#(+"",&3+1&/$(
/0(12#(!;GJ(
3/88/$(,+6(
/4(.1+151/4-(
4&921.(+$%((
%+8+9#.(
M/H#4$&$9(
,+6(
N'",&3&1,-(
4#0#4.(1/(12#(
#'&.1#$3#(/0(
.1+151/4-(
4&921.(5$%#4(
12#(!;G(+$%(
5.#.(
8+$%+1/4-(
,+$95+9#(
;/8",&#.(6&12(
&$1#4$+1&/$+,(
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includes!
repair!or!
replacement!
in!the!
scenarios!
listed!below!
(see!table).!
!
Overview!of!
warranty!
product,!
warranty!
service!and!
warranty!
period:!
Fronius!
Solar!
Battery!
Warranty!
services!
from!
dispatch!
from!
Fronius!
factory!
Fronius!
Warranty!
Plus!
Warranty!
services!
from!
dispatch!
from!
Fronius!
factory!2!
years!Free!
warranty!
extension!
available!if!
registered!
at!
www.solarw
eb.com!
within!30!
months!of!
dispatch!
from!the!
Fronius!
factory!⁄!
Fronius!
Warranty!
Plus:!to!5!
years!for!the!
Fronius!
Solar!
Battery!plus!
with!
monthly!
internet!
connection!
between!
Fronius!
Solar.web!
and!the!
Fronius!
Solar!
Battery,!
Fronius!
purchaser!must!–!
following!prior!
consultation!–!
ensure!that!
SONY!or!Fronius!
representatives!
have!access!to!
the!installed!
Products!during!
usual!business!
hours!for!the!
purpose!of!
inspection!in!
order!to!fulfil!the!
warranty!claim.!!
!
The!warranty!
does!not!apply!
to!Products!that:!
-!have!been!
modified!or!used!
with!
components!not!
authorised!by!
SONY;!!
-!have!been!
physically!
damaged;!!
have!been!
improperly,!
negligently!or!
inappropriately!
handled!in!any!
other!manner;!!
-!are!damaged!
with!regard!to!
their!
functionality!due!
to!external!
influences!for!
which!SONY!is!
not!responsible,!
such!as!a!natural!
disaster,!
including!floods!
and!storms!
(force!majeure);!
-!have!exceeded!
5475!charging!
cycles.!Cycles!
can!be!checked!
either!via!the!
inverter!or!web!
server,!whereby!
one!cycle!
corresponds!to!a!
complete!
discharge!and!
recharge;!!
-!relate!to!a!
Fronius!hybrid!
inverter!as!the!
warranty!
product!and!
which!has!spent!
more!than!15%!
of!its!operating!
hours!being!used!
!
64!
;/8"+$-(
<4/%531(
=+44+$1-(
%+1#(
>+11#4-(
32#8&.14-(
>+11#4-(.&?#(
@A/1+,B5.+7,#(
3+"+3&1-C(
D#"12(
/0(
%&.32+49
#(
E"#4+1&$9(
1#8"F(
B+87&#$1(
1#8"FB(
258&%&1-((
4+$9#(
(
(
G#$912(/0(
6+44+$1-(
=+44+$1-(3/H#4+9#(
=+44+$1-(3/$%&1&/$.(
=+44+$1-(
#'3,5.&/$.(
I#8#%&#.(+H+&,+7,#(5$%#4(
6+44+$1-(@4#"+&4J(4#05$%J(
4#",+3#8#$1KC(
=+44+$1-(14+$.0#4("#48&11#%(1/(
.57.#L5#$1("5432+.#4.(
G&8&1+1&/$.(/$(
12#(+"",&3+1&/$(
/0(12#(!;GJ(
3/88/$(,+6(
/4(.1+151/4-(
4&921.(+$%((
%+8+9#.(
M/H#4$&$9(
,+6(
N'",&3&1,-(
4#0#4.(1/(12#(
#'&.1#$3#(/0(
.1+151/4-(
4&921.(5$%#4(
12#(!;G(+$%(
5.#.(
8+$%+1/4-(
,+$95+9#(
;/8",&#.(6&12(
&$1#4$+1&/$+,(
.1+$%+4%.(
capacity!
guarantee:!
to!15!years!
for!Sony!
battery!
module!**)!
Fronius!
Warranty:!
to!7!years!
Warranty!
extension!
can!be!
purchased!
from!your!
installer!
within!30!
months!of!
dispatch!
from!the!
Fronius!
factory!*)!
Fronius!
Warranty!or!
Fronius!
Warranty!
Plus!⁄!to!10!
years!
!
The!
warranty!
begins!from!
the!date!of!
dispatch!
from!the!
Fronius!
factory!and!
ends!two!(2)!
or!fifteen!
(15)!
years!after!
the!
purchase!
date!
(“Warranty!
Period”).!In!
order!to!
determine!
the!date!of!
the!initial!
purchase,!
the!
purchaser!
must!keep!
the!
original!
sales!receipt!
for!the!
entire!
Warranty!
Period!and!
must!
present!this!
to!SONY!on!
request.!
!
!
in!emergency!
power!mode.!
This!condition!
applies!after!the!
hybrid!inverter!
has!spent!1500!
hours!operating!
in!emergency!
power!mode.!
!
!
65!
;/8"+$-(
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=+44+$1-(
%+1#(
>+11#4-(
32#8&.14-(
>+11#4-(.&?#(
@A/1+,B5.+7,#(
3+"+3&1-C(
D#"12(
/0(
%&.32+49
#(
E"#4+1&$9(
1#8"F(
B+87&#$1(
1#8"FB(
258&%&1-((
4+$9#(
(
(
G#$912(/0(
6+44+$1-(
=+44+$1-(3/H#4+9#(
=+44+$1-(3/$%&1&/$.(
=+44+$1-(
#'3,5.&/$.(
I#8#%&#.(+H+&,+7,#(5$%#4(
6+44+$1-(@4#"+&4J(4#05$%J(
4#",+3#8#$1KC(
=+44+$1-(14+$.0#4("#48&11#%(1/(
.57.#L5#$1("5432+.#4.(
G&8&1+1&/$.(/$(
12#(+"",&3+1&/$(
/0(12#(!;GJ(
3/88/$(,+6(
/4(.1+151/4-(
4&921.(+$%((
%+8+9#.(
M/H#4$&$9(
,+6(
N'",&3&1,-(
4#0#4.(1/(12#(
#'&.1#$3#(/0(
.1+151/4-(
4&921.(5$%#4(
12#(!;G(+$%(
5.#.(
8+$%+1/4-(
,+$95+9#(
;/8",&#.(6&12(
&$1#4$+1&/$+,(
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GCL!System!
Integration!
Technology!
Co.,!Ltd!
E-KwBe!
NC/S!
2.5kWH!
and!E-
KwBe!
NC/S!5.6!
kWh!
6!January!
2017
113
!
Lithium-
Ion!(NMC)!
E-KwBe!NC/S!
2.5kWH/1.5kW!
!
E-KwBe!NC/S!5.6!
kWh/3kW!
!
2,555!
cycles!@!
100%!
DoD!
!
Operating!
temperature:!!
0-45!°C!
!
Ambient!
temperature:!
Must!not!
exceed!50
o
C!
!
Humidity:!!
25-95!%!
!
7!years!
!
“Warranty!
Starting!
Date”!of!a!
Product!
shall!mean!
the!
invoicing!
date!
indicated!on!
the!
invoice(s)!
issued!to!
the!
Customer!
for!the!
acquisition!
of!the!
Product.!If!
there!are!
more!than!
one!invoices!
issued!for!
the!Product,!
Warranty!
Starting!
Date!shall!
mean!the!
earliest!
invoicing!
date!on!any!
of!those!
Products.!
!
GCL!
System!Integration!
Technology!Co.,!Ltd!
(“GCLSI”)!provides!
performance!warranty!
for!the!
Products!as!described!
in!detail!below!
(hereinafter!
collectively!referred!to!
as!“Limited!
Warranty”).!
!
GCLSI!provides!to!the!
Customer!the!below!
Limited!Warranty!with!
respect!to!the!capacity!
of!the!Product!(the!
“Warranted!
Capacity”):!(i)!The!
Product!shall!have!not!
less!than!87%!of!its!
Nominal!Capacity!
measured!under!
Standard!
Measurement!
Condition!within!2!
years!from!the!
Warranty!Starting!
Date;!and!(ii)!The!
Product!shall!have!not!
less!than!75%!of!its!
Nominal!Capacity!
measured!under!
Standard!
Measurement!
Condition!within!7!
years!from!the!
Warranty!Starting!
Date.!!
!
For!the!avoidance!of!
any!possible!doubt,!
the!Limited!Warranty!
provided!by!GCLSI!
does!not!cover!any!
cosmetic!changes!or!
defects,!normal!noise!
or!vibration,!normal!
wear!and!tear,!to!the!
extent!it!does!not!
result!in!the!Product’s!
performing!below!the!
applicable!Warranted!
Capacity!
!
3.1.Warranty!claim(s)!will!
only!be!accepted!when!
being!put!forward!within!
the!applicable!warranty!
period.!Without!prejudice!
to!the!foregoing,!warranty!
claim(s)!shall!be!made!
within!21!days!upon!the!
Customer!because!aware!
or!should!have!been!aware!
of!the!under!performance!
of!the!Products.!3.2.If!the!
Customer!has!a!justified!
warranty!claim!covered!by!
the!Limited!Warranty,!an!
immediate!notification!
shall!be!filed!directly!(i)!to!
GCLSI,!by!mailing!a!
registered!letter!in!writing,!
or!sending!an!email!to!
GCLSI’s!email!account!
listed!hereunder;!and!(ii)!
to!the!vendor!from!whom!
the!Customer!purchased!
the!Products.!Together!
with!the!notification,!the!
Customer!shall!provide:!(i)!
the!name!and!address!of!
the!Customer!(and!its!
distributor!and!installer,!
where!applicable);!(ii)!
evidence!showing!the!
Product!has!been!under-
performing;!and!(iii)!other!
documents,!evidence,!or!
information!as!may!be!
required!by!GCLSI!or!the!
agent!appointed!by!GCLSI!
to!deal!with!such!warranty!
claim.!3.3.GCLSI!or!
approved!agent!of!GCLSI!
will!examine!the!evidences!
and!documents!provided!
by!the!Customer!and!may!
request!the!Customer!to!
deliver!the!allegedly!
defective!Products!to!be!
designated!by!GCLSI!or!
GCLSI’s!approved!agent!for!
further!examination,!
inspection!and!verification.!
3.4.After!examination,!
inspection!and!verification!
of!relevant!evidences!(and!
Product(s),!where!
applicable):!(i)!if!GCLSI!or!
approved!agent!of!GCLSI!
determines!that!it!has!
been!substantiated!that!
the!Products!are!
performing!below!the!
applicable!Warranted!
Capacity,!before!GCLSI!or!
approved!agent!of!GCLSI!
would!be!obligated!to!
2.!The!Limited!
Warranted!shall!
not!be!
applicable,!if:!(1)!
any!one!of!the!
below!conditions!
or!prerequisites!
is!not!satisfied!or!
met:!(A)!The!
ambient!
temperature!
during!the!
operation!of!the!
Product!must!
not!fall!below!0!
oC!or!exceed!45!
oC!;!and!(B)!The!
Product(s)!must!
not!be!exposed!
to!a!temperature!
exceeding!50!oC!
;!and!(C)!The!
Product(s)!has!
been!and!will!be!
configured!for!
rapid!daily!cycles!
use:!and!(D)!The!
installation!of!
the!Product(s)!
has!been!or!will!
be!completed!
within!twelve!
(12)!months!
from!the!date!of!
manufacturing!
date!of!the!
Product(s);!or!(2)!
the!Product(s)!is!
subject!to!
accident!or!
inappropriate!
transportation,!
storage!or!
handling;!(3)!the!
Product(s)!is!
subject!to!non-
observance!of!
GCLSI’s!
installation!
manual!or!
maintenance!
instruction;!(4)!
the!Product(s)!is!
subject!to!
operation,!
reparation,!
maintenance,!
modification!or!
alteration!by!
someone!other!
than!an!
approved!
technical!of!
GCLSI;!(5)!the!
Product(s)!is!
1.4.In!a!case!where!the!
actual!capacity!of!the!
Product!is!below!the!
aforementioned!Warranted!
Capacity,!owing!to!any!
significant!defects!in!
materials!and!workmanship,!
GCLSI!may!judge,!at!its!sole!
discretion,!and!at!its!option!
either!to!repair!or!replace!
the!defective!Product!with!a!
new!or!refurbished!Product.!
1.5.In!the!event!the!Product!
is!no!longer!available!in!the!
market,!GCLSI!may,!at!its!
option,!replace!it!with!a!
different!product!with!
equivalent!functions!and!
performance!or!refund!the!
remaining!annually!
depreciated!value!of!the!
purchase!price!over!the!
term!of!Limited!Warranty!
beginning!from!the!date!of!
invoice.!1.6.These!remedies!
set!forth!in!this!Article!1!
(Limited!Warranty)!shall!be!
the!sole!and!exclusive!
remedies!under!the!Limited!
Warranty!and!shall!not!
extend!the!original!warranty!
period!of!the!Limited!
Warranty!
!
The!Limited!Warranty!is!
extended!to!and!only!extended!
to!the!end!customer!that!has!
acquired!the!Products!for!the!
purpose!of!on-site!use!(the!
“Customer”).!The!Limited!
Warranty!cannot!be!transferred!
without!prior!written!consent!
from!GCLSI.!
!
The!limited!
warranty!as!set!
forth!herein!is!
expressly!in!
lieu!of!and!
excludes!all!
other!express!
or!implied!
warranties,!
including!
without!
limitation!
warranties!of!
merchantabilit
y!and!of!fitness!
for!particular!
purpose,!use!or!
application,!
and!all!other!
obligations!or!
liabilities!on!
the!part!of!
GCLSI,!unless!
such!other!
obligations!or!
liabilities!are!
expressly!
agreed!to!in!
writing!signed!
and!approved!
by!GCLSI.!GCLSI!
shall!have!no!
responsibility!
or!liability!
whatsoever!for!
damages!or!
injury!to!
persons!or!
property,!or!for!
other!loss!or!
injury!resulting!
from!any!cause!
whatsoeever!
arising!out!of!
or!related!to!
the!modules,!
including!
without!
limitation,!any!
defects!in!the!
products,!or!
from!use!or!
installation.!
Under!no!
circumstances!
shall!GCLSI!be!
liable!for!
incidental,!
consequential!
or!special!
dmamages,!
howsoever!
caused,!even!if!
advised!of!
possibility!of!
Not!stated!
No!
Not!stated!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
113
!GCL!System!Integration!Technology!Co.,!Ltd,!Limited'Warranty'for'E-KWBE'Energy'Storage'System!(6!January!2014)!
http://en.gclsi.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/E-KwBe-NCS-Warranty-EN.pdf!!
!
66!
;/8"+$-(
<4/%531(
=+44+$1-(
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32#8&.14-(
>+11#4-(.&?#(
@A/1+,B5.+7,#(
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D#"12(
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%&.32+49
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1#8"F(
B+87&#$1(
1#8"FB(
258&%&1-((
4+$9#(
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(
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6+44+$1-(
=+44+$1-(3/H#4+9#(
=+44+$1-(3/$%&1&/$.(
=+44+$1-(
#'3,5.&/$.(
I#8#%&#.(+H+&,+7,#(5$%#4(
6+44+$1-(@4#"+&4J(4#05$%J(
4#",+3#8#$1KC(
=+44+$1-(14+$.0#4("#48&11#%(1/(
.57.#L5#$1("5432+.#4.(
G&8&1+1&/$.(/$(
12#(+"",&3+1&/$(
/0(12#(!;GJ(
3/88/$(,+6(
/4(.1+151/4-(
4&921.(+$%((
%+8+9#.(
M/H#4$&$9(
,+6(
N'",&3&1,-(
4#0#4.(1/(12#(
#'&.1#$3#(/0(
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perform!relevant!warranty!
obligations!pursuant!to!the!
Limited!Warranty,!the!
Customer!will!be!required!
to!immediately!furnish!to!
GCLSI!or!approved!agent!
of!GCLSI!the!original!
invoice(s)!issued!to!the!
Customer!when!the!
Customer!purchased!the!
Product(s)!concerns.!(ii)!If!
GCLSI!or!approved!agent!
of!GCLSI!determines!that!
the!result!has!indicated!
that!the!Product(s)!has!
been!performing!in!
conformity!with!the!
applicable!Warranted!
Capacity,!the!Customer!
shall!be!obligated!to!
reimburse!GCLSI!and!
approved!agent!of!GCLSI!
the!costs!and!expenses!
incurred!by!them!in!
relation!to!such!testing,!
examination!and!
verification.!3.5.No!
warranty!claim(s)!will!be!
honored!if:!(i)!The!type!or!
serial!number!of!the!
Products!have!been!
altered,!removed!or!been!
made!illegible;!or!(ii)!The!
Customer!fails!to!provide!
to!GCLSI!the!original!copies!
of:!(1)!a!full!set!of!invoices!
issued!by!the!vendor!to!
the!Customer!for!the!
Customer’s!purchase!of!
the!Products!involved!in!
the!warranty!claim(s);!(2)!
the!warranty!certificate!
issued!by!GCLSI;!and!(3)!
other!evidence,!
information,!document!
and!datas!that!GCLSI!might!
request!the!Customer!to!
provide,!to!assess!the!
actual!performance!of!the!
Products;!and!(iii)!a!valid!
warranty!claim!is!not!
submitted!to!GCLSI!within!
10!days!after!relevant!
applicable!warranty!
period.!
!
!
subject!to!any!
change!or!
attempt!to!
change!the!life!of!
the!Product!or!
any!improve!or!
attempt!to!
improve!the!
Product,!without!
prior!written!
consent!from!
GCLSI;!(6)!the!
Product(s)!is!
subject!to!any!
damage!due!to!
abnormal!
operation!
environment!or!
other!reasons;!
(7)!the!
Product(s)!was!
or!is!removed,!
reinstalled,!
relocated!or!
otherwise!
altered!from!its!
original!installed!
location;!(8)!the!
Product(s)!is!or!
was!applied!to!
non-intended!
uses;!the!
Product(s)!is!
subject!to!force!
majeure!events!
or!invents,!
including!but!not!
limited!with!
lightening,!flood,!
fire,!earthquake,!
extreme!hot!or!
cold!whether!
etc.;!or!(9)!the!
Product(s)!is!
subject!to!other!
incidents!or!
events!that!are!
beyond!GCLSI’s!
reasonable!
control.!
!
!
such!damages.!
Loss!of!use,!
loss!of!profits,!
loss!of!
production,!
any!losss!of!
revenues!are!
specifically!and!
without!
limitation!
excluded.!
!
LG!Chem,!Ltd!
RESU3.3,!
RESU6.5,!
RESU10!
11!January!
2017
114
!
Lithium-
Ion!(NMC)!
RESU3.3:!
!
RESU6.5:!
6.5kWh/5.9kWh!
!
RESU10:!
3,200!
cycles!at!
90%!
DoD!
!
The!ambient!
temperature!
during!the!
operation!of!
the!Products!
shall!not!fall!
10!years!
from!the!
initial!
installation!
date.!
3.!Performance!
Warranty!(Standard)!
LGC!warrants!and!
represents!that!the!
Product!retains!at!
least!60%!of!Nominal!
6.!Claim!Payment!Policy!
Claims!under!this!
Warranty!must!be!made!
by!notifying!the!
Authorized!Reseller!from!
whom!the!Product!was!
2-3.!Exclusion!of!
Warranty!!
!
Damage!to!the!
Products!
resulting!from!
2-2.!Limitation!of!Warranty!
scope!LGC's!liability!under!
this!Warranty!shall!be!
limited!to!replacement,!
repair,!refund!and!
compensation.!Replaced!or!
No!“This!warranty!only!applies!to!
the!Buyer!who!have!purchased!
the!Products!for!their!own!use.”!!
Not!stated!
This!Warranty!
is!subject!to!
the!law!of!
Australian!
State.!!
Yes!-!
Products!
come!with!
guarantees!
that!cannot!
be!excluded!
Cell!UL1642!
Product!CE!/!RCM!
/!TUV!(IEC!62619)!
/!UL1973!
!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
114
!LG!Chem!Ltd,!LG'Chem'Lithium-ion'Battery'Limited'Warranty:'RESU3.3'/'RESU6.5'/'RESU10'Battery'Storage'System,!(11!January!2017)!SolarQuotes!
http://www.solarquotes.com.au/blog/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/20170111-RESU3.3_6.5_10-LG-Chem-Lithium-
ion-Battery-Limited-Warranty-AU.pdf!!
!
67!
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6+44+$1-(
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=+44+$1-(3/$%&1&/$.(
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I#8#%&#.(+H+&,+7,#(5$%#4(
6+44+$1-(@4#"+&4J(4#05$%J(
4#",+3#8#$1KC(
=+44+$1-(14+$.0#4("#48&11#%(1/(
.57.#L5#$1("5432+.#4.(
G&8&1+1&/$.(/$(
12#(+"",&3+1&/$(
/0(12#(!;GJ(
3/88/$(,+6(
/4(.1+151/4-(
4&921.(+$%((
%+8+9#.(
M/H#4$&$9(
,+6(
N'",&3&1,-(
4#0#4.(1/(12#(
#'&.1#$3#(/0(
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5.#.(
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;/8",&#.(6&12(
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9.8kWh/8.8kWh!
below!-10
o
C!or!
exceed!45
o
C!
!
Energy!for!the!either!
10!years!after!the!date!
of!the!initial!
installation!or!for!a!
minimum!Energy!
Throughput!as!per!the!
table!below!
(whichever!comes!
first)!when!the!battery!
system!is!operated!
under!a!normal!use!
followed!by!the!
specification!and!the!
manual!provided!by!
LGC.!The!term!
“Nominal!Energy”!
herein!means!the!
initially!rated!capacity!
of!the!Products!as!
printed!on!the!label!of!
the!Products.!The!
precondition!of!the!
valid!10!year!
Performance!Warranty!
shall!be!as!follows:!(i)!
The!ambient!
temperature!during!
the!operation!of!the!
Products!shall!not!fall!
below!-100C!or!exceed!
450C!(ii)!The!energy!
throughput!is!less!than!
values!in!table!below:!!
!
Product!Name!
Nominal!Energy!
Energy!Throughput!!
!
RESU3.3!!
3.3kWh!!
10.0MWh!!
!
RESU6.5!!
6.5kWh!!
20.0MWh!!
!
RESU10!!
9.8kWh!!
30.0MWh!
!
purchased.!For!a!Warranty!
Claim!to!be!processed,!it!
must!include!following!
items;!(1)!Proof!of!the!
original!purchase!(2)!
Description!of!the!alleged!
defect(s)!from!authorized!
service!center!(3)!The!
relevant!Product’s!serial!
number!and!the!initial!
installation!date!Buyers!
who!are!unable!to!contact!
the!Authorized!Reseller!
from!whom!the!Product!
was!purchased!should!
contact!LGC!at!the!Q&A!
page!of!the!LGC!Partner!
Website!
http://www.lgesspartner.c
om!
!
any!of!following!
activities!is!NOT!
covered!by!this!
Limited!
Warranty:!!
•!Improper!
transportation,!
storage,!
installation!or!
wiring!by!Buyer!!
•!Modification,!
alteration,!
disassembly,!
repair!or!replace!
by!someone!
other!than!a!
personnel!
certified!by!LGC!
•!Noncompliance!
with!LGC’s!
official!
installation!
manual!!
•!External!
influences!
including!
unusual!physical!
or!electrical!
stress!(power!
failure!surges,!
inrush!current,!
lightning,!flood,!
fire,!accidental!
breakage,!etc.)!!
•!Use!of!an!
incompatible!
inverter,!rectifier!
or!PCS.!
!
repaired!Products!shall!be!
warranted!for!the!
remainder!of!the!original!
Term!of!Performance!
Warranty.!In!any!event,!the!
replacement!shall!not!justify!
the!renewal!of!the!Term!of!
Performance!Warranty.!
!
About!Service!
Products/Parts!Service!
products/parts!are!able!to!
be!used!as!new!or!
refurbished!condition!which!
performance!is!equal!to!or!
higher!than!defective!
Products!and!guaranteed!by!
LGC.!In!the!event!the!
Products!are!not!available!in!
the!market!anymore,!LGC,!
at!its!option,!may!replace!it!
with!different!kind!of!
product!with!equivalent!
functions!and!performances!
or!refund!the!remaining!
annually!depreciated!value!
of!the!purchase!price!of!the!
Products!during!the!Term!of!
Performance!Warranty!as!
the!Compensation!Scheme!
below.!The!purchase!price!
mentioned!hereinabove!
means!the!list!price!actually!
paid!by!the!Buyer!for!the!
purchase.!!
!
!Compensation!Scheme!-!
CLASS!I!:!100%!of!the!
purchase!price!from!the!
initial!installation!date!to!
24th!month!!
CLASS!II!:!72%!of!the!
purchase!price!from!25th!to!
36th!month!!
CLASS!III!:!58%!of!the!
purchase!price!from!37th!to!
48th!month!!
CLASS!IV!:!44%!of!the!
purchase!price!from!49th!to!
60th!month!!
CLASS!V!:!30%!of!the!
purchase!price!from!61st!to!
72nd!month!!
CLASS!VI!:!16%!of!the!
purchase!price!from!73rd!to!
84th!month!!
CLASS!VII!:!6%!of!the!
purchase!price!from!85th!to!
96th!month!CLASS!VIII:!4%!
of!the!purchase!price!from!
97th!to!108th!month!!
CLASS!IX!:!2%!of!the!
purchase!price!from!109th!
to!120th!month!!
!
No!warranty!of!performance!
will!be!provided!from!the!
121st!month!
under!the!
Australian!
Consumer!
Law.!The!
Buyer!is!
entitled!to!a!
replacement!
or!refund!for!
a!major!
failure!and!
compensati
on!for!any!
other!
reasonably!
foreseeable!
loss!or!
damage.!The!
Buyer!is!also!
entitled!to!
have!the!
goods!
repaired!or!
replaced!if!
the!Products!
fail!to!be!of!
acceptable!
quality!and!
the!failure!
does!not!
amount!to!a!
major!
failure.!The!
benefits!to!
the!
consumer!
given!by!the!
warranty!are!
in!addition!
to!any!other!
rights!and!
remedies!of!
the!
consumer!
under!a!law!
in!relation!to!
the!goods!or!
services!to!
which!the!
warranty!
relates.!!
!
!
68!
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=+44+$1-(3/$%&1&/$.(
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4#",+3#8#$1KC(
=+44+$1-(14+$.0#4("#48&11#%(1/(
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G&8&1+1&/$.(/$(
12#(+"",&3+1&/$(
/0(12#(!;GJ(
3/88/$(,+6(
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%+8+9#.(
M/H#4$&$9(
,+6(
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4#0#4.(1/(12#(
#'&.1#$3#(/0(
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5.#.(
8+$%+1/4-(
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&$1#4$+1&/$+,(
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!
!
Pylon!Tech!
US2000B!
Not!
stated
115
!
Lithium!
Iron!
Phosphat
e!
2.4kWh/1.92kWh!
6,000!
cycles!at!
80%!
DoD!
!
Operating!
temperature!
range:!
-10°C!to!50°C!
!
Product!
warranty!
runs!for!120!
months!(if!
registered)!
or!for!60!
months!(if!
not!
registered).!!
!
The!product!
warranty!
date!starts!
from!one!of!
the!
following!
date!which!
is!prior!to!
the!other:!1.!
The!system!
registration!
date!2.!Six!
months!
after!date!of!
manufactur
e.!
!
Note:!the!
warranty!
period!will!
be!end!
within!60!
months!
after!the!
leaving!date!
of!product!
from!
Pylontech!
factory!
when!any!
failures!to!
register!
online!
happen.!
!
Pylontech!guarantees!
the!material!and!
performance!of!its!
products!being!free!of!
defects!and!the!
capacity!retention!
being!not!less!than!
80%!within!120!
months!(hereof!refer!
to!”products!warranty!
period”)!!
!
To!benefit!from!the!
warranty,!customers!must!
successfully!register!and!
fulfill!the!information!
online!at!their!website.!
!
The!products!which!are!
guaranteed!should!be!
installed!operated!and!
maintained!according!to!
the!specifications!
identified!in!the!products!
installation!manual![…]!and!
be!free!of!any!damage.!
!
Accumulated!discharge!
energy!should!not!be!more!
than!350!times!of!Nominal!
Energy!per!year.!The!
warranted!usable!energy!
will!be!adjusted!every!year!
if!the!customer!fails!to!
fulfill!such!requirement!
according!to!the!following!
conditions:!Yearly!Use!Rate!
[%]!=!(Accumulated!
Energy-14000Ah)!/!
14000Ah!x!100%!(14000!
Ah=350x50Ahx80%)!!
!
-!If!0%!!Use!Rate!!10%,!
then!the!warranted!usable!
energy!will!be!reduced!by!
Use!Rate!X!0.3;!!
!
-!If!10%!≤!Use!Rate!20%,!
then!the!warranted!usable!
energy!will!be!reduced!by!
Use!Rate!X!0.5;!!
!
-!If!20%!≤!Use!Rate!30%,!
then!the!warranted!usable!
energy!will!be!reduced!by!
Use!Rate!X!1.0;!!
!
-!If!30%!≤!Use!Rate,!then!
the!warranted!usable!
energy!will!be!reduced!by!
Use!Rate!X!1.5.!
!
Pylontech!should!be!
informed!within!48!hours!
via!email!to!calling!in!case!
of!any!products!problems!
or!defects!that!should!be!
claimed!for!warranty.!The!
root!analysis!is!necessary!
during!claim!and!the!final!
verification!should!be!
decided!by!Pylontech.!For!
a!warranty!claim,!following!
documents!are!required:!
1)!Register!number!and!
No!liabilities!
would!be!taken!
by!Pylontech!for!
products!
warranty!if!any!
indirect!damages!
or!defects!
caused!by!the!
following:!!
1.!Installed!with!
inverter!which!
have!not!been!
tested!by!
Pylontech;!!
!
2.!Use!of!a!
inverter!that!fails!
to!meet!the!
requirements,!
such!like!the!
parameter!of!
inverter!is!not!
compatible!with!
battery!including!
but!not!limited!
to!peak!voltage!
or!current;!!
!
3.!Battery!
damage!caused!
by!inverter!
failure;!!
!
4.!Battery!have!
not!been!
recharged!within!
12!hours!after!
low!voltage!
production!
startup;!!
!
5.!Battery!has!
been!treated!
improperly,!
negligently!in!
any!other!
inappropriate!
way,!including!
use!outside!of!
recommended!
ambient!
condition,!and!
the!ambient!
temperature!
shall!be!in!range!
of!-10℃~50℃!
with!the!current!
limit:!!
■!40~50℃:!10A!
charging!and!
discharging;!!
■!10~40℃:!25A!
charging!and!
In!case!of!any!failures!to!
confirm!to!the!above!
indications!from!the!
customer!side!with!in!the!
warranty!period,!Pylontech!
has!the!right!to!decide!the!
way!to!offer!the!service!of!
repair,!or!replacement!with!
new!or!refurbished!
products.!
!
The!warranty!of!
replacement!and!repaired!
product!should!be!kept!in!
line!with!the!original!
warranty!period.!If!any!
claiming!products!are!not!
available!in!the!market!
anymore!because!of!
improvement!or!updating,!
Pylontech!has!the!right!to!
replace!with!different!kind!
of!parts!or!components!
according!to!the!latest!
technical!standards.!
Compensation!scheme!
based!on!original!purchase!
price!follows!as:!!
<!6!months,!100%!of!the!
purchase!price;!!
<!12!months,!75%!of!the!
purchase!price;!!
<!24!months,!55%!of!the!
purchase!price;!!
<!36!months,!35%!of!the!
purchase!price;!!
<!48!months,!25%!of!the!
purchase!price;!!
<!60!months,!15%!of!the!
purchase!price;!!
<!72!months,!12%!of!the!
purchase!price;!!
<!84!months,!7%!of!the!
purchase!price;!!
<!96!months,!4%!of!the!
purchase!price;!!
<!108!months,!2%!of!the!
purchase!price;!!
<!120!months,!1%!of!the!
purchase!price;!!
≥!120!months,!out!of!
warranty.!
!
Not!stated!
Except!as!
herein!
expressly!
stated,!there!
are!no!
warranties!or!
conditions!
beyond!the!
law.!The!
parties!(Pylon!
and!resellers!
partners!or!
customers)!
agree!the!
warranty!
hereof.!In!no!
event,!
Pylontech!
should!be!
liable!for!any!
special,!
incidental!or!
consequential!
damages!of!
any!nature!
advised!of!
possibility!of!
such!damages!
!
Not!stated!
No!
Not!stated!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
115
!Pylon!Technologies!Co!Ltd,!Lithium-Iron'Phosphate'Battery'US2000B'Product'Manual,!
http://www.s-power.cz/wp-content/uploads/pylontech-us2000b-manual.pdf!!
!
69!
;/8"+$-(
<4/%531(
=+44+$1-(
%+1#(
>+11#4-(
32#8&.14-(
>+11#4-(.&?#(
@A/1+,B5.+7,#(
3+"+3&1-C(
D#"12(
/0(
%&.32+49
#(
E"#4+1&$9(
1#8"F(
B+87&#$1(
1#8"FB(
258&%&1-((
4+$9#(
(
(
G#$912(/0(
6+44+$1-(
=+44+$1-(3/H#4+9#(
=+44+$1-(3/$%&1&/$.(
=+44+$1-(
#'3,5.&/$.(
I#8#%&#.(+H+&,+7,#(5$%#4(
6+44+$1-(@4#"+&4J(4#05$%J(
4#",+3#8#$1KC(
=+44+$1-(14+$.0#4("#48&11#%(1/(
.57.#L5#$1("5432+.#4.(
G&8&1+1&/$.(/$(
12#(+"",&3+1&/$(
/0(12#(!;GJ(
3/88/$(,+6(
/4(.1+151/4-(
4&921.(+$%((
%+8+9#.(
M/H#4$&$9(
,+6(
N'",&3&1,-(
4#0#4.(1/(12#(
#'&.1#$3#(/0(
.1+151/4-(
4&921.(5$%#4(
12#(!;G(+$%(
5.#.(
8+$%+1/4-(
,+$95+9#(
;/8",&#.(6&12(
&$1#4$+1&/$+,(
.1+$%+4%.(
battery!serial!number;!2)!
Faulty!description:!a.!Is!the!
RUM!light!flashing!or!off?!
b.!Is!the!ALM!light!on!or!
off?!c.!Battery!can!be!
charge/discharge!or!not?!
!
!
discharging;!!
■!0~10℃:!10A!
charging!and!25A!
discharging;!!
■!-10~0℃:!no!
charging!and!5A!
discharging;!!
!
6.!Damage!in!
transporting,!
including!but!not!
limited!by!
dropping,!
trampling,!
deforming,!
impacting!or!
spearing!with!a!
sharp!items;!!
!
7.!Storage,!
installation,!
commissioning,!
modification!or!
repair!of!the!
product,!or!
opening!of!the!
external!casing!
of!the!product,!
that!is!
performed!by!
anyone!other!
than!Pylontech!
or!a!Pylontech's!
certified!
installer;!!
!
8.!Abuse,!misuse,!
negligence,!
accidents!or!
force!majeure!
events,!including!
but!not!limited!
to!lightning,!
flood,!fire,!
extreme!cold!
weather,!or!
other!events!
outside!the!
reasonable!
control!of!
Pylontech;!!
!
9.!Any!attempt!
to!extend!or!
reduce!the!life!of!
the!product!
without!any!
written!
confirmation!
from!Pylontech,!
whether!by!
physical!means,!
programming!or!
others;!!
!
10.!Removal!and!
reinstallation!at!
another!place!
!
70!
;/8"+$-(
<4/%531(
=+44+$1-(
%+1#(
>+11#4-(
32#8&.14-(
>+11#4-(.&?#(
@A/1+,B5.+7,#(
3+"+3&1-C(
D#"12(
/0(
%&.32+49
#(
E"#4+1&$9(
1#8"F(
B+87&#$1(
1#8"FB(
258&%&1-((
4+$9#(
(
(
G#$912(/0(
6+44+$1-(
=+44+$1-(3/H#4+9#(
=+44+$1-(3/$%&1&/$.(
=+44+$1-(
#'3,5.&/$.(
I#8#%&#.(+H+&,+7,#(5$%#4(
6+44+$1-(@4#"+&4J(4#05$%J(
4#",+3#8#$1KC(
=+44+$1-(14+$.0#4("#48&11#%(1/(
.57.#L5#$1("5432+.#4.(
G&8&1+1&/$.(/$(
12#(+"",&3+1&/$(
/0(12#(!;GJ(
3/88/$(,+6(
/4(.1+151/4-(
4&921.(+$%((
%+8+9#.(
M/H#4$&$9(
,+6(
N'",&3&1,-(
4#0#4.(1/(12#(
#'&.1#$3#(/0(
.1+151/4-(
4&921.(5$%#4(
12#(!;G(+$%(
5.#.(
8+$%+1/4-(
,+$95+9#(
;/8",&#.(6&12(
&$1#4$+1&/$+,(
.1+$%+4%.(
from!the!original!
installation!
without!the!
written!
confirmation!
from!Pylontech;!!
!
11.!Damaged!by!
water,!
conductive!dust!
or!corrosive!gas;!!
!
12.!Battery!have!
been!
disassembled;!!
!
13.!Battery!have!
been!connected!
with!different!
type!battery!
modules;!!
!
14.!Battery!have!
been!connected!
with!battery!not!
from!Pylontech.!!
!
15.!Faulty!claims!
without!
warranty!card,!
serial!number!or!
enough!faulty!
description;!!
!
16.!Failure!to!
install,!operate!
or!maintain!the!
product!in!
accordance!with!
the!safety!
precautions,!
Installation!guide!
or!use!manual.!!
!
Redflow!
ZBM2!
27!January!
2017
116
!
Flow!
(Zinc-
Bromide)!
10kWh/10kWh!
3,650!
cycles!at!
100%!
DoD!
!
Operating!
electrolyte!
temperature!
range!of!15°C!
to!50°C!(59°F!
to!122°F),!
ZBM2!can!
typically!
operate!at!
ambient!
temperatures!
outside!this!
range!for!
extended!
periods!
!
Defects:!12!
months!
from!the!
date!of!
delivery!
!
Performanc
e:!10!years!
from!date!of!
delivery!or!
36,500kWH!
of!energy!
delivered,!
whichever!
comes!first.!
Defects!guarantee:!
Redflow!guarantees!to!
the!Customer!that!the!
ZBM2!product!which!is!
installed,!used!and!
serviced!in!accordance!
with!the!relevant!
product!information!
will!be!free!from!
defects!in!material!and!
workmanship!for!a!
period!of!twelve!
months!from!the!date!
of!delivery!to!the!
Customer.!
!
Performance!
guarantee:!Redflow!
warrants!the!
performance!of!the!
ZBM2!product!to!the!
The!ZBM2!product!must!be!
checked!for!visible!defects!
on!delivery.!Any!defects!
discovered!during!this!
process!must!be!reported!
to!Redflow!immediately.!If!
visible!defects!are!not!
reported!immediately,!
Redflow!may!refuse!to!
honour!the!Defects!
Guarantee!and!
Performance!Warranty.!!
!
This!performance!warranty!
applies![…]!only!when!the!
ZBM2!product!is!used!in!
accordance!with!the!
manufacturer’s!operating!
instructions!as!defined!in!
the!ZBM2!product!
Installation!and!Operation!
Redflow!is!
entitled!to!refuse!
to!honour!the!
Defects!
Guarantee!and!
Performance!
Warranty!in!the!
following!
circumstances!
(regardless!of!
how!the!
circumstances!
arise):!!
•!Where!the!
ZBM2!product!
has!been!
handled,!or!
modifications!
made!to!the!
battery,!not!in!
accordance!with!
Defects!guarantee:!!
In!the!event!that!the!ZBM2!
product!has!a!defect!
covered!by!this!guarantee!
(Defective!Product),!
Redflow,!at!its!discretion!
will!(i)!remedy!the!defect,!
(ii)!supply!a!replacement!
ZBM2!product,!or!(iii)!repay!
the!purchase!price!of!the!
Defective!Product.!
!
Performance!guarantee:!
!
Should!Redflow!find!that!a!
ZBM2!product!does!meet!
the!Performance!Warranty!
terms!and!conditions,!it!will!
repair!or!replace!the!ZBM2!
product!or!refund!the!
amount!paid!(at!Redflow’s!
No!-!Customer!is!defined!as!the!
purchaser!of!the!ZBM2!product!
from!Redflow.!
!
Yes!-!In!no!
event!shall!
Redflow!be!
liable!for!
consequential!
or!incidental!
losses!or!
damages.!
Redflow!
further!
disclaims!all!
implied!
warranties!of!
merchantabilit
y!and!fitness!to!
the!maximum!
extent!
permitted!by!
law.!
!
These!
warranty!
terms!and!
conditions!
shall!be!
exclusively!
governed!by!
the!laws!of!
Queensland,!
Australia.!The!
UN!
Convention!
on!Contracts!
for!the!
International!
Sale!of!Goods!
shall!not!
apply.!
Customers!
irrevocably!
and!
No!
Not!stated!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
116
!Redflow,!Redflow'ZBM2'Warranty'Document!(27!January!2017)!SolarQuotes,!
http://www.solarquotes.com.au/blog/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/Redflow-Warranty-Document-ZBM2-27-Jan-2017.pdf!!
!
71!
;/8"+$-(
<4/%531(
=+44+$1-(
%+1#(
>+11#4-(
32#8&.14-(
>+11#4-(.&?#(
@A/1+,B5.+7,#(
3+"+3&1-C(
D#"12(
/0(
%&.32+49
#(
E"#4+1&$9(
1#8"F(
B+87&#$1(
1#8"FB(
258&%&1-((
4+$9#(
(
(
G#$912(/0(
6+44+$1-(
=+44+$1-(3/H#4+9#(
=+44+$1-(3/$%&1&/$.(
=+44+$1-(
#'3,5.&/$.(
I#8#%&#.(+H+&,+7,#(5$%#4(
6+44+$1-(@4#"+&4J(4#05$%J(
4#",+3#8#$1KC(
=+44+$1-(14+$.0#4("#48&11#%(1/(
.57.#L5#$1("5432+.#4.(
G&8&1+1&/$.(/$(
12#(+"",&3+1&/$(
/0(12#(!;GJ(
3/88/$(,+6(
/4(.1+151/4-(
4&921.(+$%((
%+8+9#.(
M/H#4$&$9(
,+6(
N'",&3&1,-(
4#0#4.(1/(12#(
#'&.1#$3#(/0(
.1+151/4-(
4&921.(5$%#4(
12#(!;G(+$%(
5.#.(
8+$%+1/4-(
,+$95+9#(
;/8",&#.(6&12(
&$1#4$+1&/$+,(
.1+$%+4%.(
Customer!for!10!years,!
or!until!the!date!on!
which!an!aggregate!of!
36,500!kWh!of!energy!
has!been!delivered!by!
the!ZBM2!(as!
measured!by!on-board!
system!controller),!
whichever!comes!first.!
!
!
!
Manual.!
!
The!Performance!
Warranty!is!subject!to!the!
conditions!given!by!the!
Electrical!Operating!
Envelope!and!the!Physical!
and!Communications!
Characteristics!of!the!
ZBM2!product!as!specified!
in!the!ZBM2!product!
Installation!and!Operation!
Manual.!In!addition,!the!
following!conditions!must!
be!met:!!
•!The!ZBM2!product!
delivers!a!maximum!of!
100%!of!kWh!per!24!hour!
period.!!
•!If!the!ZBM2!product!
indicates!that!it!has!
reached!end-of-life,!the!
ZBM2!product!must!no!
longer!be!used.!!
•!In!the!event!of!a!
warranty!claim,!full!and!
complete!operational!logs!
of!ZBM2!product!data!(as!
specified!in!the!ZBM2!
product!Installation!and!
Operation!Manual)!are!to!
be!provided!to!Redflow!for!
analysis.!!
•!Servicing!of!ZBM2!
products!can!only!be!
conducted!by!Redflow!or!
Redflow-approved!
personnel.!!
•!Redflow!must!have!
remote!access!to!the!
ZBM2.!If!the!ZBM2!is!not!
connected!to!the!internet!
within!30!days!following!its!
installation,!or!if!the!
internet!connection!to!the!
ZBM2!is!interrupted!and!is!
not!subsequently!restored!
within!30!days,!then!the!
end!date!of!the!
Performance!Warranty!will!
reduce!to!the!earlier!of!4!
years!from!the!date!of!
delivery,!or!the!date!on!
which!an!aggregate!of!
14,600!kWh!of!energy!has!
been!delivered!by!the!
ZBM2!(as!measured!by!on-
board!system!controller),!
whichever!comes!first,!
unless!alternative!
performance!monitoring!
arrangements!are!
negotiated!and!agreed!in!
writing!with!RedFlow.!!
•!This!warranty!is!
applicable!on!a!return!to!
supplier!basis!for!the!
ZBM2!product!only.!!
the!relevant!
product!
information!
(including!the!
Installation!and!
Operation!
Manual!or!other!
written!
instructions!
issued!by!
Redflow);!!
•!Where!the!
ZBM2!product!
has!not!been!
installed!in!
accordance!with!
the!Installation!
and!Operation!
Manual!or!other!
written!
instructions!
issued!by!
Redflow;!!
•!Where!the!
system!
containing!the!
ZBM2!product!
has!been!
incorrectly!
configured;!!
•!Where!the!
ZBM2!product!
has!not!been!
serviced!or!
maintained!in!
accordance!with!
the!relevant!
product!
information!or!
written!
instructions!
issued!by!
Redflow;!!
•!Where!the!
ZBM2!product!
has!been!used!
for!purposes!or!
in!circumstances!
not!conforming!
to!the!product!
specifications!or!
not!in!
compliance!with!
the!Installation!
and!Operation!
Manual;!!
•!Where!the!
ZBM2!product!
has!been!
damaged!due!to!
external!or!
environmental!
causes!of!any!
kind!(including!
pollution!of!any!
kind,!fire,!
explosion,!
smoke,!charring,!
discretion)!and!the!warranty!
term!remains!as!the!balance!
of!the!original!warranty.!
!
unconditional
ly!submit!to!
the!exclusive!
jurisdiction!of!
the!courts!of!
Queensland,!
Australia!and!
any!courts!
which!have!
jurisdiction!to!
hear!appeals!
from!any!of!
those!courts!
and!waives!
any!right!to!
object!to!any!
proceedings!
being!
brought!in!
those!courts.!
!
!
72!
;/8"+$-(
<4/%531(
=+44+$1-(
%+1#(
>+11#4-(
32#8&.14-(
>+11#4-(.&?#(
@A/1+,B5.+7,#(
3+"+3&1-C(
D#"12(
/0(
%&.32+49
#(
E"#4+1&$9(
1#8"F(
B+87&#$1(
1#8"FB(
258&%&1-((
4+$9#(
(
(
G#$912(/0(
6+44+$1-(
=+44+$1-(3/H#4+9#(
=+44+$1-(3/$%&1&/$.(
=+44+$1-(
#'3,5.&/$.(
I#8#%&#.(+H+&,+7,#(5$%#4(
6+44+$1-(@4#"+&4J(4#05$%J(
4#",+3#8#$1KC(
=+44+$1-(14+$.0#4("#48&11#%(1/(
.57.#L5#$1("5432+.#4.(
G&8&1+1&/$.(/$(
12#(+"",&3+1&/$(
/0(12#(!;GJ(
3/88/$(,+6(
/4(.1+151/4-(
4&921.(+$%((
%+8+9#.(
M/H#4$&$9(
,+6(
N'",&3&1,-(
4#0#4.(1/(12#(
#'&.1#$3#(/0(
.1+151/4-(
4&921.(5$%#4(
12#(!;G(+$%(
5.#.(
8+$%+1/4-(
,+$95+9#(
;/8",&#.(6&12(
&$1#4$+1&/$+,(
.1+$%+4%.(
•!Redflow!reserves!the!
right!to!perform!any!tests!
prior!to!considering!any!
warranty!claims.!!
!
!
!
!
lightning,!hail,!
frost,!snow!or!
storms);!!
•!Where!the!
ZBM2!product!
has!been!
damaged!due!to!
malicious!acts!by!
any!person!
(including!
vandalism!or!
violent!
activities);!!
•!Scratches,!
marks,!
mechanical!
wear,!rust,!
mould,!
degradation,!
discolouration!
and!other!
changes!which!
occur!after!the!
delivery!of!the!
ZBM2!product!
but!which!do!not!
result!in!a!
reduction!of!
performance!
which!exceeds!
the!levels!set!out!
in!the!
Performance!
Warranty!
Conditions;!!
•!Where!the!
ZBM2!product!is!
modified!or!used!
in!processes!
involving,!or!in!
conjunction!
with,!other!
products!without!
Redflow's!prior!
written!consent;!
and/or!!
•!Where!the!
ZBM2!product!
has!been!
damaged!during!
shipping!or!
transportation!
after!title!has!
passed!from!
Redflow,!other!
than!shipping!or!
transportation!
conducted:!(i)!by!
Redflow!or!(ii)!
with!Redflow’s!
prior!written!
consent!and!in!
accordance!with!
the!relevant!
product!
information!
(including!the!
Installation!and!
!
73!
;/8"+$-(
<4/%531(
=+44+$1-(
%+1#(
>+11#4-(
32#8&.14-(
>+11#4-(.&?#(
@A/1+,B5.+7,#(
3+"+3&1-C(
D#"12(
/0(
%&.32+49
#(
E"#4+1&$9(
1#8"F(
B+87&#$1(
1#8"FB(
258&%&1-((
4+$9#(
(
(
G#$912(/0(
6+44+$1-(
=+44+$1-(3/H#4+9#(
=+44+$1-(3/$%&1&/$.(
=+44+$1-(
#'3,5.&/$.(
I#8#%&#.(+H+&,+7,#(5$%#4(
6+44+$1-(@4#"+&4J(4#05$%J(
4#",+3#8#$1KC(
=+44+$1-(14+$.0#4("#48&11#%(1/(
.57.#L5#$1("5432+.#4.(
G&8&1+1&/$.(/$(
12#(+"",&3+1&/$(
/0(12#(!;GJ(
3/88/$(,+6(
/4(.1+151/4-(
4&921.(+$%((
%+8+9#.(
M/H#4$&$9(
,+6(
N'",&3&1,-(
4#0#4.(1/(12#(
#'&.1#$3#(/0(
.1+151/4-(
4&921.(5$%#4(
12#(!;G(+$%(
5.#.(
8+$%+1/4-(
,+$95+9#(
;/8",&#.(6&12(
&$1#4$+1&/$+,(
.1+$%+4%.(
Operation!
Manual!and/or!
other!written!
instructions!
issued!by!
Redflow).!
!
!
Samsung!SDI!
Scalable!
(7.2!
kWh/10.
8!kWh)!
All!in!
One!
system!
!
September!
2015
117
!
Lithium!
Ion!
(Lithium!
Manganes
e!Oxide)!
!
7.2kWh/6.8kWh!
!
10.8kWh/!
9.72kWh!
90!%!
(6000!
cycles,!5!
~!95%)!
!
Operating:!
-10~40°!C!
!
Ambient:!
-20~60°!C!
!
Humidity:!
95!%!(non-
condensing)!
!
The!
warranty!
period!of!
the!Product!
(“Product!
Warranty!
Period”)!is!
specified!as!
follows!:!The!
warranty!
period!shall!
be!five!(5)!
years!from!
the!Date!of!
Installation!
!
Note!that!
the!“Date!of!
Installation”!
is!defined!as!
follows:!
To!claim!any!
warranty!
hereunder,!
End-User!
must!
provide!the!
date!of!
installation.!
If!End-User!
is!unable!to!
submit!any!
proof!of!the!
Date!of!
Installation,!
Samsung!
SDI!will!
calculate!
the!Product!
Warranty!
Period!from!
the!
manufacturi
ng!date!
which!is!
written!on!
the!
Product’s!
label.!
!
!
!
I.!Product!Warranty!!
!
1.!Samsung!SDI!and!
Samsung!SDI!Europe!
GmbH!(in!the!
following!referred!to!
as!“Samsung!SDI”)!
warrant!that!the!
Product1!will!(i)!be!
free!from!defects!in!
material!and!
workmanship!under!
normal!use!and!(ii)!
conform!to!the!
applicable!Technical!
Specifications!for!the!
Product.!
!
!
II.!Performance!
Guarantee!
1.!In!addition!to!the!
Product!Warranty,!
Samsung!SDI!
guarantees!
performance!of!the!
Product!to!be!
maintained!at!least!
sixty!five!
percent!(65%)!of!initial!
battery’s!capacity!for!a!
period!of!ten!(10)!
years!after!the!
Installation!Date!or!
until!the!end!of!6,000!
cycles!of!the!
Products,!whichever!
occurs!earlier!
“(Performance!
Guarantee!
Period”),!provided!
that!the!usage!of!the!
Product!shall!have!
complied!with!the!
Operating!Conditions!
under!specification.!
2.!About!Self!
Discharging!
Degradation,!Samsung!
SDI!guarantees!
180days!after!ex-work!
for!the!Performance!
Guarantee!Period.!
!
III.!Limitation!of!Warranty!
1.!The!warranties!set!forth!
hereunder!shall!not!apply!
to!Products!which,!in!
Samsung!SDI’s!absolute!
judgment!have!been!
subjected!to:!misuse,!
abuse,!neglect!or!accident;!
alteration,!improper!
installation,!application!or!
removal!(including!but!not!
limited!to!any!installation,!
application,!repair,!service!
or!removal!by!any!party!
not!authorized!in!writing!
or!text!form!by!Samsung!
SDI);!non-observance!of!
Samsung!SDI’s!installation,!
users!and/or!maintenance!
instructions;!repair!or!
modifications!by!someone!
other!than!a!service!
technician!approved!by!
Samsung!SDI!;!power!
failure!surges,!lightning,!
flood,!fire,!accidental!
breakage!or!other!events!
outside!Samsung!SDI’s!
control.!Further,!no!
warranty!shall!apply!to!any!
damage!caused!by!
unauthorized!goods!to!
Samsung!SDI’s!Products!
are!incorporated!or!
installed!into,!or!used!
together!with,!including!
any!parts!thereof.!
Customers!of!Samsung!
SDI's!Products!shall!be!fully!
aware!that!the!Products!
are!intended!for!individual!
operation.!Connecting!
other!product!or!products!
in!parallel!with!Samsung!
SDI's!Products!may!result!
in!abnormal!operation.!For!
the!avoidance!of!doubt,!it!
shall!be!clarified!that!this!
shall!not!restrict!the!End-
User!from!incorporating!or!
installing!the!Products!in!
combination!with!products!
or!in!systems!offered!by!
The!End-User.!2.!End-User!
shall!promptly!(but!in!any!
event!within!fifteen!(15)!
days!after!obtaining!notice!
3.!This!warranty!
does!not!apply!
to!batteries!that!
-!are!not!
operated!in!
accordance!with!
the!operating!
manuals!for!their!
intended!
purpose;!-!have!
been!incorrectly!
installed!or!
commissioned;!-!
have!been!
modified,!altered!
or!operated!with!
other!
components!not!
approved!by!
SAMSUNG!SDI;!-!
have!been!
physically!
damaged!(e.g.!
damage!from!
falls,!from!
transportation);!-!
have!been!
damaged!by!
force!majeure!
(e.g.!flash!of!
lightning,!
overvoltage,!
storm,!fire);!
-!have!been!
treated!
improperly,!
negligently!in!
any!other!
inappropriate!
way!(including!
use!outside!of!
the!
recommended!
ambient!
conditions).!
!
3.!In!the!event!that!the!
Product!fail!to!conform!to!
the!above!warranty!during!
the!Product!Warranty!
Period,!Samsung!SDI!shall,!
at!Samsung!SDI’s!option:!(i)!
repair!the!non-conforming!
or!defective!Product;!or!(ii)!
provide!End-User!with!a!
replacement!for!the!Product!
without!undue!delay,!within!
7!working!days!in!Germany,!
for!the!other!countries!
within!7!working!days!plus!
delivery!dates..!Samsung!SDI!
shall!be!responsible!for!all!
reasonable!costs!of!repair!or!
replacement!in!connection!
with!such!non-conforming!
or!defective!Product;!
whereas!the!End-User!shall!
bear!the!costs!of!removing!
the!non-conforming!or!
defective!Product(s)!and!(re)!
installation!of!the!repaired!
or!replaced!!
Product!if!the!non-
conformance!or!defect!of!
the!Product!is!attributable!
only!to!the!End-User.!Any!
defects!in!products!arising!
from!End-User’s!misuse,!
natural!disaster,!
unauthorized!change!or!
repair,!or!abnormal!
installation!environment!
shall!be!repaired!or!replaced!
at!End-User’s!cost!(Refer!
Article!4).!
!
Yes!-!The!warranty!provided!
hereunder!is!only!applicable!to!
the!EndUser!who!has!purchased!
Products.!The!End-User!shall!not!
assign!the!warranty!without!
prior!written!consent!by!
Samsung!SDI.!Notwithstanding!
the!foregoing,!the!warranty!
provided!hereunder!is!
transferable!to!a!subsequent!
owner!of!the!Products,!provided!
that!Samsung!SDI!is!informed!in!
writing!within!a!reasonable!time!
of!the!sale!of!the!subsequent!
owner’s!name!and!contact!
details.!The!notice!should!
identify!the!name!of!the!
previous!owner!of!the!Products,!
place!and!date!of!the!purpose,!
model,!make!and!serial!number!
of!the!Products.!The!effective!
transfer!of!the!warranty!does!
not!otherwise!alter!the!terms!of!
the!warranty!provided!
hereunder.!
!
Yes!-!4.!Except!
as!specified!
above,!all!
express!or!
implied!
conditions,!
representation
s,!and!
warranties!
including,!
without!
limitation,!any!
implied!
warranty!or!
condition!of!
merchantabilit
y,!fitness!for!a!
particular!
purpose,!non-
infringement,!
satisfactory!
quality,!non-
interference,!
or!arising!from!
a!course!of!
dealing,!law,!
usage,!or!trade!
practice,!are!
hereby!
excluded!to!the!
extent!allowed!
by!applicable!
law!and!are!
expressly!
disclaimed!by!
Samsung!SDI.!!
!
To!the!extent!
an!implied!
warranty!
cannot!be!
excluded,!such!
warranty!is!
limited!in!
duration!to!the!
express!
warranty!
period.!This!
disclaimer!and!
exclusion!shall!
apply!even!if!
the!express!
warranty!set!
forth!above!
fails!of!its!
essential!
purpose.!!
Not!stated!
No!!
Yes!-!IEC62109-
1/2!AS/NZS!3100,!
AS4777.2/3,!CE!
!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
117
!Samsung!SDI,!ELSR722-00004'/'ELSR103-00001:'Scalable'All'in'One'User'Manual!(September!2015)!RFI!Wireless!
http://www.rfiwireless.com.au/media/PDFs/ELSR722-00004_UM_R1.0_Eng_150914.pdf!!
!
74!
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or!knowledge!thereof)!
notify!Samsung!SDI!of!any!
defect!or!other!
nonconformity!with!any!of!
the!Product!Warranty!
identified!by!End-User!by!
delivering!written!notice!
(whereas!telefax!or!email!
shall!be!sufficient)!to!
Samsung!SDI!of!a!warranty!
claim.!Samsung!SDI!shall!
promptly!notify!End-User!
of!any!defect!or!other!
nonconformity!with!any!of!
the!Product!Warranties!
identified!by!Samsung!SDI.!!
Any!installation!defects,!
however,!shall!be!
identified!by!the!Installers!
who!installed!the!Products!
in!the!first!place.!Samsung!
SDI!can!send!its!engineers!
to!the!installation!site!
upon!request,!however,!to!
identify!the!purported!
defect!upon!request,!
provided!that!any!cost!
incurred!is!to!be!paid!by!
Installers.!
!
6.!Since!Samsung!SDI's!
Products!are!intended!to!
be!operated!with!Internet!
connection,!web!
registration!of!the!
Products!is!required.!(Ask!
to!Installer)!Remote!
control!of!the!Products!is!
achieved!only!when!the!
Products!are!connected!to!
the!Internet,!including!but!
not!limited!to,!monitoring!
of!the!Product!operation!
and!updating!of!firmware.!
The!Products!are!able!to!
be!operated!without!
Internet!connection!(i.e.!
Stand-Alone!mode),!
however,!Warranty!herein!
may!not!fully!cover!the!
Products!that!are!not!
registered!on!the!web!and!
operated!without!Internet!
connection.!
!
!
5.!In!no!event!
will!Samsung!
SDI!be!liable!
for!any!
consequential,!
special,!
incidental,!
indirect,!or!
punitive!
damages,!
including!
without!
limitation!lost!
profits,!
whether!the!
claim!is!based!
on!contract,!
tort,!strict!
liability,!or!any!
other!theory!of!
law!or!equity,!
even!if!advised!
of!the!
possibility!of!
such!damages.!
Samsung!SDI's!
liability!from!
any!cause!
whatsoever!
shall!in!no!
event!exceed!
the!amount!of!
the!purchase!
price!paid!by!
end-user!to!
Samsung!SDI!
for!such!
product!giving!
rise!to!the!
liability.!
!
SimpliPhi!
Power,!Inc!
(Company!
registered!in!
Delaware)!
PHI2.6,!
PHI3.4!
6!
September!
2016
118
!
Lithium!
Iron!
Phosphat
e!
PHI3.4!
!
3.4kWh/2.75kWh!
Equivale
nt!to!
80%!
Retaine
d!
Capacity!
!
Operating!
Temperature!
Range!Per!
Warranty:!!
•!-50
o
C!to!49
o
C!
for!5,000!
cycles!!
•!0
o
C!to!43
o
C!
for!10,000!
cycles!
The!
SimpliPhi!
Power!
PHI2.6™!and!
PHI3.4™!
Smart-Tech!
Battery!(the!
“SimpliPhi!
Product”)!as!
supplied!
Manufacturing!defects!
and!workmanship!
This!Limited!Warranty!
applies!only!to!a!SimpliPhi!
Power!Product!(a)!
purchased!from!SimpliPhi!
Power!Inc.!or!an!
authorized!SimpliPhi!
Power!distributor,!dealer!
or!reseller!and!(b)!installed!
by!a!licensed!professional.!
In!the!event!you!rent!or!
This!limited!
Warranty!does!
not!cover!faults!
in!design!or!
installer!error!
such!as!reverse!
polarity!or!
misuse!of!system!
wide!equipment!
or!inaccurate!
The!liability!of!SimpliPhi!
Power!under!this!Limited!
Warranty!shall!be!limited!to!
the!repair!
or!replacement!of!the!
SimpliPhi!Power!Product,!at!
SimpliPhi!Power’s!sole!
discretion.!If!the!
SimpliPhi!Power!Product!is!
found!to!be!defective!as!a!
This!Limited!Warranty!applies!
only!to!the!original!end-use!
purchaser!of!the!SimpliPhi!Power!
Product!and!is!transferable!only!
if!the!SimpliPhi!Power!Product!
remains!installed!in!the!Original!
Use!Location.!
!
This!Limited!
Warranty!is!the!
exclusive!
warranty!
applicable!to!
the!SimpliPhi!
Power!Product.!
SimpliPhi!
Power!
expressly!
Not!stated!
No!
Not!stated!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
118
!SimpliPhi!Power,!Inc,!10'Year'Limited'Warranty:'PHI2.6,'PHI3.4!(6!Sesimpliptember!2016)!DPA!Solar!
http://dpasolar.com.au/media/mconnect_uploadfiles/S/i/SimpliPhi%20Power%20Inc.%20Warranty.pdf!!
!
75!
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!
(Note!differing!
figures!
between!the!
data!
specification!
sheet!and!the!
warranty!
document)!
!
and!
distributed!
by!SimpliPhi!
Power,!Inc.,!
a!Delaware!
corporation,!
is!warranted!
(the!
“Limited!
Warranty”)!
by!SimpliPhi!
Power,!Inc.!
against!
manufacturi
ng!defects!
in!materials!
and!
workmanshi
p!for!a!
period!of!
ten!(10)!
years!(the!
“Limited!
Warranty!
Period”)!or!
for!10,000+!
cycles!on!a!
prorated!
basis,!
whichever!
comes!first,!
when!
installed!
and!
operated!
within!the!
SimpliPhi!
Guide!for!
Operating!
Parameters.!
!
The!term!of!
this!Limited!
Warranty!(i)!
begins!on!
the!original!
date!of!
purchase!of!
the!
SimpliPhi!
Product!as!
indicated!on!
the!Limited!
Warranty!
Registration!
Card!
submitted!
to!SimpliPhi!
Power!and!
(ii)!
continues!
through!the!
Limited!
Warranty!
Period.!
!
The!
Warranty!
lease!the!SimpliPhi!Power!
Product,!no!end-user!
purchase!takes!place;!
therefore,!this!Limited!
Warranty!does!not!apply!
and!you!must!contact!your!
rental!or!leasing!company!
to!determine!whether!
Warranty!coverage!is!
applicable.!
!
programming!of!
all!ancillary!
equipment!in!
your!system.!
This!Limited!
Warranty!does!
not!apply!to!the!
SimpliPhi!Power!
Product!or!any!
SimpliPhi!Power!
Product!part!(i)!if!
the!SimpliPhi!
Power!Product!
has!logged!in!
excess!of!
10,000+!cycles!or!
a!period!of!10!
years!or!(ii)!if!the!
SimpliPhi!Power!
Product!or!any!
SimpliPhi!Power!
Product!part!has!
been!modified!or!
damaged!by!the!
following:!!
•!Installation!or!
Removal!!
•!Alteration!or!
Disassembly!!
•!Normal!Wear!
and!Tear!!
•!Accident!or!
Abuse!(Being!
Dropped,!etc.)!!
•!Corrosion!-!
Inapproriate!
Environmental!
Exposure!!
•!Repair!or!
Service!Provided!
by!an!
Unauthorized!
Repair!Facility!!
•!Lightning!!
•!Operation!
Contrary!to!
Manufacturer!
Product!
Instructions!!
•!Fire,!Flood!or!
Acts!of!God!!
•!Excessive!Heat!
or!Cold!
Conditions!!
•!Water!Damage!
•!Shipping!or!
Transportation!!
•!Incidental!or!
Consequential!
Damage!Caused!
by!Other!
Components!of!
the!Power!
System!Including!
but!not!Limited!
to!Inverters,!
Charge!
Controllers,!
result!of!any!manufacturing!
defect!
in!materials!and!
workmanship!during!the!
Limited!Warranty!Period,!
SimpliPhi!Power!will,!at!
its!sole!discretion!either!(i)!
repair!the!SimpliPhi!Power!
Product!or!(ii)!replace!the!
SimpliPhi!
Power!Product.!If!a!
SimpliPhi!Power!Product!is!
replaced,!that!SimpliPhi!
Power!Product!will!
become!the!property!of!
SimpliPhi!Power!and!must!
be!returned!to!SimpliPhi!
Power!free!
of!any!third-party!
ownership!claims.!
!
This!Limited!Warranty!does!
not!cover!the!cost!of!
installation,!removal,!
shipping!or!reinstallation.!!
!
disclaims!any!
other!express!
or!implied!
warranties!of!
the!SimpliPhi!
Power!Product,!
including!but!
not!limited!to!
any!implied!
warranties!of!
merchantabilit
y!or!fitness!for!
a!particular!
purpose.!No!
warranties!
whether!
expressed!or!
implied,!
including,!but!
not!limited!to,!
any!implied!
warranties!of!
merchantabilit
y!or!fitness!for!
a!particular!
purpose!shall!
apply!after!the!
Limited!
Warranty!
Period.!
SimpliPhi!
Power!also!
expressly!limits!
its!liability!in!
the!event!of!a!
product!defect!
to!repair!or!
replacement!in!
accordance!
with!the!terms!
of!this!Limited!
Warranty,!and!
exclude!all!
liability!for!
incidential!or!
consequen!tial!
damages,!
including!
without!
limitation!any!
liability!for!the!
SimpliPhi!
Power!Product!
not!being!
available!for!
use!or!lost!
revenues!or!
profits,!even!if!
Simpliphi!
Power!has!
been!advised!
of!the!potential!
for!such!
damages.!
Some!states!(or!
jurisdictions)!
may!not!allow!
the!exclusion!
!
76!
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12#(+"",&3+1&/$(
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period!of!
any!repaired!
SimpliPhi!
Power!
Product!or!
its!
replacement!
is!twelve!
(12)!months!
from!the!
date!of!
shipment!
from!
SimpliPhi!
Power,!or!
the!
remaining!
term!of!the!
Limited!
Warranty!
Period,!
whichever!is!
greater.!
!
!
Breakers,!Bypass!
Switches,!Fuses,!
etc!!
•!Any!Product!
Whose!Serial!
Number!has!
been!Altered,!
Defaced!or!
Removed!!
•!Operation!in!a!
Non-Intended!
Use,!or!a!Use!
Which!Exceeds!
the!
Recommended!
or!Permitted!
Limits!or!Loads!
of!the!SimpliPhi!
Power!Product.!
!
or!limitation!of!
certain!
warranties!or!
damages,!so!
some!of!the!
above!
exclusions!may!
not!apply!to!
you.!If!there!is!
any!
inconsistency!
between!this!
Limited!
Warranty!and!
any!other!
agreement!or!
statement!
included!with!
or!relating!to!
the!SimpliPhi!
Power!Product!
or!services,!this!
Limited!
Warranty!shall!
govern.!If!any!
provision!of!
this!Limited!
Warranty!is!
found!invalid!
or!
unenforceable,!
it!shall!be!
deemed!
modified!to!the!
minimum!
extent!
necessary!to!
make!it!
enforceable!
and!the!
remainder!of!
this!Limited!
Warranty!shall!
remain!valid!
and!
enforceable!
according!with!
its!terms.!!
!
CONSUMER!
PROTECTION!
AND!OTHER!
LAWS!MAY!
APPLY!Some!
states!do!not!
allow!
limitations!on!
how!long!an!
implied!
warranty!lasts!
or!the!
exclusion!or!
limitation!of!
incidental!or!
consequential!
damages,!so!
the!above!
limitations!or!
!
77!
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=+44+$1-(3/$%&1&/$.(
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6+44+$1-(@4#"+&4J(4#05$%J(
4#",+3#8#$1KC(
=+44+$1-(14+$.0#4("#48&11#%(1/(
.57.#L5#$1("5432+.#4.(
G&8&1+1&/$.(/$(
12#(+"",&3+1&/$(
/0(12#(!;GJ(
3/88/$(,+6(
/4(.1+151/4-(
4&921.(+$%((
%+8+9#.(
M/H#4$&$9(
,+6(
N'",&3&1,-(
4#0#4.(1/(12#(
#'&.1#$3#(/0(
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4&921.(5$%#4(
12#(!;G(+$%(
5.#.(
8+$%+1/4-(
,+$95+9#(
;/8",&#.(6&12(
&$1#4$+1&/$+,(
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exclusions!may!
not!apply!to!
you.!Some!
states!may!
provide!for!
additional!
warranty!rights!
and!remedies,!
and!the!
provisions!
contained!in!
this!Limited!
Warranty!are!
not!intended!
to!limit,!
modify,!take!
away!from,!
disclaim!or!
exclude!any!
mandatory!
Warranty!
requirements!
provided!by!
states,!
including!
certain!implied!
Warranties.!
This!Limited!
Warranty!gives!
you!specific!
legal!rights,!
and!you!may!
also!have!other!
rights!which!
vary!from!state!
to!state.!Your!
acceptance!
and!use!of!the!
SimpliPhi!
Power!Product!
constitutes!
acceptance!of!
the!terms,!
conditions!and!
limitations!of!
this!Limited!
Warranty.!The!
terms,!
conditions!and!
limitations!of!
this!Limited!
Warranty!will!
supersede!any!
other!
agreement!or!
document!
relating!to!the!
subject!matter!
hereof,!
including,!but!
not!limited!to,!
the!terms!and!
conditions!that!
are!part!of!a!
purchase!order!
covering!the!
SimpliPhi!
Power!Product!
!
78!
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>+11#4-(
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@A/1+,B5.+7,#(
3+"+3&1-C(
D#"12(
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%&.32+49
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E"#4+1&$9(
1#8"F(
B+87&#$1(
1#8"FB(
258&%&1-((
4+$9#(
(
(
G#$912(/0(
6+44+$1-(
=+44+$1-(3/H#4+9#(
=+44+$1-(3/$%&1&/$.(
=+44+$1-(
#'3,5.&/$.(
I#8#%&#.(+H+&,+7,#(5$%#4(
6+44+$1-(@4#"+&4J(4#05$%J(
4#",+3#8#$1KC(
=+44+$1-(14+$.0#4("#48&11#%(1/(
.57.#L5#$1("5432+.#4.(
G&8&1+1&/$.(/$(
12#(+"",&3+1&/$(
/0(12#(!;GJ(
3/88/$(,+6(
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4&921.(+$%((
%+8+9#.(
M/H#4$&$9(
,+6(
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4#0#4.(1/(12#(
#'&.1#$3#(/0(
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4&921.(5$%#4(
12#(!;G(+$%(
5.#.(
8+$%+1/4-(
,+$95+9#(
;/8",&#.(6&12(
&$1#4$+1&/$+,(
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or!other!
document!sent!
to!SimpliPhi!
Power!by!you!
relating!to!the!
SimpliPhi!
Power!Product.!
!
Sonnen!
Australia!Pty!
Limited!
sonnenB
atterie!
Not!
stated
119
!
Lithium!
Iron!
Phosphat
e!
16kWh/!
16kWh!
10,000!
cycles!
at!
100%!
DoD!
!
Operating!
temperature:!
5°C!to!40!°C!
!
The!
warranty!
period!
commences!
on!the!date!
on!which!
the!
sonneBatter
ie!is!first!
brought!into!
service!as!
recorded!on!
the!
Installation!
Certificate.!!
The!
warranty!
periods!
ends!on!
whichever!
date!occurs!
first:!!
(a)!10!years!
from!the!
commence
ment!date!
of!the!
warranty!
period;!or!!
(b)!10,000!
complete!
recharge!
cycles!of!the!
sonnenBatt
erie.!
Fault!or!defect!
warranty!
Warranty!claims!must!be!
made:!
!
Within!6!months!after!the!
date!on!which!the!
Customer!became!aware!
of!the!fault!or!defect,!or!
after!which!the!fault!or!
defect!became!reasonably!
apparent;!and!
!
By!no!later!than!3!months!
after!the!expiration!of!the!
warranty!period.!
The!warranty!
does!not!cover:!
Any!
sonnenBatteries!
where:!
1!it!is!not!
connected!to!the!
internet;!
2!the!lead-
sealing!of!the!
battery!has!been!
damaged;!
3!it!has!not!been!
installed!or!
repaired!by!
sonnen!or!an!
Authorised!
Partneer,!as!
recorded!on!the!
installation!
Certificate;!
4!it!has!been!
used!or!
maintained!
other!than!in!
accordance!with!
the!
sonnenBatterie’s!
operating!
instructions!or!as!
set!out!in!the!
technical!data!
specificsation!
sheet!provided!
with!the!
sonnenBatterie;!
5!regular!
examinations!of!
the!ordinary!
connection!to!
the!electricity!
network!have!nt!
been!carried!out!
in!accordance!
with!sonnen’s!
instructions;!
6!it!has!been!
used!with!spare!
parts!and!
accessories!
which!do!not!
comply!with!the!
original!
specifications!
issued!by!
sonnen;!or!!
7!software!
If!the!sonnenBatterie!
develops!a!fault!or!defect!
during!the!warranty!period,!
sonnen!will!repair!or!replace!
it.!!It!may!be!replaced!by!a!
refurbished!sonnenBatterie!
of!the!same!type!rather!
than!being!repaired.!!
Refurbished!parts!may!be!
used!to!repair!the!
sonnenBatterie.!!!
!
Thr!decision!whether!to!
repair!or!replace!the!
sonnenBatterie!is!at!
sonnen’s!sole!discretion!
unless!there!is!a!‘major!
failure’!as!defined!in!the!
Australian!Consumer!Law.!
!
Any!physical!repairs,!
replacement!or!collection!of!
the!sonnenBatterie!will!be!
performed!by!sonnen!or!its!
Authorised!Partner!as!
follows:!
!
The!repair,!replacement!or!!
collection!will!be!carried!out!
from!the!place!at!which!the!
sonnenBatterie!was!first!
delivered.!
!
If!the!claim!is!covered!
sonnen!will!deliver!any!
repaired!or!replaced!
sonnenBatterie!back!to!the!
Customer.!
!
If!the!claim!os!not!covered!
sonnen!will!deliver!the!
sonnenBatterie!back!to!the!
Customer.!!
!
If!the!claim!is!not!covered,!
the!Customer!will!be!
responsible!for!any!
transport,!travel!and!labour!
costs!incurred!in!dealing!
with!the!claim.!
!
If!the!claim!is!covered,!
sonnen!will!be!responsible!
for!any!transport,!travel!and!
labour!costs!to!a!maximum!
amount!of!$200.!!!
The!warranty!is!given!by!sonnen!
to!the!Customer!in!respect!of!the!
sonnenBatterie.!!
!
Customer!is!defined!as!the!
purchaser!of!the!sonnenBatterie,!
for!whose!benefit!the!
sonnenBatterie!is!brought!into!
service!and!where!the!purchase!
is!not!for!the!purpose!of!
resupply.!
!
To!the!extent!permitted!by!law,!
the!warranty!will!not!transfer!to!
any!subsequent!purchasers!of!
the!sonnenBatterie!without!the!
prior!written!consent!of!sonnen.!!!
Yes!contained!
within!the!
warranty!
conditions!
Not!stated!
Yes!-!sonnen!
offers!this!
warranty!on!
top!of!any!
guarantees!
imposed!by!
the!
Competition!
and!
Consumer!
Act!2010!
and!any!
other!
applicable!
State!and!!
Territory!
legislation.!
!
As!well!as!
the!sonnen!
warranty,!
the!
sonnenBatte
rie!comes!
with!
guarantees!
that!cannot!
be!excluded!
under!the!
Australian!
Consumer!
Law.!!The!
Customer!is!
entitled!to!a!
replacement!
or!refund!for!
a!major!
failure!and!
for!
compensati
on!for!any!
other!
reasonably!
foreseeable!
loss!or!
damage.!!
The!
Custoemr!is!
entitled!to!
have!the!
goods!
repaired!or!
replaced!if!
the!goods!
fail!to!be!of!
acceptable!
quality!and!
!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
119
!Sonnen!Australia!Pty!Limited,!Manufacturer’s'Warranty!
https://sonnen.com.au/sites/default/files/warranty_-_sonnen_1510387_8_version.pdf!!
!
79!
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D#"12(
/0(
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1#8"F(
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258&%&1-((
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6+44+$1-(
=+44+$1-(3/H#4+9#(
=+44+$1-(3/$%&1&/$.(
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I#8#%&#.(+H+&,+7,#(5$%#4(
6+44+$1-(@4#"+&4J(4#05$%J(
4#",+3#8#$1KC(
=+44+$1-(14+$.0#4("#48&11#%(1/(
.57.#L5#$1("5432+.#4.(
G&8&1+1&/$.(/$(
12#(+"",&3+1&/$(
/0(12#(!;GJ(
3/88/$(,+6(
/4(.1+151/4-(
4&921.(+$%((
%+8+9#.(
M/H#4$&$9(
,+6(
N'",&3&1,-(
4#0#4.(1/(12#(
#'&.1#$3#(/0(
.1+151/4-(
4&921.(5$%#4(
12#(!;G(+$%(
5.#.(
8+$%+1/4-(
,+$95+9#(
;/8",&#.(6&12(
&$1#4$+1&/$+,(
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updates!as!
provided!by!
sonnen!from!
time!to!time!
have!not!been!
performed!due!
to!circumstances!
beyond!sonnen’s!
control;!
!
Negligence!on!
the!Customer’s!
part;!
!
Normal!wear!and!
tear;!
!
Faults!or!defects!
caused!by!third!
parties,!including!
work!done!by!
unauthorised!
service!or!repair!
agents;!
!
Damages!caused!
by!excess!voltage!
within!the!main!
supply!power!
network!to!
which!the!
sonnenbatterie!
is!connected;!
!
Any!incidental!
and!
consequential!
damahes,!loss!of!
profits,!loss!of!
data!a\or!any!
other!indirect!
damages;!
!
Any!costs!or!
expenses!
incurred!by!the!
Customer!for!the!
procurement!of!
substitute!
equipment!or!
services;!or!
!
Any!transport!or!
travel!costs!
incurred!by!the!
Customer!in!
excess!of!$200.!
!
the!failure!
does!not!
amount!ot!a!
major!
failure.!!!
Sunverge!
Energy!
Australia!Pty!
Ltd!
Models!
SIS11.6!
!
SIS19.4!!
December!
2015
120
!
Lithium!
Iron!
Phosphat
e!
11.6kWh/!
9.68kWh!
!
19.4kWh/!
16.5kWh!
7,000!
cycles!at!
85%!
DoD!
!
Operating:!
-20°C!to!50°C!
!
10!years!
from!the!
date!of!
installation!
2.!Warranty!2.1!
Sunverge!warrants!
that,!for!the!Warranty!
Period,!the!Goods:!(a)!
will!be!free!from!
defects;!(b)!will!be!of!
merchantable!quality;!
This!product!warranty!is!
given!to!any!person!who!
has!acquired!or!otherwise!
owns!a!Good!(you),!but!
only!if!the!Good!has!been!
installed!in!Australia!after!
1!April!2015,!and!applies!
4.!Exclusions!and!
limitations!4.1!
This!product!
warranty!does!
not!apply!if!or!to!
the!extent!that!a!
defect!is!caused!
3.!Repair!or!replacement!3.1!
If!any!Good!is!defective!and,!
at!your!own!expense,!you!
give!us!notice!of!this!
including!a!description!of!
the!defect!as!soon!as!
possible!after!you!become!
Unclear!but!it!appears!to!be!the!
case.!!
4.4!To!the!
fullest!extent!
permitted!by!
law:!
(a)!this!product!
warranty!
applies!to!the!
This!product!
warranty!is!
governed!by!
and!is!be!
construed!in!
accordance!
with!the!laws!
Yes!-!If!you!
are!a!
consumer!
5.1!To!the!
extent!that!
you!have!
acquired!the!
Not!stated!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
120
!Sunverge!Energy!Australia!Pty!Ltd,!Product'Warranty:'Models'SISA6048AX'and'SISA4548AX!(December!2015)!AGL!Solar!
https://aglsolar.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/Sunverge-Warranty-for-Australia.pdf!!
!
80!
;/8"+$-(
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=+44+$1-(
%+1#(
>+11#4-(
32#8&.14-(
>+11#4-(.&?#(
@A/1+,B5.+7,#(
3+"+3&1-C(
D#"12(
/0(
%&.32+49
#(
E"#4+1&$9(
1#8"F(
B+87&#$1(
1#8"FB(
258&%&1-((
4+$9#(
(
(
G#$912(/0(
6+44+$1-(
=+44+$1-(3/H#4+9#(
=+44+$1-(3/$%&1&/$.(
=+44+$1-(
#'3,5.&/$.(
I#8#%&#.(+H+&,+7,#(5$%#4(
6+44+$1-(@4#"+&4J(4#05$%J(
4#",+3#8#$1KC(
=+44+$1-(14+$.0#4("#48&11#%(1/(
.57.#L5#$1("5432+.#4.(
G&8&1+1&/$.(/$(
12#(+"",&3+1&/$(
/0(12#(!;GJ(
3/88/$(,+6(
/4(.1+151/4-(
4&921.(+$%((
%+8+9#.(
M/H#4$&$9(
,+6(
N'",&3&1,-(
4#0#4.(1/(12#(
#'&.1#$3#(/0(
.1+151/4-(
4&921.(5$%#4(
12#(!;G(+$%(
5.#.(
8+$%+1/4-(
,+$95+9#(
;/8",&#.(6&12(
&$1#4$+1&/$+,(
.1+$%+4%.(
and!(c)!will!comply!
with!all!applicable!
laws!
!
for!10!years!from!the!date!
of!installation!(Warranty!
Period).!
!
by:!(a)!non-
observance!of!
installation,!
commissioning,!
operation!or!
maintenance!
instructions;!(b)!
misuse,!abuse,!
neglect!or!
accident;!(c)!the!
Goods!being!
installed!in!an!
unsuitable!
environment!
including,!
without!
limitation,!any!
environment:!(1)!
where!there!is!
insufficient!
ventilation;!(2)!
where!dirt,!dust!
or!debris!builds!
up;!(3)!which!is!
corrosive;!or!(4)!
where!the!Goods!
are!exposed!to!
fire,!water,!
snow,!moisture!
or!liquid!to!an!
extent!that!
exceeds!the!
manufacturer’s!
ratings;!(d)!any!
alteration,!repair!
or!modification!
of!a!Good!not!
authorised!by!us;!
(e)!non-
compliance!by!
any!person!other!
than!us!with!
applicable!law;!
(f)!power!surges;!
(g)!lightning,!
storm,!flood,!
fire,!earthquake!
or!other!act!of!
God;!(h)!animals!
provided!that,!if!
the!Good!is!
installed!in!
Queensland,!that!
this!exclusion!
does!not!affect!
our!obligation!
under!this!
product!
warranty!to!
ensure!that!any!
enclosure!for!or!
forming!part!of!a!
Good!is!vermin!
proof!for!
Queensland!
conditions!so!as!
to!prevent!small!
animals!and!
aware!of!the!defect!and!in!
any!event!before!the!end!of!
the!Warranty!Period,!then,!
also!as!soon!as!possible,!we!
will!repair!the!defect!or!
remove!the!defective!Good!
and!supply!and!install!a!
replacement!Good.!3.2!To!
make!a!claim!under!this!
product!warranty,!send!your!
notice!to!us!as!follows.!We!
will!then!advise!you!on!how!
we!will!handle!the!claim!and!
the!information!you!will!
need!to!give!us!to!support!
the!claim!which!will!include!
evidence!that!you!have!
acquired!or!own!the!
relevant!Good!and!as!to!the!
date!of!installation:!
Sunverge!Energy!Australia!
Pty.!Ltd.!Level!8!,!757,!Ann!
Street,!Fortitude!Valley,!
Brisbane.!3.3!This!product!
warranty!will!apply!to!any!
replacement!Goods!under!
clause!3.1!provided!that!you!
must!give!any!notice!under!
clause!3.1!in!respect!of!any!
such!replacement!Good!
before!the!end!of!the!
Warranty!Period.!3.4!Title!
and!ownership!of!any!
replaced!Good!passes!to!us.!
!
!
4.3!The!repair!or!
replacement!remedy!
provided!for!in!clause!3!is!
your!sole!and!
exclusive!remedy!under!this!
product!warranty!and!is!all!
that!we!are!
required!to!do!under!this!
product!warranty.!
exclusion!of!
any!other!
express!or!
implied!
condition,!
warranty!or!
guarantee!with!
respect!to!the!
Goods!
including,!
without!
limitation,!as!
to!
merchantabilit
y!or!fitness!for!
particular!
purpose,!and!
of!any!
other!
obligation!or!
liability!on!our!
part,!unless!
such!other!
condition,!
warranty,!
guarantee,!
obligation!or!
liability!is!
expressly!
agreed!to!by!us!
in!writing;!
(b)!we!have!no!
liability!for!
damage!or!
injury!to!
persons!or!
property!
or!for!other!
loss!or!injury!
resulting!from!
any!cause!
whatsoever!
arising!out!of!
or!relating!to!
the!Goods!
including,!
without!
limitation,!any!
defects!in!the!
Goods,!or!from!
use!or!
installation;!
(c)!we!have!no!
liability!to!you!
for!any!
consequential!
or!indirect!
loss!arising!due!
to!a!breach!of!
this!product!
warranty,!in!
tort!
(including!
negligence)!or!
otherwise!in!
connection!
with!the!
Goods!
of!the!
State!of!
Queensland.!
Goods!as!a!
consumer!
(as!defined!
in!the!
Australian!
Consumer!
Law!or!other!
applicable!
consumer!
law):!(a)!the!
benefits!
given!to!you!
under!this!
product!
warranty!are!
in!addition!
to!other!
rights!and!
remedies!
under!the!
law;!(b)!our!
goods!come!
with!
guarantees!
that!cannot!
be!excluded!
under!the!
Australian!
Consumer!
Law.!You!are!
entitled!to!a!
replacement!
or!refund!for!
a!major!
failure!and!
compensati
on!for!any!
other!
reasonably!
foreseeable!
loss!or!
damage.!
You!are!also!
entitled!to!
have!the!
goods!
repaired!or!
replaced!if!
the!goods!
fail!to!be!of!
acceptable!
quality!and!
the!failure!
does!not!
amount!to!a!
major!
failure;!(c)!
subject!to!
clause!
5.1(d),!no!
exclusion!or!
limitation!
contained!in!
this!product!
warranty!
will!apply!to!
the!extent!
that!it!is!
!
81!
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insects!(like!
geckos,!termites,!
rodents,!etc.)!
from!entering!
into!the!
enclosure;!(i)!
events!outside!
our!control;!or!(j)!
fair!wear!and!
tear.!4.2!This!
product!
warranty!also!
does!not!apply:!
(a)!if!the!original!
nameplate,!serial!
number,!model!
number!and!
other!
identification!
markings!on!a!
Good!has!been!
defaced,!altered,!
or!removed;!(b)!
in!respect!of!any!
consumable!
Good;!(c)!for!any!
cosmetic!
shortcoming!
which!does!not!
impair!the!use!of!
a!Good;!(d)!if!
due!to!a!change!
in!applicable!law!
the!use!of!the!
Goods!for!your!
intended!
purpose!is!no!
longer!permitted!
or!is!only!
permitted!
subject!to!
applicable!
conditions!or!
restrictions.!
!
including,!
without!
limitation,!
liability!for!any!
loss!of!
business!
operation,!
profits,!
anticipated!
income!or!
anticipated!
cost!savings;!
and!!
(d)!our!total!
liability!to!you!
for!a!breach!of!
this!product!
warranty,!in!
tort!(including!
negligence)!or!
otherwise!in!
connection!
with!a!
Good!is!limited!
to!an!amount!
equal!to!the!
price!paid!to!us!
by!
the!person!to!
whom!we!sold!
the!Good.!
prohibited!
by!law;!(d)!
where!we!
supply!any!
goods!or!
services!
other!than!
of!a!kind!
ordinarily!
acquired!for!
personal,!
domestic!or!
household!
use!or!
consumptio
n!and!do!so!
in!breach!of!
a!condition,!
warranty!or!
guarantee!
implied!by!
or!arising!
under!any!
law,!our!
liability!for!
that!breach!
is!limited!at!
our!option!
to:!(1)!in!the!
case!of!
goods:!
replacement!
of!the!goods!
or!supply!of!
equivalent!
goods;!
repair!of!the!
goods;!
payment!of!
the!cost!of!
replacing!
the!goods!or!
of!acquiring!
equivalent!
goods;!or!
payment!of!
the!cost!of!
having!the!
goods!
repaired;!(2)!
in!the!case!
of!services:!
supply!of!
the!services!
again;!or!
payment!of!
the!cost!of!
having!the!
services!
supplied!
again.!
!
Tesla!Motors!
Netherlands!
13.5kWh!
Powerwa
9!February!
2017
121
!
Lithium-
Ion!(NMC)!
13.5kWh/!
13.2kWh!
100%!
Operating:!
-20
o
C!to!50
o
C!
10!years!
from!the!
Defects!warranty:!
The!Powerwall!will!be!
This!Warranty!applies!to!
any!Tesla!Powerwall!that!
This!Warranty!
does!not!apply!
If!your!Powerwall,!fails!to!
comply!with!the!Warranty,!
Warranty!claims!can!be!made!by!
or!on!behalf!of!the!end!user!who!
Yes!–!!
To!the!greatest!
This!Warranty!
and!any!
Yes!
Yes!–!!
!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
121
!Tesla!Motors!Netherlands!B.V.,!Tesla'Powerwall'Warranty'(Australia'and'New'Zealand)!(9!February!2017)!
https://www.tesla.com/sites/default/files/pdfs/powerwall/Powerwall_2_AC_Warranty_AUS-NZ_1-0.pdf,!Tesla!Motors!Netherlands!B.V.,!Powerwall'2AC!(9!February!2017)!Solar!Quotes,!
https://docs.google.com/viewerng/viewer?url=http://www.solarquotes.com.au/blog/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/Powerwall-2-AC_Datasheet_English.pdf&hl=en_US!
!
82!
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B.V.!!
ll!2!AC!
!
Ambient:!!
-30
o
C!to!60
o
C!
!
Humidity:!Up!
to!100%!
condensing!!
date!of!
installation!
free!from!defects!for!
ten!years!following!its!
initial!installation!date.!
!
Performance!
warranty:!!
The!Powerwall!will!
have!an!energy!
capacity!of!13.5kWh!
on!its!initial!
installation!date,!and!
will!retain!energy!
capacity!as!shown!
below:!
!
Solar!self-
consumption/!backup!
only:!
!
Energy!retention:!70%!
at!10!years!following!
initial!installation!date!
over!unlimited!cycles!
!
Any!other!application!
or!combination!of!
applications:!
!
70%!at!10!years!
following!initial!
installation!date!over!a!
37Mwh!of!aggregate!
throughput.!!
(1)!was!purchased!from!
Tesla!or!a!Tesla!certified!
installer!in!Australia!or!
New!Zealand;!(2)!has!one!
of!the!part!numbers!
referenced!above;!and!(3)!
is!installed!in!Australia!or!
New!Zealand.!!!
to!any!defect!or!
energy!capacity!
shortfall!
resulting!from!
any!of!the!
following,!each!
of!which!may!
result!in!your!
Warranty!being!
voided:!(i)!abuse,!
misuse!or!
negligence,!(ii)!
accidents!or!
force!majeure!
events,!including!
but!not!limited!
to!lightning,!
flood,!
earthquake,!fire,!
or!other!events!
outside!the!
reasonable!
control!of!Tesla;!
(iii)!storage,!
installation,!
commissioning,!
modification!or!
repair!of!your!
Powerwall,!or!
opening!of!the!
external!casing!
of!your!
Powerwall,!that!
is!performed!by!
anyone!other!
than!has!the!
orate!has!a!
certified!
installer;!(iv)!
failure!to!
operate!or!
maintain!your!
Powerwall!in!
accordance!with!
the!Owner’s!
Manual;!(v)!any!
attempt!to!
modify!your!
Powerwall,!
whether!by!
physical!means,!
programming!or!
otherwise,!
without!the!
express!written!
consent!of!Tesla;!
or!(vi)!removal!
and!
reinstallation!of!
your!Powerwall!
at!a!location!
other!than!the!
original!
installation!
location,!without!
Tesla!will,!in!its!sole!
discretion,!either!repair!
your!Powerwall,!replace!
your!Powerwall!with!an!
equivalent!product,!or!
refund!you!the!market!price!
of!an!equivalent!product!at!
the!time!of!the!warranty!
claim.!!A!Powerwall!
presented!for!repair!may!be!
replaced!by!a!refurbished!
Powerwall!of!the!same!type!
rather!than!being!repaired.!!
Refurbished!parts!may!be!
used!to!repair!your!
Powerwall.!!If!your!
Powerwall!is!repaired!or!
replaced!under!this!
Warranty,!the!remainder!of!
the!original!warranty!period!
will!apply!to!the!repaired!or!
replacement!product,!
subject!to!any!rights!and!
remedies!you!have!under!
local!laws!in!your!country!or!
region!in!respect!of!the!
repaired!or!replacement!
product.!!!
acquired!and!put!the!Powerwall!
into!use!for!the!first!time.!!A!
subsequent!owner!of!the!
Powerwall!who!provides!proof!of!
ownership!is!also!entitled!to!
make!Warranty!claims.!!!
extent!
permitted!by!
law,!this!
warranty!is!the!
only!express!
warranty!made!
in!connection!
with!your!
Powerwall.!!
Any!other!
warranties,!
remedies!and!
conditions,!
whether!oral,!
written,!
statutory,!
express!or!
implied!
(including!
hidden!defects)!
are!expressly!
disclaimed.!!If!
such!
warranties!
cannot!be!
disclaimed,!to!
the!extent!
permitted!by!
law,!Tesla!
limits!the!
duration!of!and!
remedies!for!
such!
warranties!to!
the!durations!
and!remedies!
described!in!
this!Warranty.!!!
!
Some!countries!
do!not!allow!
disclaimers!of!
implied!
warranties!or!
limitation!on!
how!long!an!
implied!
warranty!lasts,!
meaning!the!
above!
disclaimers!and!
limitations!may!
not!apply!to!
you.!!!
!
Limitation!of!
liability!
to!the!greatest!
extent!
permitted!by!
law,!Tesla!
should!not!be!
liable!for!any!
consequential,!
incidental,!
dispute!or!
claim!arising!
out!of!or!in!
connection!
with!it!
(including!
non-
contractual!
disputes!or!
claims)!is!
governed!by!
and!
construed!in!
accordance!
with!the!laws!
of!the!
country!or!(if!
applicable)!
state!or!
province!
where!your!
Powerwall!
was!first!
installed.!!If!
any!provision!
of!this!
Warranty!is!
held!by!a!
court!of!
competent!
jurisdiction!to!
be!
unenforceabl
e!because!it!is!
invalid!or!in!
conflict!with!
any!law!of!
any!relevant!
jurisdiction,!
the!validity!of!
the!remaining!
provisions!
shall!not!be!
affected,!and!
the!rights!and!
obligations!of!
the!parties!
shall!be!
construed!
and!enforced!
as!if!the!
unenforceabl
e!provisions!
were!
replaced!by!
valid,!legal!
and!
unenforceabl
e!provision.!!
The!United!
Nations!
Conventions!
on!Contracts!
for!the!
International!
Safety:!
UL!1642,!UL!1741,!
UL!1973,!UL!9540,!
UN!38.3,!IEC!
62109-1,!IEC!
62619,!
CSA!C22.2.107.1!
!
Grid!Standards:!
Worldwide!
Compatibility!
!
Emissions:!
FCC!Part!15!Class!
B,!ICES!003,!
EN!61000!Class!B!
!
Environmental:!
RoHS!Directive!
2011/65/EU,!
WEEE!Directive!
2012/19/EU,!
2006/66/EC!
!
Seismic:!
AC156,!IEEE!693-
2005!(high)!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!
!
83!
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=+44+$1-(14+$.0#4("#48&11#%(1/(
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G&8&1+1&/$.(/$(
12#(+"",&3+1&/$(
/0(12#(!;GJ(
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4&921.(+$%((
%+8+9#.(
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,+6(
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4#0#4.(1/(12#(
#'&.1#$3#(/0(
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the!express!
written!consent!
of!Tesla.!
!
in!addition,!this!
Warranty!does!
not!cover!(a)!
normal!wear!and!
tear!or!
deterioration,!or!
superficial!
defects,!dents!or!
marks!they!do!
not!impact!the!
performance!of!
your!Powerwall;!
(b)!noise!or!
vibration!that!is!
not!excessive!or!
uncharacteristic!
and!does!not!
impact!your!
Powerwall’s!
performance;!(c)!
damage!or!
deterioration!
that!occurs!after!
the!expiration!or!
morning!of!the!
warranty!period;!
or!(d)!theft!of!
your!Powerwall!
or!any!of!its!
components.!
!
Exclusion!for!
failure!to!
connect!to!the!
Internet!or!
failure!to!register!
in!order!to!
provide!this!
Warranty!for!the!
full!10!year!
warranty!period,!
Tesla!requires!
the!ability!to!
update!your!
Powerwall!
through!remote!
firmware!
upgrades.!
Installation!of!
these!remote!
upgrades!may!
disrupt!the!
operation!of!
your!Powerwall!
for!a!short!
period.!By!
installing!your!
Powerwall!and!
connect!it!to!the!
Internet,!you!
consent!to!the!
updating!your!
Powerwall!
through!these!
indirect,!
special,!
exemplary!or!
punitive!
damages!
arising!out!of!
or!related!to!
this!warranty,!
regardless!of!
the!form!of!
action!
regardless!of!
whether!Tesla!
has!been!
informed!of,!or!
otherwise!
might!have!
anticipated,!
the!possibility!
of!such!
damages.!To!
the!greatest!
extent!
permitted!by!
law,!tellers!
liability!arising!
out!of!a!claim!
under!this!
warranty!shall!
not!exceed!the!
amount!you!
paid!for!your!
Powerwall.!
Some!countries!
and!regions!do!
not!allow,!or!
restrict,!the!
exclusion!or!
limitation!of!
damages,!
including!
incidental!or!
consequential!
damages,!so!
the!above!
limitation!or!
exclusion!may!
not!apply!to!
you!or!may!
only!apply!to!a!
limited!extent.!
!
Australia!
specific!
disclosure:!This!
warranty!is!
provided!in!
addition!to,!
and!does!not!
exclude,!
restrict!or!limit!
any!rights!a!
customer!has!
under!the!
Australian!
Consumer!Law.!
!
Your!
Sale!of!Goods!
(1980)!shall!
not!apply!to!
this!Warranty!
or!any!aspect!
of!any!
dispute!
relating!to!
this!
Warranty.!!!
!
!
84!
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G&8&1+1&/$.(/$(
12#(+"",&3+1&/$(
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remote!upgrades!
from!time!to!
time,!without!
further!notice!to!
you.!If!your!
Powerwall!is!not!
connected!to!the!
Internet!for!an!
extended!period,!
or!has!not!been!
registered!with!
test!light,!we!
may!not!be!able!
to!provide!and!
promote!
firmware!
upgrades.!In!
these!
circumstances,!
we!may!not!be!
able!to!honour!
the!full!10!year!
warranty.!We!
would!prefer!to!
avoid!this,!so!will!
try!to!notify!you!
if!your!
Powerwall’s!
Internet!
connection!is!
disrupted!for!an!
extended!period.!
It!is!difficult!for!
us!to!contact!you!
if!you!have!not!
registered!your!
Powerwall!with!
us,!so!please!
register!your!
Powerwall!with!
Tesla.!Even!if!we!
can't!honour!the!
full!10!year!
warranty!for!the!
above!reasons,!
we!will!always!
honour!the!
warranty!for!at!
least!four!years!
following!the!
date!your!
Powerwall!was!
installed!for!the!
first!time.!
!
Modifications!
and!waivers!
!No!person!or!
entity,!including!
a!Tesla!employee!
authorised!
representative,!
can!modify!or!
waive!any!part!of!
this!Warranty.!
!
Limitation!on!use!
Your!Powerwall!
Powerwall!
comes!with!
guarantees!it!
cannot!be!
excluded!under!
the!Australian!
Consumer!Law.!
You!are!
entitled!to!a!
replacement!or!
refund!frame!
major!failure!
and!for!
compensation!
for!any!other!
reasonably!
foreseeable!
loss!or!
damage.!You!
are!also!
entitled!to!
have!your!
power!will!
repaired!or!
replaced!if!it!
fails!to!be!of!
acceptable!
quality!and!the!
failure!does!
not!amount!to!
a!major!failure.!
These!
consumer!
guaranteed!
rights!apply!for!
a!"reasonable!
period",!which!
depends!upon!
all!the!relevant!
circumstances!
including!the!
price!the!
product,!uses!
to!which!this!
been!put!and!
the!nature!of!
the!product.!
!
85!
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is!not!intended!
for!use!as!a!
primary!or!
backup!power!
source!for!life-
support!systems,!
other!medical!
equipment,!or!
any!other!use!
where!product!
fate!could!lead!
to!injury!to!
persons!or!loss!
of!life!or!
catastrophic!
property!
damage.!To!the!
extent!permitted!
by!law,!Tesla!
disclaims!any!
and!all!liability!
arising!out!of!any!
such!use!of!your!
Powerwall.!!
Further,!Tesla!
reserves!the!
right!to!refuse!to!
service!any!
Powerwall!used!
for!these!
purposes!and!
disclaims!any!
and!all!liability!
arising!out!of!
Tesla’s!service!or!
refusal!to!service!
your!Powerwall!
in!such!
circumstances.!!!
!
!
!
(to!be!re-
branded!as!
Trina!BESS)!
Energy!
Storage!
System!
7.2!
!
(PowerC
ube!2.0!
Mini!
4.8kWh,!
PowerCu
be!2.0!
7.2kWh!
and!
PowerCu
be!2.0,!
9.6kWh)!
!
!
Not!
stated
122
!
Lithium!
iron!
phosphat
e!
4.8kWh!(?)!
Not!
stated!
Operating!
outside!the!
ambient!
temperature!
range!(does!
not!exceed!
0ºC!and!40ºC)!!
!
Cannot!be!
installed!at!a!
location!that!
will!be!
exposed!to!
temperature!
of!more!than!
50ºC!
!
(Note!that!the!
warranty!
document!
differs!from!
the!
specification!
sheet!which!
provides!an!
Trina!Energy!
Storage!
Solutions!
(Jiangsu)!
Co.,!Ltd.!
(“herein!
referred!to!
as!
TrinaBEST”)!
provides!a!
10!year!
Battery!
Performanc
e!and!
Capacity!
Warranty!
for!your!
PowerCube!
2.0!energy!
storage!
product!
covering!the!
Lithium!Ion!
cells!
contained!
10!Limited!Warranty!
on!Battery!
Performance!and!
Capacity!
The!Battery!
Performance!and!
Capacity!of!the!
TrinaBEST!PowerCube!
2.0!is!
warranted!to!perform!
to!minimum!energy!
throughput!and!
capacity!
specifications!or!for!a!
period!of!10!years,!
whichever!occurs!first.!
Battery!
Capacity!is!depleted!
with!usage!over!time!
due!to!the!Normal!
Degradation!of!the!
Lithium!Ion!battery!
cells!which!is!
accommodated!by!this!
Limited!Warranty,!and!
This!Limited!Warranty!is!
conditional!on!the!
following:!!
•!Discharge!current!not!
exceeding!the!name!plate!
capacity!divided!by!0.048!x!
0.5Amps.!!
•!The!battery!is!never!
discharged!below!90%!of!
its!remaining!capacity!!
•!Operating!outside!the!
ambient!temperature!
range!(does!not!exceed!
0ºC!and!40ºC)!!
•!Cannot!be!installed!at!a!
location!that!will!be!
exposed!to!temperature!of!
more!than!50ºC!!
•!Being!installed!and!
operating!in!conjunction!
with!a!suitable!inverter!
that!can!interface!with!and!
be!controlled!by!the!
PowerCube!2.0’s!Battery!
This!warranty!
shall!not!cover!
defects!or!non-
conformities!in!
the!PowerCube!
2.0!
which!are!caused!
by!normal!wear!
and!tear,!
inadequate!
maintenance,!
transportation,!
storage!or!faulty!
repair,!misuse,!
neglect,!accident!
or!abuse,!
unauthorised!
modification!or!
repair!to!the!
PowerCube!2.0,!
failure!to!
observe!the!
maintenance!or!
operating!
instructions!
TrinaBEST!will,!at!its!sole!
discretion,!either!repair!the!
malfunctioning!Product(s)!at!
no!charge!or!replace!the!
defective!Product(s)!or!part!
thereof!with!new!or!
remanufactured!
equivalent(s)!at!no!charge.!
In!either!case!TrinaBEST!
shall!bear!all!insurance!and!
product!transportation!
charges!(except!air!freight),!
customs!clearance!and!any!
other!costs!for!shipping!the!
repaired!or!replaced!
Product(s)!to!the!Buyer.!The!
costs!and!expenses!for!the!
removal,!installation!or!
reinstallation!shall!remain!
with!the!Buyer.!The!
warranty!period!for!
replaced!or!repaired!
Product(s)!will!be!the!
remainder!of!the!warranty!
from!the!commencement!of!
Not!stated!
Except!as!
herein!
expressly!
stated,!there!
are!no!
warranties!or!
conditions,!
express!or!
implied,!by!
operation!of!
law!or!
otherwise,!for!
any!subject!of!
the!warranty!
thereof!
furnished!
hereunder.!The!
parties!agree!
that!the!
implied!
warranties!of!
merchantabilit
y!and!fitness!
for!a!particular!
purpose!and!all!
Not!stated!
No!but!does!
state!“The!
Limited!
Warranties!
described!
within!this!
document!
give!you!
specific!legal!
rights.!You!
may!have!
further!legal!
rights!and!
remedies!
under!
Australian!
Law”!
Not!stated!
!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
122
!TrinaBEST,!Warranty:'Energy'Storage'System'for'Home:'PowerCube'2.0'–'V1.3,!
http://img.en25.com/Web/MPowerAustralia/%7Bb9fe278c-9859-4b37-bda7-9d286b228a3a%7D_TrinaBEST_Warranty_PowerCube_EN_V1.3.pdf!!
!
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operating!
temperature!
of:!
-10℃~50℃!
!
and!an!
ambient!
temperature!
of:!-
25℃~60℃!
!
within,!
when!
installed!
and!used!in!
a!manner!
described!
within!this!
document.!
All!other!
system!
components!
carry!a!5!
year!Limited!
Warranty.!
Limited!
Warranties!
shall!
commence!
on!the!date!
the!
customer!is!
invoiced!for!
the!product.!
!
!
quantified!by!the!
statements!below.!
!
Battery!Performance!
and!Capacity!is!
warranted!as!follows:!
•!Battery!capacity!is!
warranted!to!be!at!
least!60%!of!name-
plate!capacity!after10!
years,!or!after!a!total!
energy!throughput!of!
2339kWhr!per!kWh!of!
name!plate!capacity,!
whichever!occurs!first.!
These!figures!are!
quantified!in!absolute!
terms!for!each!model!
of!PowerCube!2.0!and!
set!out!in!the!Table!1!
at!the!end!of!this!
document.!Other!
Inclusions!In!addition!
to!the!warranted!
Battery!Performance!
and!Capacity!detailed!
above,!TrinaBEST!also!
warrants!that!the!
PowerCube!2.0!shall!
be!free!from!defects!in!
design,!material!and!
workmanship,!while!
warranting!that!the!
product!conforms!to!
the!applicable!
specifications!for!a!
period!of!5!years.!
!
Management!System!!
•!Being!installed!as!per!the!
TrinaBEST!Installation!and!
Maintenance!manual!
current!at!the!time!of!
purchase.!
!
provided!by!
TrinaBEST,!
improper!
installation,!
operation!in!
ambient!
temperature!
ranges!exceeding!
0ºC!and!40ºC,!or!
installation!in!
corrosive!
environment.!
The!warranty!
shall!not!apply!to!
defects!caused!
by!external!
influences!
including!
unusual!physical!
or!electrical!
stress!(power!
failure!surges,!
lightning,!flood,!
fire,!accidental!
breakage),!which!
are!not!the!
responsibility!of!
TrinaBEST.!
TrinaBEST!shall!
not!be!
responsible!or!
liable!in!any!way!
to!the!Buyer!for!
any!non-
performance!or!
delay!in!
performance!
under!this!
Limited!
Warranty!due!to!
occurrences!of!
force!majeure!
such!as,!war,!
riots,!strikes,!
unavailability!of!
suitable!and!
sufficient!labour,!
material,!or!
capacity,!or!
technical,!or!
yield!failures!and!
any!unforeseen!
event!beyond!its!
control,!
including,!
without!
limitation,!any!
technological!or!
physical!event!or!
condition!which!
could!not!
reasonably!be!
known!or!
understood!at!
the!time!of!the!
sale!of!the!
Product(s),!or!
the!notification!
the!original!PowerCube!2.0!
Limited!Warranty!date.!
!
other!
warranties!
and/or!
guarantees,!
express!or!
implied,!are!
excluded!from!
this!transaction!
and!shall!not!
apply!for!the!
subject!of!the!
warranty.!In!no!
event,!shall!
TrinaBEST!be!
liable!for!any!
special,!
incidental!or!
consequential!
damages!of!
any!nature!
whatsoever!for!
any!reason!
(including,!
without!
limitation,!lost!
profits,!loss!of!
use,!loss!of!
equipment!or!
loss!of!
revenues)!
regardless!of!
the!legal!
theory!on!
which!any!such!
claim!may!be!
made,!even!if!
advised!of!the!
possibility!of!
such!damages.!
!
!
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of!the!claim!
under!this!
Limited!
Warranty.!
!