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Application
News
EDX-7200 New Primary Filter
- Quantitative Analysis of Titanium Dioxide in
Antibacterial Coatings -
Aya Urushizaki
Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometer EDX-7200
With growing interest in hygienic products, various antibacterial
products have recently been developed. Due to titanium dioxide’s
relative safety and photocatalytic capability, titanium dioxide
coatings are being applied as antibacterial coatings in both
indoor and outdoor products. However, there is also concern that
the coating may come off as a result of rubbing or wiping with a
solvent like alcohol.
Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy (EDX) is
effective at measuring titanium dioxide coatings because it does
not require cumbersome sample preparation and can analyze
samples nondestructively. The newly launched EDX-7200 comes
standard with a series of primary filters that are effective for trace
element analysis, and the newly installed filter is especially
effective for the analysis of Ti to Co.
In this application note, we present examples of titanium dioxide
photocatalytic coatings applied on resins and subsequently
analyzed for coating amount before and after wiping with
chlorine disinfectant and alcohol.
Fig. 1 Profile Comparison of Trace Elements in Oil
The use of primary filters can reduce characteristic and
continuous X-rays scattered from X-ray tubes. The filters are
useful for analyzing trace elements because of their ability to
increase signal to noise. Fig. 1 shows the profile comparison of
trace elements in oil with and without the EDX-7200's new
primary filter (#5).
New primary filter
Fig. 2 Appearance of Sample A
Table 1 Sample Summary
Introduction
New filter (#5)
No Filter
*Strength standardized for comparison.
Four samples were prepared as shown in Table 1. Fig. 2 shows the
appearance of sample A.
Sample
Sample name Preprocessing content
Sample A :
Titanium dioxide photocatalytic coatings
applied to polypropylene (PP) sheets
Sample B :
Wipe sample A with chlorine-based
disinfectant
Sample C : Wipe sample A with ethanol
Uncoated sample : PP sheet only
The samples were placed and measured in such a way that they
were directly irradiated with X-rays on the coating surface without
any pretreatment.
Sample
EDX-7200 can nondestructively analyze coatings.
The amount of titanium dioxide can be determined by thin-f
ilm FP method.
The new primary filter is effective for analyzing Ti to Co (energy range: 4~8 keV).
Application
News
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First Edition: Mar. 202301-00202-EN
Ti profile
Measurement c
onditions
Samples A-C and uncoated sample were measured using the
newly installed primary filter (#5). For comparison, we also
performed measurements using a conventional filter (#2), which
is also effective for analyzing trace amounts of Ti. Overlapped
profiles are shown in Fig. 3 (a) and (b). It is evident that the
signal to noise ratio of trace Ti is significantly higher on filter (#5)
compared to filter (#2).
Sample A Sample B
Sample C Uncoated sample
(a) New filter (#5) (b) Conventional Filter (#2)
Fig. 3 Ti Kα Profile Overlapping
Detection Lower Limit
Table 2 shows the results of the coated sample measured 10
times using both the new filter (#5) and the conventional filter
(#2). The titanium dioxide (TiO
2
) coating amount was
determined using the film FP method. From the standard
deviations obtained, the detection limits for each filter are
0.0045 μg/cm
2
for the newly installed filter (#5) and 0.0132
μg/cm
2
for the conventional filter (#2). These results indicate
that the newly installed filter (#5) is effective for measuring trace
amounts of Ti.
Table 2 Repeatability of the uncoated sample
n
New filter
(#5)
Conventional Filter
(#2)
1 0.032 0.030
2 0.031 0.033
3 0.033 0.028
4 0.033 0.024
5 0.030 0.025
6 0.033 0.035
7 0.035 0.027
8 0.032 0.031
9 0.033 0.021
10 0.031 0.031
Mean 0.032 0.029
Standard deviation (σ) 0.0015 0.0044
Lower detection limit (3σ) 0.0045 0.0132
[μg/cm
2
]
Quantitative analysis results
Quantitative analysis results of TiO
2
coating on samples A-C are
shown in Table 3. The uncoated sample also contained trace
amounts of Ti and therefore blank correction was performed to
subtract the contribution from the uncoated sample. The results
are shown in Table 3.
Sample name Adhesion amount of TiO
2
Sample A 0.121
Sample B 0.033
Sample C 0.005
Table 3 Quantitative Analysis Results
[μg/cm
2
]
Conclusion
Titanium dioxide photocatalytic coatings applied to PP sheets
were evaluated by EDX for TiO
2
adhesion before and after
wiping. From the results, it is clear that most of the coating
material was removed by wiping.
Primary filters are effective for trace element analysis. The use of
a new filter on the EDX-7200 allowed sensitive analysis of trace
Ti before and after wiping.
Equipment : EDX-7200
Element :
22
Ti
Analysis group : Quantitative
Analytical
method
: Thin film FP method
Detector : SDD
X-ray tube ball : Rh target
Tube voltage : 30 [kV]
Tube current : Auto [μA]
Collimator : 10 [mmφ]
Primary filter : #5 (#2)
Atmosphere : Air
Integration time : 300 sec
Deadtime : Up to 30 (%)
Table 4 Quantitative Analysis Results
