relation to North American environmental attitudes, see Eugene Hargrove, “The
Historical Foundations of American Environmental Attitudes,” Environmental Ethics,
1979, vol. 1, pp. 209–40.
43 Romanenko, op. cit., p. 143.
44 Ibid., p. 141.
45 John Constable, from his last public lecture, delivered at the Royal Institution of
Great Britain in 1836. Quoted in Ronald Rees, “John Constable and the Art of
Geography,” Geographical Review, 1976, vol. 66, p. 59.
46 Ibid., pp. 59–61; quoted from John Constable, in C.R.Leslie (ed.) Memoirs of John
Constable, London, Phaidon, 1951, p. 272. On Constable and science, see also E.H.
Gombrich, Art and Illusion, Princeton, Princeton University Press, 1961, especially
part I.
47 Rees, “John Constable and the Art of Geography,” op. cit., p. 59. On the role of
science in Ruskin’s thought, see Denis E.Cosgrove, “John Ruskin and the
Geographical Imagination,” Geographical Review, 1979, vol. 69, pp. 43–62.
48 With the exception of the second and the sixth, these are respectively, the titles of the
following articles: Fels, op. cit., Rolston, “Can and Ought We to Follow Nature?,” op.
cit., Rolston, “Is there an Ecological Ethics?,” op. cit., and Simonsen, op. cit. The
second and sixth are chapter and section titles from Meeker, op. cit.
49 Kinnunen, op. cit., pp. 47–8.
50 Elliot, op. cit., p. 91.
51 Rolston, “Can and Ought We to Follow Nature?,” op. cit., p. 23.
52 Rolston, “Is There an Ecological Ethic?,” op. cit., p. 107. Rolston is quoting the last
three words from Aldo Leopold, “The Land Ethic,” A Sand County Almanac, New
York, Oxford University Press, 1949, p. 223. In these articles Rolston is more
concerned with moral than with aesthetic value.
53 Meeker, op. cit., pp. 124–5.
54 Biese, op. cit., p. 357.
55 Val Routley, “Critical Notice of John Passmore, Man’s Responsibility for Nature,”
Australasian Journal of Philosophy, 1975, vol. 53, p. 183.
56 Elliot, op. cit., p. 91.
57 Rolston, “Is there an Ecological Ethic?,” op. cit., pp. 100–1.
58 Routley, op. cit., p. 183.
59 Kendall Walton, “Categories of Art,” Philosophical Review, 1970, vol. 79, p. 364.
60 Paul Ziff, “Reasons in Art Criticism,” in W.E.Kennick (ed.) Art and Philosophy:
Readings in Aesthetics, New York, St. Martin’s Press, 1964, p. 620.
61 Walton, op. cit., p. 338–9.
62 Ziff, “Anything Viewed,” op. cit., p. 291.
63 Ronald Hepburn, “Aesthetic Appreciation of Nature,” in Harold Osborne (ed.)
Aesthetics in the Modern World, London, Thames and Hudson, 1968, p. 55.
64 See my “Appreciation and the Natural Environment,” op. cit., (reproduced in this
volume, Chapter 4) and especially “Nature, Aesthetic Judgment, and Objectivity,”
Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism, 1981, vol. 40, pp. 15–27 (reproduced in this
volume, Chapter 5). In the latter chapter, as here, I utilize some of the terminology
introduced by Walton in “Categories of Art,” op. cit. In that article Walton does not
apply his category approach to the aesthetic appreciation of nature and in fact
expresses doubts about the possibility of doing so. However, in subsequent
conversations, he has agreed that it is plausible to understand the aesthetic appreciation
AESTHETICS AND THE ENVIRONMENT 99