ON NIGERIA 2.0
ANNEX 1: ON NIGERIA 2.0 MEDIA MONITORING METHODOLOGY
(LEARNING BRIEF)
Background
Under On Nigeria 1.0, EnCompass subcontracted Playspread, based in Nigeria, and Pulsar TRAC, a
media monitoring software company, to monitor various media sources (print, radio, television (TV),
online, and social media), using filters, keywords, sub-keywords, and hashtags related to On Nigeria
1.0’s modules to identify and pull corruption-related articles, segments, and posts. These articles,
along with corruption-related articles produced and/or supported and submitted by Media and
Journalism (MJ) grantees, comprised the full media monitoring dataset during On Nigeria 1.0.
EnCompass sorted each article from the digital media data stream into one of six categories:
Investigative; News Story – Potentially Investigative (also referred to as Potentially Investigative);
News Story – News; News Story – Feature; Op Ed/Editorial; and Press Release/Speech, and then
assessed the quality of Investigative and Potentially Investigative articles according to a quality rubric
comprised of five domains: Source Variety; Research Quality; Neutrality; Originality; and Public
Interest.
After a strategy review in 2019 and 2020, the Program Team worked with EnCompas to revise the On
Nigeria theory of change (TOC) and develop an EL Framework for On Nigeria 2.0. EnCompass then
updated the media monitoring methodology to better align with the revised TOC and EL Framework.
This document summarizes that updated methodology and explains how it differs from the methods
used under On Nigeria 1.0.
Media Monitoring 2.0 Methodology
Overview
Media monitoring assesses the level of media coverage related to corruption issues and
anticorruption actions, including the frequency with which the work of On Nigeria grantees is
mentioned in the media. The revised media monitoring methodology comprises three data streams:
April 2022 | On Nigeria 2.0 Learning Brief
November 2022 | On Nigeria 2.0 Learning Brief 2
traditional media, digital media, and social media. In the aggregate, these data streams enable
EnCompass, in partnership with subcontractors Playspread and Pulsar, to measure the quantity of
corruption-related reporting on different topics across the media and social media landscape, and
assess the quality of investigative journalism in Nigeria. Each year, data is collected in five languages,
as noted below, and translated into English for analysis. For the purposes of Learning Brief #6- Media
Monitoring 2021 Report, only digital and traditional media were analyzed. Social media will be
analyzed in Learning Brief #5- Amplifying Investigative Journalism.
Data streams
Traditional media
The traditional media data stream captures TV and radio segments in English, Hausa, Yoruba, Igbo,
and Pidgin. EnCompass developed a list of criteria to purposively sample traditional media consisting
of Nigerian radio and TV sources based on the reach, popularity, corruption-related reporting, and
reputation of each source. A variety of news sources that met these criteria were then selected
based on the diversity of languages, with a minimum of two news sources selected for each
language. The regional coverage for each news source ensures the sample covers all major regions of
Nigeria.
Traditional media sources inclusion criteria include:
• National, regional, and state-level reach, measured by viewership
• Popularity at national, regional, and state levels
• Coverage of corruption-related news reporting
• Reputation as a quality radio and TV source
• Diversity of Nigerian languages
•
On Nigeria 2.0 grantee organizations partnered with radio and TV sources
A total of nine national, regional, and state-level TV channels were selected for their strong
penetration nationally as well as in the North Central, North East, North West, South West, South
East, and South South regions of Nigeria. Five of the TV channels are nationally broadcast, while four
of the TV channels are regionally focused.
The 11 radio stations include one national station and ten stations with regional and state focus.
Three stations are government sponsored: Rhythm FM, KSMC Kaduna, and Rock City FM. One
station, Wazobia FM Lagos, has a wide reach and is in Pidgin, thereby popular with southern
populations. Radio stations vary in terms of focus – from world news, investigative news, politics, and
talk radio.
The 20 traditional media sources produce four breaking news segments each day and are aired in the
morning, afternoon, later afternoon, and evening. The most watched TV segment and the most
listened to radio segment were in the evenings, therefore one hour of breaking news was sampled
November 2022 | On Nigeria 2.0 Learning Brief 3
daily from each TV channel and radio station during the evening hour.
1
TV and radio data for 2021
was retroactively recorded, transcribed, and translated into English (in the cases where segments
were in Igbo, Pidgin, Hausa, or Yoruba) (Exhibit 1).
Exhibit 1. Traditional media sources sampled by station, regional coverage, and language
Station
Regional Coverage
Language(s)
Television
Africa Independent
Television
(AIT)Network*
National/International.
Headquarters in Abuja and stations in 24 out of
36 states, available nationally via satellite
English
Galaxy Network
Stations in Lagos and Ibadan, broadcasting to
Lagos, Oyo, Osun, and Ogun states in the South
West region
English
Channels Network
Stations in Abuja, Lagos, Edo, Kano in North
Central, South West, South South, and North
West regions respectively, with National reach
English, Expanding
into Hausa,
Yoruba, and Igbo
NTA Network*
National (federal government owned) with
branches all over the country including
headquarters in Abuja, 36 stations across the
country and 62 community broadcast stations
across the country
English
Silverbird TV
Network
National with headquarters in Lagos, South
West region
English
Broadcasting
Corporation of Oyo
State BCOS
Headquarters in Ibadan (broadcasts to Oyo
state and parts of South West region)
Yoruba
Liberty TV Kaduna
Abuja, Kaduna, Lagos, Oyo, Enugu, and Plateau
in North Central, North West, South West, and
South East regions
Hausa, English
Anambra
Broadcasting
Service^
Anambra and surrounding area (Delta, Edo,
Enugu, Imo, etc.) in South East and South South
regions
Igbo, English
Arise TV
National
English
Radio
Raypower Network
National with main stations in Abuja, Port
Harcourt, Lagos, in North Central, South South,
and South West zones and 20 substations
around the country
English & includes
Cultural program
in Yoruba, Igbo,
1
https://www.geopoll.com/blog/popular-tv-stations-and-viewing-times-in-nigeria/
November 2022 | On Nigeria 2.0 Learning Brief 4
Hausa, Etsako and
Pidgin
Rhythm FM*
Lagos, Abuja, port Harcourt, Benin, and Jos in
South West, North Central, South South zones
with national reach
English
KSMC Kaduna*
Kaduna state
Hausa
Wazobia FM
Headquarters in Lagos with studios in Port
Harcourt, Abuja, Kano and Onitsha, in South
West, South South, North Central, North West,
and South East zones, respectively
Pidgin, English
Rock City FM*
Ogun State, South West Zone
English
Cool FM
Lagos – Broadcast to Lagos, Rivers State, Abuja,
and Kano State in South West, South South,
North Central, and North West zones
respectively
English
Bond FM
Lagos and surrounding areas (South West Zone)
Hausa, Yoruba,
Igbo, and Pidgin
Radio Lagos^
Lagos (state owned) South West Zone
Yoruba, Egun
Naija FM
Lagos, Ibadan, Port Harcourt in South West and
South South zones
Pidgin
Freedom FM
Kano, North West Zone (also in Kaduna w/
licenses to open stations in Sokoto (North West)
and Maiduguri (North East))
Hausa
Sapentia FM
South East Zone (Onitsha, Anambra State)
Igbo, English
*Corruption Tori, an investigative reporting news channel, will be sampled in addition to the regular news hour.
^ State-owned
Corruption-related filter terms: A list of 26 filter terms were developed to capture all corruption-
related news from traditional media sources. Boolean search operators were applied to each filter
term along with variations of the terms to ensure different and accurate usage of the word was
captured from the TV and radio segments. For the list of corruption-related filter terms, please see
Exhibit 4 below.
Module-specific keywords: The module-specific keywords and phrases have been organized by the
On Nigeria 2.0 modules—Criminal Justice, Joinbodi, Media and Journalism, and Behavior Change.
Each of the keywords for the modules are based on the topics relating to the work conducted in the
corruption space or specific grantee-related efforts that fall under the topic of the module. The cross-
cutting category consists of concepts that overlap for more than one of the four modules. Some of
the keywords in the cross-cutting category were also too broad to be included in the corruption-
related filter terms since it may capture data that may be irrelevant to corruption (Exhibits 5-9).
5
Sampling: Playspread followed a step-by-step process to collect, crawl, screen, analyze, and report
traditional media data by first recording, transcribing, and translating (in the case of non-English
segments) all TV and radio segments during the evening hour. Then Playspread searched all
transcribed segments for the corruption-related filter terms and collected only segments containing
these words. Finally, the module-specific keywords were applied to the remaining segments through
tags so that the keyword mentioned could be calculated (Exhibit 10).
Cleaning: The EnCompass team cleaned the data so that each segment with all corruption-related
filter terms and all associated module-specific keywords appeared in one row. Following this, the
EnCompass team was able to complete descriptive statistics to analyze the different filter terms,
keywords, modules, and grantee organizations mentioned in the segments.
Digital media
EnCompass developed a list of criteria to purposively sample online Nigerian sources based on the
reach, popularity, corruption-related news reporting, and reputation of each online source. The
regional coverage for each online source ensures the sample covers all major regions of Nigeria.
Digital media inclusion criteria:
• National, regional, and state-level reach, measured by readership
• Popularity at national, regional, and state levels
• Coverage of corruption-related online reporting
• Reputation as a quality online source
A total of 15 online sources were selected for their national and regional audiences. Five of the
online sources are On Nigeria 2.0 MJ grantee organizations (see sources marked with an * in Exhibit
2), while ten of the online sources are reputable, non-grantee sources. All sources have a focus on
news reporting with some sources having a specific investigative journalism column on their
websites, such as Premium Times. National and regional news sources are listed in Exhibit 2 along
with their rank by website traffic among Nigerian online news sources according to SimilarWeb.com
as of June 2022.
Exhibit 2. Digital media sources sampled by media organization, regional coverage, and rank.
Media Organization
Regional Coverage
Rank
This Day
National
19
The Sun
National
25
Vanguard
Edo State
3
Daily Times
National
*not ranked
2
Daily Trust*
Kaduna State, Abuja, FCT State
22
2
Daily Times and Legit were recommended for inclusion by the subcontractor, Playspread, and did not have a page on
Similar Web.
November 2022 | On Nigeria 2.0 Learning Brief
November 2022 | On Nigeria 2.0 Learning Brief 6
Leadership
Kaduna State, Abuja, FCT State
23
Punch
Lagos State
1
The Guardian
Lagos State
10
Nation
Ogun State
8
Daily Post
Local and National
4
The Cable*
National
15
International Centre for
Investigative Reporting (ICIR)*
National
98
Premium Times*
National
6
Sahara Reporters*
National
11
Legit
National
*not ranked
3
Corruption-related filter terms: A list of 26 filter terms and phrases were provided to capture all
corruption-related articles from online media sources. Boolean search operators were applied to
each filter term or phrase along with variations of the keywords to ensure different and accurate
usage of the word was captured. Online news data from Pulsar TRAC was collected retroactively for
the last 12 months from the start date. For the list of corruption-related filter terms, please see
Exhibit 4 below.
Module-specific keywords: The module-specific keywords and phrases have been organized by the
On Nigeria 2.0 modules—Criminal Justice, Joinbodi, Media and Journalism, and Behavior Change.
Each of the keywords for the modules are based on the topics relating to the work done in the
corruption space or specific grantee-related efforts that fall under the topic of the module. The cross-
cutting category consists of concepts that overlap for more than one of the four modules. Some of
the keywords in the cross-cutting category were also too broad to be included in the corruption-
related filter terms since it may capture data that may be irrelevant to corruption (Exhibits 5-9).
Sampling: Encompass input the corruption-related filter terms on Pulsar TRAC to capture all
corruption-related online news in Nigeria. With the support of the Pulsar team, a tag was developed
on the Pulsar TRAC platform for each corruption-related filter term and module-level keyword. All
articles were then exported and downloaded as an excel sheet.
Cleaning: The Encompass team cleaned the digital media data by extracting the purposive sample of
15 media organizations from the larger sample. The data was further cleaned so that each tag
appeared in a separate column, at which point descriptive statistics could be performed similarly to
the traditional media monitoring methodology.
3
Legit was miscategorized on Similar Web, likely because more viewership came from the US and other countries outside
of Nigeria.
November 2022 | On Nigeria 2.0 Learning Brief 7
Investigative Reporting (sub-stream of digital media)
Due to the updated sampling methodology for On Nigeria 2.0, far more corruption-related online
articles were collected for 2021 than in past years. For this reason, EnCompass selected an equal
sample of online articles to assess the quality of investigative journalism. A total of 2,000 articles
were randomly sampled with 1,000 articles selected from grantee media organizations and 1,000
articles selected from non-grantee media organizations. At the start of the Media Monitoring 2.0
Methodology, Playspread classified articles into either investigative or non-investigate articles (see
Annex 2 for detailed descriptions of the article categorization process). The investigative articles
were then assessed for quality against a rubric (see Annex 2 for the Quality of Investigative Reporting
rubric).
Social media
Annex 1 will be updated to include more details on the social media monitoring methodology during
the delivery of Learning Brief #5- Amplifying Investigative Journalism.
Key Differences Between 1.0 and 2.0
Exhibit 3 summarizes key differences between the On Nigeria 1.0 Media Monitoring Methodology
and the On Nigeria 2.0 Media Monitoring Methodology.
Exhibit 3. Key Changes to the Media Monitoring Methodology: On Nigeria 1.0 relative to On Nigeria 2.0
On Nigeria 1.0
On Nigeria 2.0
Traditional Media
Included print media, a
popular source for news at
the time.
Print media was dropped due to the reduction of
print media during the pandemic and the
predominant use of radio and TV. To include a
diversity of languages, additional radio stations
and TV channels were selected to ensure the
main languages spoken in Nigeria (Igbo, Yoruba,
Hausa, Pidgin, and English) were included.
Digital Media
Playspread was contracted
for all media monitoring
data collection under On
Nigeria 1.0.
With the increasing use of the internet and
mobile phones in Nigeria, digital media (online
news) has become a significant source of news
for Nigerians. Therefore, Encompass shifted the
digital media sampling process to subcontractor
Pulsar TRAC, an online media monitoring
software company based in the UK, to collect
retroactive and prospective digital media data.
Corruption-
Related Filter
Terms
A list of corruption-related
filter terms was created and
applied to news articles only
from the purposively
sampled media
organizations.
A list of corruption-related filter terms was
created to collect all digital media regarding
corruption in Nigeria. Once all the digital media
sources were collected, a closed universe of
articles was created from which we purposively
November 2022 | On Nigeria 2.0 Learning Brief 8
sampled the media organizations and online
articles for further analysis.
Module Level
Filter Terms
The On Nigeria 1.0 modules
consisted of Cross-cutting,
Electricity, Education, Media
and Journalism, and
Criminal Justice and the
module-level keyword lists
were created in line with
these modules. The grantee
list was also included in
keywords.
The modules for On Nigeria 2.0 changed, and
now include Cross-Cutting, Joinbodi, Behavior
Change, Media and Journalism, and Criminal
Justice. Not only were the keywords refined and
updated, but the grantee list was also updated in
line with these new modules.
Article
Categorization
In On Nigeria 1.0, all online
articles were categorized as
Investigative, News Story–
Potentially Investigative,
News Story– News, News
Story– Feature, Op
Ed/Editorial, and Press
Release/Speech.
Due to the large number of online articles
collected in 2021, online articles were
categorized only as investigative and non-
investigative articles. The previous category,
News Story– Potentially Investigative, was
categorized as investigative. All other previous
categories were categorized under non-
investigative articles.
Quality of
Investigative
Reporting
Online articles that were
selected for further quality
assessment were not
equally sampled between
grantee and non-grantee
organizations. All articles
categorized as Investigative
or News Story-Potentially
Investigative were scored
against the IR Quality
Rubric.
To assess the quality of investigative articles, an
equal, random sub-sample of 2,000 online
articles were selected from the purposive
sample of 22,208 articles. Therefore, 1,000
articles were published by grantee media
organizations; and 1,000 articles were published
by non-grantee media organizations. All articles
categorized as Investigative were scored against
the IR Quality Rubric.
Filter Terms and Keywords Lists
A list of all the corruption-related filter terms and module-level keywords, along with their variations,
have been provided below.
Exhibit 4. Corruption-related filter terms for digital and traditional media.
No.
Keyword/Phrase
Keyword/Phrase Variations
Boolean Search Term
1
Corrupt
Corruption, Corrupt Actions, Acts of
Corruption, Corrupt Acts, Anti-corrupt, Anti-
corruption, Anticorruption, corrupt offense,
corrupt offence
“corrupt”, “corruption”, “corrupt actions”,
“acts of corruption”, “corrupt acts”,
“anticorrupt” “anticorruption” “anti-
corrupt” “anti-corruption”, “corrupt
offense”, “corrupt offence”
November 2022 | On Nigeria 2.0 Learning Brief 9
2
Administration of
Criminal Justice Act
ACJA, ACJ, ACJMCs
“Administration of Criminal Justice Act”,
“ACJA”, “ACJ”, “Administration of Criminal
Justice”
3
Abuse of appeals
“abuse of appeals”, "appeal" OR "appeals"
OR "appealed" OR "appeals abuse"~3 OR
"appeal abuse"~3 OR "appealed abuse"~3
4
Bribe
Bribery, Bribed, Bribing
“bribe”, bribery”, “bribed”, “bribing”
5
Budget Pad
Pad the Budget, Budget was padded, padding
the budget
“budget pad”, “pad the budget”, “budget
was padded”, “padding the budget”
6
Collusion
Colluded, Colluding, Collude
“collusion”, “colluded”, “colluding”,
“collude”
7
Embezzle
Embezzling, Embezzled, Embezzlement
“embezzle”, “embezzling”, “embezzled”,
“embezzlement”
8
Extortion
Extorted, Extorting, Extort,
“extortion”, “extorted”, “extorting”,
“extort”
9
Favoritism
Favouritism
“favoritism”, “favouritism”
10
Nepotism
Nepotism
“nepotism”
11
Financial crime
“financial crime”
12
Fraud
Defraud, fraudulent
“fraud”, “defraud”, “fraudulent”
13
Graft
Grafting, Grafted
“graft”, “grafting”, “grafted”
14
Loot
Looting, Looted
“loot”, “looting”, “looted”
15
Mismanagement of
funds
Mismanaged funds, Mismanaging funds,
Funds mismanaged
“mismanagement of funds”, “mismanaged
funds”, “mismanaging funds”, “funds
mismanaged”
16
Money laundering
Laundering Money, Laundered money
“money laundering”, “laundering money”,
“laundered money”
17
Whistleblower
“whistleblower”
18
Repatriation
Repatriate, Repatriating, Repatriated
“repatriation”, “repatriate”, “repatriating”,
“repatriated”
19
Racketeer
Racketeering
“racketeer”, “racketeering”
20
Misappropriation
Misappropriate, Misappropriating,
Misappropriated
“misappropriation”, “misappropriate”,
“misappropriating”, misappropriated”
21
Non-remittance
Nonremittance
“non-remittance”, “nonremittance”
22
Siphon
siphoned, siphoning
“siphon”, “siphoned”, “siphoning”
23
Cross-carpet
cross carpet, cross-carpeting, cross carpeted,
cross-carpeted, cross carpeting
“cross-carpet”, “cross-carpeting”, “cross
carpeted”, “cross-carpeted”, “cross
carpet”, “cross carpeting”
24
Forgery
Forging, forged
“forgery”, “forging”, “forged”, “forge”
25
Rig
Rigged, Rigging,
“Rig”, “Rigged”, “Rigging”
26
SERAP
Socio-Economic Rights & Accountability
Project, Socio-Economic Rights and
Accountability Project, Socio Economic Rights
and Accountability Project
“Socio-Economic Rights & Accountability
Project” OR SERAP OR “Socio-Economic
Rights and Accountability Project” OR
“Socio Economic Rights and Accountability
Project”
Exhibit 5. Cross-Cutting-level keywords for digital and traditional media.
Module: Cross-Cutting Keywords and Phrases
Keyword/Phrase
Keyword/Phrase Variations
Boolean Search Term
Petition
Petitioned, petitions
“petition”, “petitioned”, “petitions”
Protest
Protests, Protested, Protesting
“protest”, “protests”, “protested”, “protesting”
Sanction
Sanctioned, Sanctions, Sanctioning
“sanction”, “sanctioned”, “sanctions”,
“sanctioning”
November 2022 | On Nigeria 2.0 Learning Brief 10
Town hall
Townhall
“townhall” town hall”
Collaboration
Collaborating, Collaborated
“collaboration”, “collaborating”, “collaborated”
Compliance
Compliant, Noncompliance, Non-
compliance, Noncompliant, comply,
Complied
“compliance”, “compliant”, “noncompliance”,
“non-compliance”, “noncompliant”, “comply”,
“complied”
Contract
Contractor
“contract”, “contractor”
Track
Tracking, Tracked
“track” “tracking” “tracked”
Leakage
“leakage”
Transparent
Transparency
“transparency”, “transparent”
Accountability
Accountable
“accountable”, “accountability”
Steal
Stealing, Stole, Stolen
“steal”, “stealing”, “stole”, “stolen”
Theft
“theft”
Monitor
Monitoring, Monitored
“monitor”, “monitoring”, monitored”
Investigative
Investigate, Investigative, Investigating
“investigative”, “investigate”, “investigative”,
“investigating”
Civil society
Civil society organization, CSO
“civil society”, “civil society organization”, “CSO”
Elections
“elections”
Due process
Due processes
“due processes”, “due process”
Public funds
“public funds”
Justice
Justice was served
“justice”, “justice was served”
Criminal offense
Criminal offence
“criminal offense”, “criminal offence”
Financial flow
Cash Flow
“financial flow”, “cash flow”
Flow of funds
Diversion of funds, funds diverted
“flow of funds”, “Diversion of funds”, “funds
diverted”
Non-asset declaration
Non asset declaration
“non-asset declaration”, “non asset declaration”
Political interference
“political interference”
Political will
“political will”
Exhibit 6. Criminal Justice module-level keywords for digital and traditional media.
Module: Criminal Justice Keywords and Phrases
Keyword Category
Keyword/Phrase
Keyword/Phrase Variation
Boolean Search Term
Criminal Justice
Overall Keywords
Indict
Indicted
“indict”, “indicted”
Court injunction
“court injunction”
Prosecute
Prosecuted, Prosecution,
Prosecutor
“prosecute”, “prosecuted”, “prosecution”,
“prosecutor”
Monitoring
Committee
“monitoring committee”
Adopt ACJA
Adopted ACJA, ACJA Adoption,
Adoption of the ACJA
“adopt ACJA”, “adopted ACJA”, “ACJA
adoption”, “adoption of the ACJA”
Implement ACJA
Implementing ACJA,
Implemented ACJA, ACJA
Implementation,
Implementation of the ACJA
“implement ACJA”, “implementing ACJA”,
“implemented ACJA”, “ACJA
implementation”, “implementation of the
ACJA”
Asset recovery
Recovery of Assets
“asset recovery”, “recovery of assets”
Equal treatment
“equal treatment”
Fair proceedings
“fair proceedings”
Fair process
“fair process”
Impartial jury
“impartial jury”
Legal representation
“legal representation”
Public trial
“public trial”
November 2022 | On Nigeria 2.0 Learning Brief 11
Sentence fits the
crime
the sentence fits the crime
“sentence fits the crime”, “the sentence fits
the crime”
Sentencing reform
“sentencing reform”
Speedy trial
“speedy trial”
Swift justice
“swift justice”
Stay of Proceedings
“stay of proceedings”
ACJA Minimum
standards
Minimum standards for the
ACJA, Minimum standards in
implementing the ACJA, ACJA
minimums
“ACJA minimum standards”, “minimum
standards for the ACJA”, “minimum
standards in implementing the ACJA”, “ACJA
minimums”
The Freedom of
Information Act
Freedom of Information Act,
FOIA
“The Freedom of Information Act”,
“Freedom of Information Act”, “FOIA”
The Procurement Act
“Procurement Act”
“The Procurement Act”, “Procurement Act”
Judge
“judge”
Prosecutor
“prosecutors”
Investigator
“investigator”
Defense Lawyer
“defense lawyer”
Chief Registrars
“chief registrars”
Court Recorders
“court recorders”
Continuing Legal
Education
CLE
“Continuing Legal Education”, “CLE”
Legislation
“legislation”
Statute
“statute”
Court Regulation
Courtroom regulation,
criminal justice regulation,
procedural regulation
“court regulation”, “courtroom regulation”,
“criminal justice regulation”, “procedural
regulation”
Proceeds
Management
“proceeds management”
Beneficial Ownership
“beneficial ownership”
Whistleblower
legislation
Legislation on whistleblowing
“whistleblower legislation”, “legislation on
whistleblowing
Anticorruption
Agencies,
Accountability
Institutions,
Administration of
Criminal Justice, and
Monitoring
Committees
Keywords
Nigeria Financial
Intelligence Unit
NFIU
“Nigeria Financial Intelligence Unit” “NFIU”
Economic and
Financial Crimes
Commission
EFCC
“Economic and Financial Crimes
Commission”, “EFCC”
Technical Unit on
Governance and Anti-
Corruption Reforms
TUGAR
“Technical Unit on Governance and Anti-
Corruption Reforms”, “TUGAR”
Presidential
Committee Against
Corruption
PACAC, Presidential Advisory
Committee Against
Corruption
“Presidential Committee Against
Corruption”, “PACAC”, “Presidential Advisory
Committee Against Corruption”
Office of the Auditor
General for the
Federation
OAUGF
“ Office of the Auditor General for the
Federation”, “OAUGF”
Independent Corrupt
Practices and other
Related Offences
Commission
ICPC
“Independent Corrupt Practices and other
Related Offences Commission”, “ICPC”
Code of Conduct
Bureau
CCB
“Code of Conduct Bureau”, “CCB”
Code of Conduct
Tribunal
CCT
“Code of Conduct Tribunal”, CCT”
November 2022 | On Nigeria 2.0 Learning Brief 12
National Institute of
Law Teachers
NALT
“National Institute of Law Teachers, “NALT”
National Judicial
Institute
NJI
“National Judicial Institute. “NJI”
National Judicial
Council
NJC
“National Judicial Council”, “NJC”
Administration of
Criminal Justice
Monitoring
Committee
ACJMC
“Administration of Criminal Justice
Monitoring Committee”, “ACJMC”
Capacity building for
bellwether state
ACJMCs
Capacity building for
bellwether state
Administration of Criminal
Justice Monitoring
Committees
“capacity building for bellwether state
ACJMCs”, “capacity building for bellwether
state Administration of Criminal Justice
Monitoring Committees”
Judicial Workers
Union
JWU
“Judicial Workers Union”, “JWU”
CJ Grantee
Organizations
Federal ACJMC
Federal Administration of
Criminal Justice Monitoring
Committee
“Federal ACJMC”, “Federal Administration of
Criminal Justice Monitoring Committee”
International
Federation of Women
Lawyers
FIDA
“International Federation of Women
Lawyers”, “FIDA”
JURITRUST Centre for
Socio-Legal Research
and Documentation
JURITRUST, JURITRUST Centre
for Socio Legal Research and
Documentation
“JURITRUST Centre for Socio-Legal Research
and Documentation”, “JURITRUST”,
“JURITRUST Centre for Socio Legal Research
and Documentation”, “Centre for Socio Legal
Research and Documentation”, “JURITRUST
Centre for Socio-Legal Research and
Documentation”
Nigerian Bar
Association
NBA
“Nigerian Bar Association”, “NBA”
Nigerian Institute of
Advanced Legal
Studies
NIALS
“Nigerian Institute of Advanced Legal
Studies”, “NIALS”
Partners West Africa,
Nigeria
Partners West Africa, PWAN
“Partners West Africa, Nigeria”, “Partners
West Africa”, “PWAN”
Centre for Socio-Legal
Studies
CSLS, Centre for Socio Legal
Studies
“Centre for Socio-Legal Studies”, “CSLS”,
“Centre for Socio Legal Studies”
Legal Defense and
Assistance Project
LEDAP
“Legal Defense and Assistance Project”,
“LEDAP”
Centre for Law
Enforcement
Education
Foundation
CLEEN Foundation
CLEEN Foundation, CLEEN,
Centre for Law Enforcement
Education Foundation
“CLEEN Foundation”, “CLEEN”, “Centre for
Law Enforcement Education Foundation”
Center for Fiscal
Transparency and
Integrity Watch
CeFTIW
“Center for Fiscal Transparency and Integrity
Watch”, “CeFTIW”
Centre for Democracy
and Development
CDD
“Centre for Democracy and Development”,
“CDD”
Independent Corrupt
Practices and Other
ICPC
“Independent Corrupt Practices and Other
Related Offenses Commission”, “ICPC”
November 2022 | On Nigeria 2.0 Learning Brief 13
Related Offenses
Commission
Administration of
Criminal Justice
Monitoring
Committee
ACJMC
“Administration of Criminal Justice
Monitoring Committee”, “ACJMC”
Exhibit 7. Media and Journalism module-level keywords for digital and traditional media.
Module: Media and Journalism Keywords and Phrases
Keyword Category
Keyword/Phrase
Keyword/Phrase Variation
Boolean Search Term
MJ Overall Keywords
Quality reporting
High quality reporting,
High-quality reporting
“quality reporting”, “High quality
reporting”, “High-quality reporting”
Independent voice
“independent voice”
Unbiased reporting
“unbiased reporting”
Media investigation
“media investigation”
Investigative Journalism
Investigative reporting,
investigative, Investigating
“investigative journalism”,
“investigative reporting”,
“investigative, “investigating”
Partners United
PartnersUnited
“PartnersUnited”, “Partners
United”
Shehu Musa Yar’Adua
Foundation
“Yar’Adua Foundation”
“Shehu Musa Yar’Adua Foundation”,
“Yar’Adua Foundation”
MJ Grantee Organizations
Bayero University, Kano
BUK
“Kayero University, Kano”, “BUK”
Cable Newspaper
Journalism Foundation
Cable Foundation
“Cable Newspaper Journalism
Foundation”, “Cable Foundation”
Daily Trust Foundation
Daily Trust, DTF
“Daily Trust Foundation”, “DTF”,
“Daily Trust”
International Centre for
Investigative Reporting
ICIR
“International Centre for
Investigative Reporting”, “ICIR”
Premium Times Centre for
Investigative Journalism
PTCIJ
“Premium Times Centre for
Investigative Journalism”, “PTCIJ”
Reboot
“Reboot”
Sahara Reporters Media
Foundation
Sahara Reporters, Civic
Media Lab
“Sahara Reporters Media
Foundation”, “Sahara Reporters”,
“Civic Media Lab”
Tiger Eye Social
Foundation
“Tiger Eye Social Foundation”
Wole Soyinka Centre for
Investigative Journalism
Wole Soyinka, WSCIJ
“ Wole Soyinka Centre for
Investigative Journalism”, “Wole
Soyinka”, “WSCIJ”
Wadata Communications
Wadata Media and
Advocacy Centre
“Wadata Communications”, Wadata
Media and Advocacy Centre”
Signature Communications
Limited
Signature Communications
“Signature Communications
Limited”, “Signature
Communications”
British Broadcasting
Company
BBC
“British Broadcasting Company”,
“BBC”
Progressive Impact
Organization for
Community Development
PRIMORG
“Progressive Impact Organization
for Community Development”,
“PRIMORG”
OYA Media
“OYA Media”
Daria Media
“Daria Media”
November 2022 | On Nigeria 2.0 Learning Brief 14
Center for Journalism,
Innovation and
Development
CJID
“Centre for Journalism, Innovation
and Development”, “CJID”
St Ives Communication Ltd
Women Radio FM
“St Ives Communication Ltd”, “St
Ives Communication Limited”,
“Women Radio FM”
HumAngle Media Ltd
“HumAngle Media Ltd”, “HumAngle
Media Limited”
Media Development
Investment Fund
“Media Development Investment
Fund”
Exhibit 8. Behavior Change module-level keywords for digital and traditional media.
Module: Behavior Change Keywords and Phrases
Keyword Category
Keyword/Phrase
Keyword/Phrase Variation
Boolean Search Term
Overall BC Keywords
Behavior Change
Behavior, behavior change
approach, behavior change
intervention,
“behavior change”, “behavior”,
“behavior change approach”,
“behavior change intervention”,
Approach
“approach”
Intervention
“intervention”
Social change
“social change”
Capacity building
Building capacity
“capacity building”, “building
capacity”
Edutainment
Shugabanci
“Shugabanci”
Dadin Kowa
“Dadin Kowa”
Kwana Casa’in
“Kwana Casa’in”
Books
Non-fiction books, Non
fiction books, nonfiction
books, “books”, adult
books”
“adult books”, “non-fiction books”,
“non fiction books”, “nonfiction
books”, “books”
Children Books
kids book, books for kids,
books for children,
children’s books
“children books”, “kids book”,
“books for kids”, “books for
children”, “children’s books”
Video Series
Video Serial, Online video
series, online video serial
“video series”, “video serial”,
“online video series”, “online video
serial”
YouTube Channel
YT channel, YouTube series,
YouTube serial
“YouTube Channel”, “YT channel”,
“YouTube series”, “YouTube serial”
Series
“series”
Web series
Website series, online
series, series
“web series”, “website series”,
“online series”
TV Series
Television series, TV serial,
television serial
“TV series”, “television series”, “TV
serial”, “television serial”
film
Movie, documentary,
cinema, Nollywood, Netflix,
animated film, films for
children”
“film”, “movie”, “documentary”,
“cinema”, “Nollywood”, “Netflix”,
“animated film”, “films for
children”
radio drama
Radio serial, radio series
“radio drama”, “radio serial”,
“radio series”
Edutainment
Entertainment,
edutainment
“entertainment”, “edutainment”
If I am President
“If I am President”
Jenifa’s Diary
“Jenifa’s Diary”
November 2022 | On Nigeria 2.0 Learning Brief 15
OKIRIPOTO
“OKIRIPOTO”
Fourth Republic
“Fourth Republic”
social media
Twitter, Facebook,
Instagram, Reddit,
Nairaland, TikTok,
YouTube, Influencer, Social
Media Influencer
“social media”, “twitter,
“facebook”, “instagram”, “reddit”,
“nairaland”, “tiktok”, “youtube”,
“influencer”, “social media
influencer”
soap opera
Soap-opera
“soap opera”, “soap-opera”
games
Game-based interventions,
game-based programs
“games”, “game-based
interventions”, “game-based
programs”
Satellite TV
Corruption Tori
“Satellite TV”,
Corruption Tori
“Corruption Tori”
Faith-based
Muslim
“Muslim”
Christian
Christianity
“Christian”, “Christianity”
youth
Adolescent, young people,
younger people, teens,
teenagers, young adult
“youth”, “adolescent”, “young
people”, “younger people”,
“teens”, “teenagers”, “young
adult”
faith leader
Faith-leader
“faith leader”, “faith-leader”
faith-based
Faith-based campaign, faith
based, religious, religious
campaign, religion, religion-
based campaign, religion
based campaign
“faith-based”, “faith-based
campaign”, “faith based”,
“religious”, “religious campaign”,
“religion”, “religion-based
campaign”, “religion based
campaign”
interfaith
“interfaith”
Islam
“Islam”
Priest
Preacher, Imam
“priest”, “preacher”, “imam”
social norm
Cultural norm, societal
norm, society’s norms,
norms
“social norm”, “cultural norm”,
“societal norm”, “society’s norms”,
“norms”
ethics
Ethical
“ethics”, “ethical”
religious leader
“religious leader”
integrity
“integrity”
BC Grantee Organizations
Behavioral Insights (US) Inc.
(BI)
BIT, Behavioral Insights
Team, BI
“Behavioral Insights Team”, “BIT”,
“Behavioral Insights”, “BI”
Chatham House
CH
“Chatham House”, “CH”
High Definition Film Studio
Limited
High Definition Film, High-
Definition Film, High-
Definition Film Studio,
High-Definition Film Studio
Limited, High Definition
Film Studio Ltd.”
“High Definition Film Studio
Limited”, “High Definition Film”,
“High-Definition Film”, “High-
Definition Film Studio”, “High-
Definition Film Studio Limited”,
“High Definition Film Studio Ltd.”
SceneOne Productions
Limited
SceneOne Productions Ltd.
“SceneOne Productions Limited”,
“SceneOne Productions Ltd.”
Bayero University Kano
BUK
“Bayero University Kano”, “BUK”
Akin Fadeyi Foundation
AFF
“Akin Fadeyi Foundation”, “AFF”
Griot Studios
“Griot Studios”
Lux Terra Leadership
Foundation
“Lux Terra Leadership Foundation”
Moving Image Limited
“Moving Image Limited”
November 2022 | On Nigeria 2.0 Learning Brief 16
Accountability Lab Nigeria
Accountability Lab
“Accountability Lab Nigeria”,
“Accountability Lab”
National Institute for Policy
and Strategic Studios
NIPSS
“National Institute for Policy and
Strategic Studios”, “NIPSS”
Nigerian Economic Summit
Group
“Nigerian Economic Summit
Group”
Al-Habibiyyah Islamic
Society
Al-Habibiyyah
“Al-Habibiyyah Islamic Society”,
“Al-Habibiyyah”
Nigerian Institute for Social
and Economic Research
“Nigerian Institute for Social and
Economic Research”
Equal Access International
Equal Access to Knowledge
Development Initiative
“Equal Access International”,
“Equal Access to Knowledge
Development Initiative”
Independent Corrupt
Practices and Other Related
Offences Commission
ICPC
“Independent Corrupt Practices
and Other Related Offences
Commission”, “ICPC”
Palace of Priests Assembly
“Palace of Priests Assembly”
Step Up Nigeria
“Step Up Nigeria”
Mambayyah House
“Mambayyah House”
Integrity
Integrity Organization,
Integrity Nigeria, Public
Integrity Networks, PINS
“Integrity Organization”, “Integrity
Nigeria”, “Public Integrity
Networks”, “PINS”
ICPC Anti Corruption
Academy of Nigeria
“ICPC Anti Corruption Academy of
Nigeria”
Exhibit 9. Joinbodi module-level keywords for digital and traditional media.
Module: Joinbodi Keywords and Phrases
Keyword Category
Keyword/Phrase
Keyword/Phrase
Variation
Boolean Search Term
JB Overall Keywords
Collective action
“collective action”
Community advocacy
Community campaign
“community advocacy”,
“community campaign”
Cost of corruption
Costs of corruption
“cost of corruption”, “costs of
corruption
Citizen action
“citizen action”
Citizen advocate
“citizen advocate”
Constituency project
“constituency project”
Corporate Affairs
Commission
CAC
“Corporate Affairs Commission”,
“CAC”
Open Contracting Data
Source
OCDS
“Open Contracting Data Source”,
“OCDS”
Open Government
Partnership
OGP
“Open Government Partnership”,
“OGP”
Parents Forum
“parents forum”
Protest
Protests, Protesting,
Protested
“protest”, “protests”, “protesting”,
“protested”
Public procurement
Public Procurement Act
“public procurement”, “Public
Procurement Act”
Freedom of Information
(FOI)
“FOI”, “freedom of information”
Budget tracking
“Tracking the budget”
“budget tracking”, “tracking the
budget”
Entitlement
“entitlement”
November 2022 | On Nigeria 2.0 Learning Brief 17
School-Based Management
Committee
SBMC, School Based
Management Committee
“SBMC”
Technical Advisory
Committee
“TAC”
“Technical Advisory Committee”,
“TAC”
Townhall
Town Hall, Town Hall
Forum, Town Hall Meeting
“townhall”, “town hall”, “town hall
forum”, “town hall meeting”
Scorecard
Score card
“scorecard”, “score card”
SERVICOM
Service Compact with All
Nigerians
“SERVICOM”, “Service Compact
with All Nigerians”
Whistleblower
“whistleblower”
Grievance Mechanisms
grievance
“grievance mechanisms”,
“Grievance mechanism”,
“grievance”
Follow-the-Money by
Connected Development
Follow-the-Money,
Connected Development,
CODE, Follow the Money,
Follow the Money
Movement
“Follow-the-Money by Connected
Development”, “Follow-the-
Money”, “Connected
Development”, “CODE”, “Follow the
Money”, “Follow the Money
Movement”
Elections
campaign platform
“campaign platform”
Independent National
Electoral Commission
INEC
“Independent National Electoral
Commission”, “INEC”
Red Card Movement
RCM
“Red Card Movement”, “RCM”
Coalition for a New
Nigeria
CNN
“Coalition for a New Nigeria”,
“CNN”
Coalition for Nigeria
Movement
CNM
“Coalition for Nigeria Movement”,
“CNM”
Third Force
“third force”
Nigeria Intervention
Movement
NIM
“Nigeria Intervention Movement”,
“NIM”
Coalition of United Political
Parties
CUPP
“Coalition of United Political
Parties”, “CUPP”
Transition Monitoring
Group
TMG
“Transition Monitoring Group”,
“TMG”
Nigeria Civil Society
Nigerian Civil Society
“Nigeria Civil Society”
Situation Room
“Situation Room”
Election Tampering
Tampering elections
“election tampering”, “tampering
elections”
card reader
“card reader”
JB Grantee Organizations
African Centre For
Leadership, Strategy &
Development
ACLSD, Centre LSD, Centre
LSD, African Centre For
Leadership, Strategy and
Development
“African Centre For Leadership,
Strategy & Development”, “ACLSD”,
“Centre LSD”, “African Centre For
Leadership, Strategy and
Development”
African Centre For Media &
Information Literacy
ACMIL, AFRIMIL, African
Centre For Media and
Information Literacy,
African Center for
Information and Media
Literacy, AFRICMIL
“African Centre For Media &
Information Literacy”, “ACMIL”,
“AFRIMIL”, “AFRICMIL”, “African
Centre For Media and Information
Literacy”, “African Center for
Information and Media Literacy”
Arewa Research &
Development Project
Arewa, Arewa Research
and Development Project
“Arewa Research & Development
Project”, “Arewa”, “Arewa Research
and Development Project”
November 2022 | On Nigeria 2.0 Learning Brief 18
Centre for Transparency
Advocacy
CTA, “Say No” Campaign
“Centre for Transparency
Advocacy”, “CTA”, “Say No
Campaign”
Proteus Fund
“Proteus Fund”
Youth Initiative for
Advocacy, Growth, and
Advancement
Youth Initiative for
Advocacy, Growth &
Advancement
“Youth Initiative for Advocacy,
Growth, and Advancement”, “Youth
Initiative for Advocacy, Growth &
Advancement”
TrustAfrica
“TrustAfrica”
Socio-Economic Rights &
Accountability Project
SERAP, Socio-Economic
Rights & Accountability
Project, Socio Economic
Rights & Accountability
Project, Socio Economic
Rights and Accountability
Project
“Socio-Economic Rights &
Accountability Project”, “SERAP”,
“Socio-Economic Rights and
Accountability Project”, “Socio
Economic Rights and Accountability
Project”
Social Development
Integrated Centre
SDIC, Social Action,
NDEBUMOG, Social Action
Niger Delta Budget
Monitoring Group
“Social Development Integrated
Centre”, “SDIC”, “Social Action,
NDEBUMOG”, “Social Action, Niger
Delta Budget Monitoring Group”
Right to Information,
Nigeria
R2K, Nigeria
“Right to Information Nigeria”,
“R2K, Nigeria”
Popular Theatre for
Community Development
Theatre for Community
Development
“Popular Theatre for Community
Development”, “Theatre for
Community Development”
Integrity Nigeria
Public Integrity Networks,
PINS
“Integrity Nigeria”, “Public Integrity
Networks”, “PINS”
HEDA Resource Centre
HEDA
“HEDA Resource Centre”, “HEDA”
Civil Society Legislative
Advocacy Centre
CISLAC
“Civil Society Legislative Advocacy
Centre”, “CISLAC”
Resource Centre for Human
Rights & Civic Education
Resource Centre for
Human Rights and Civic
Education
“Resource Centre for Human Rights
& Civic Education”, “Resource
Centre for Human Rights and Civic
Education”
BudgIT
“BudgIT”
Connected Development
Initiative
“Connected Development
Initiative”
Community Life Project
“Community Life Project”
Public and Private
Development Centre
PPDC
“Public and Private Development
Centre”, “PPDC”
Civil Society Legislative &
Advocacy Centre
CISLAC
“Civil Society Legislative & Advocacy
Centre”, “CISLAC”
Policy and Legal Advocacy
Centre
PLAC
“Policy and Legal Advocacy Centre”,
“Policy & Legal Advocacy Centre”,
“PLAC”
Women’s Rights
Advancement & Protection
Alternative
WRAPA
“Women’s Rights Advancement &
Protection Alternative”, “Women’s
Rights Advancement and Protection
Alternative”, “WRAPA”
Centre for Information
Technology and
Development
CITAD
“Centre for Information Technology
and Development”, “CITAD”
November 2022 | On Nigeria 2.0 Learning Brief 19
Initiative for Research,
Innovation, and Advocacy
in Development
IRIAD
“Initiative for Research, Innovation,
and Advocacy in Development”,
“IRIAD”
Shehu Musa Yar’Adua
Foundation
“Yar’Adua Foundation”
“Shehu Musa Yar’Adua
Foundation”, “Yar’Adua
Foundation”
November 2022 | On Nigeria 2.0 Learning Brief 20
Exhibit 10. Process for data collection by Playspread.
