Coordination & Subordination
Coordination
uses conjunctions (and, but, or, nor, for, yet, so) to connect two sentences with roughly equal ideas. Both
ideas in a coordinate sentence (also called a COMPOUND sentence) carry approximately equal weight. A
trick to remembering the conjunctions is to think of the acronym, FANBOYS, which stands for :
For, And, Nor, But, Or, Yet, and So.
Subordination
uses conjunctions (for example: although, because, since, when, which, who, if, whereas) to connect one
dependent clause to an independent clause, creating a COMPLEX sentence. By using a complex sentence,
you indicate to your reader that one idea carries more weight than the other.
Subordination is better than coordination in showing relationships between ideas because it more
closely reflects complex life situations. In the subordination of two related ideas, the more important idea
is put into an independent clause which could stand alone. The less important idea is put into a
subordinate clause which could never stand alone because it is dependent on the independent clause.
How to Employ Subordination
Example: Because he got home late, he missed his dinner. (Using coordination would show a weaker
relationship: He got home late, and he missed his dinner.)
Pattern: Because----------------------------------, independent clause.
Use any of the following to subordinate one idea to another:
after ,how ,though ,although, if, unless, as, once, until ,as if ,in order ,that ,when ,as long as, since whenever
, as though, so that , where , because, provided ,wherever, before , than ,while
More Examples:
Although he was poor, he was a happy man.
Where there is smoke, there is fire.
Unless she finishes her degree, she will not get the job.
A Few Smaller Points:
Whenever the subordinate (dependent) section comes first, a comma is usually put between the
subordinate section and the independent clause. While it is better to put the subordinate section before
the independent sentence, the opposite is possible. When this is done, no comma is put between the
independent clause and the subordinate section. On occasion, the subordinate section should follow the
independent clause for the sake of logic or dramatic effect.
Example: She toasted the bread while he scrambled the eggs.
Pattern: Independent sentence while -------------------------------.
Once you have learned the pattern of subordination, use it!
Coordination: Paul was hurrying, and he cut his finger.
Subordination: Because Paul was hurrying, he cut his finger.
(The above is condensed from Steps in Composition )