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"American Pie" is a song by American singer and songwriter Don McLean. Recorded and released on the
American Pie album in 1971, the single was the number-one US hit for four weeks in 1972 and also
topped the charts in Australia, Canada, and New Zealand. In the UK, the single reached number 2, where
it stayed for 3 weeks, on its original 1972 release while a reissue in 1991 reached No. 12. The song was
listed as the No. 5 song on the RIAA project Songs of the Century. A truncated version of the song was
covered by Madonna in 2000 and reached No. 1 in several countries, including the United Kingdom,
Canada and Australia. McLean's combined version is the fourth longest song to enter the Billboard Hot
100, at the time of release it was the longest, in addition to being the longest song to reach #1.
The repeatedly mentioned phrase "the day the music died" refers to the plane crash in 1959 which killed
early rock and roll performers Buddy Holly, The Big Bopper, and Ritchie Valens. (The crash was not
known by that name until after McLean's song became a hit.) The meaning of the other lyrics has long
been debated, and for decades, McLean declined to explain the symbolism behind the many characters
and events mentioned. However, the overall theme of the song is the loss of innocence of the early rock
and roll generation as symbolized by the plane crash which claimed the lives of three of its heroes.
In 2017, McLean's original recording was selected for preservation in the National Recording Registry by
the Library of Congress as
being "culturally, historically, or artistically significant".
Except to acknowledge that he first learned about Buddy Holly's death on February 3, 1959—McLean
was age 13—when he was folding newspapers for his paper route on the morning of February 4, 1959
(the line
"February made me shiver/with every paper I'd deliver"), McLean has generally avoided responding to
direct questions about the song's lyrics; he has said: "They're beyond analysis. They're poetry." He also
stated in an editorial published in 2009, on the 50th anniversary of the crash that killed Holly, Ritchie
Valens, and J. P.
"The Big Bopper" Richardson, that writing the first verse of the song exorcised his long-running grief
over Holly's death and that he considers the song to be "a big song ... that summed up the world known as
America". McLean dedicated the American Pie album to Holly.
It was also speculated that the song contains numerous references to post-World War II American events
(such as the murders of civil rights workers Chaney, Goodman, and Schwerner), and elements of culture,
including 1960s culture (e.g. sock hops, cruising, Bob Dylan, The Beatles, Charles Manson, and much
more).
When asked what "American Pie" meant, McLean jokingly replied, "It means I don't ever have to work
again if I don't want to." Later, he stated, "You will find many interpretations of my lyrics but none of
them by me ... Sorry to leave you all on your own like this but long ago I realized that songwriters should
make their statements and move on, maintaining a dignified silence."
In February 2015, McLean announced he would reveal the meaning of the lyrics to the song when the
original manuscript went for auction in New York City, in April 2015. The lyrics and notes were
auctioned on April 7, and sold for $1.2 million. In the sale catalogue notes, McLean revealed the meaning
in the song's lyrics:
"Basically in American Pie things are heading in the wrong direction. ... It [life] is becoming less idyllic. I
don't know whether you consider that wrong or right but it is a morality song in a sense."